Robert Besley

Besley was born in Exeter on 14 October 1794 and began his business life in his father’s shop where, as an apprentice, he learned the skills of printing.  

He married Eliza Courtney (born about 1797, died 20 September 1876) at St James Clerkenwell in 1821. Besley was taken into partnership by William Thorowgood at the Fann Street Foundry in Fann Street, City of London in 1838, having been employed as a traveller there since 1826.A History of the Old English Letter Foundries, Talbot Baines Reed, 1887 He worked with Thorowgood until the latter's retirement in 1849. Thorowgood had been the first to use the term "Grotesque" to describe a Sans-Serif typeface and the first to design one in lower case with Seven Line Grotesque.[http://www.designhistory.org/Type_milestones_pages/SansSerif.html The First Sans Serif] Graphic Design History, 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2014.Alexander Lawson's [https://books.google.com/books?id=FiJ87ixLs0sC Anatomy of a Typeface] on Google Books

When Besley created Clarendon in October 1845 he had it registered under the recently passed Ornamental Designs Act 1842,Anthony Camp, On the City's Edge: a history of Fann Street, London (2016) 24-31; the design was not patented. but the typeface became so popular that its rights were soon broken by people creating knock-offs, though Clarendon is still known as the first registered typeface.[http://popperfont.com/2008/06/27/fontlove-clarendon/ Article] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823184047/http://popperfont.com/2008/06/27/fontlove-clarendon/ |date=2008-08-23 }} on Popperfont.com, Fontlove section, by David Ng. Citing a thesis essay from Mitja Miklavcic, 2006.

He retired from the type-founding business in 1861.Anthony Camp, On the city's edge: a history of Fann Street, London (2016) 24-31.

Besley was elected to the City of London's Court of Common Council in 1854 to represent the Ward of Aldersgate where his business was based. In 1861 he was elected as Aldersgate's Alderman, a role he held until his death. Besley's Civic career progressed and he was elected as a Sheriff of the City of London in 1863 and Lord Mayor of London in 1869.

Besley also served as Chairman of the Scarborough and Whitby Railway Company and Chairman of Griffin’s Wharf as well as Governor of the Queen’s Anne Bounty, set up to support the incomes of poorer church clergy.

He died at Victoria Road, Wimbledon Park on 18 December 1876, and was buried at Battersea cemetery.

[https://www.londonpicturearchive.org.uk/view-item?i=32&WINID=1729339545359 This drinking fountain] was erected in 1878 in memory of 'Robert Besley Esq. Alderman of this ward and Lord Mayor of London, 1869 - 70'. The fountain was removed in 1934, but is memorialised by a [https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMN1W8_Robert_Besley_Aldersgate_Street_London_UK Corporation of London Blue Plaque] at 107 Aldersgate Street, London, EC1.

Besley is also mentioned on the [https://www.flickr.com/photos/maggiejones/17188195106 Foundation Stone of the Guildhall Library and Museum] in Basinghall Street, London, EC2.

{{Reflist}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526195323/http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=external%2FItem&sp=I18%3ABesley%2C%2BRobert%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%3A%3AB&sp=8564&sp=X Image of Besley as Lord Mayor of London]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110526195310/http://collage.cityoflondon.gov.uk/collage/app?service=external%2FFullScreenImage&sp=I18%3ABesley%2C%2BRobert%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%2B%3A%3AB&sp=18424&sp=X&sp=2 A political cartoon of Besley] and fellow members of the Corporation of London{{dead link|date=December 2016}}
• [http://www.adeinnelson.com/BesleyMiddlesex.html Biographical details and images]
• [https://www.londonpicturearchive.org.uk/search-results?key=VXsiUCI6eyJ0YXgiOjUsInQiOlsxODc5XX19&WINID=1708339377224 Three political cartoons of Besley and an oil portrait of him]

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Category:1794 births

Category:1876 deaths

Category:Sheriffs of the City of London

Category:19th-century lord mayors of London

Category:19th-century English politicians

Category:English typographers and type designers

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