Rolling Thunder Revue

The idea behind the tour, Dylan said, was to "play for the people", the people who never get good seats at his larger concerts due to higher ticket cost and inconvenient locations. Dylan chose to play in smaller auditoriums because, he said, "the atmosphere in small halls is more conducive to what we do". His New York musician friend David Blue felt that Dylan clearly wanted to get back to being closer to his audience after becoming a major music star, saying, "Bob's just an ordinary [...] guy, a great songwriter who got swept up in this whole fame thing and was smart enough to know how to control it, who rode with it and was shrewd, damn shrewd. And now he's just paying everyone back with this tour. It's like a family scene."

Dylan named the tour after hearing the continuous sounds of thunder one day.{{Citation |title=Rare photos of Bob Dylan's epic Rolling Thunder tour |publisher=CBS News |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/bob-dylans-rolling-thunder-revue-tour-photos-by-ken-regan/3/ |access-date=April 14, 2016 }} He conceived the tour in the summer of 1975 while he was living in Greenwich Village, and began co-writing with his friend, Jacques Levy, with whom he wrote various songs, including "Hurricane".

In October 1975, soon after completing Desire, Dylan held rehearsals for his second tour in two years (following an eight-year hiatus) at New York City's midtown Studio Instrument Rentals space. Bassist Rob Stoner, drummer/pianist Howie Wyeth and violinist Scarlet Rivera were retained from the Desire sessions for the rehearsals. Joining them were T-Bone Burnett (electric guitar, piano), Steven Soles (acoustic guitar, electric guitar, backing vocals) and David Mansfield (dobro, mandolin, violin, pedal steel guitar). Although the trio had been dismissed during the Desire sessions in an attempt to focus the overall production, Dylan yielded to his original instincts and decided to rehire them for the tour. {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} Luther Rix (drums, percussion) was also added at an indeterminate point.[http://www.bjorner.com/DSN02910%201975%20Rolling%20Thunder%20Revue.htm#DSN03190 Maple Leaf Gardens show schedule]

{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor=peachpuff|quote=I've known these guys for a long time and I love them dearly, but everybody is slightly unstable. But it's delightful working with Bobby again. He's relatively impossible to follow and that's a challenge, but I need that.|source=Joan Baez
[https://dontforgetthesongs365.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/bob-dylan-joan-baez-kissing-on-stage.jpg Joan Baez kissing Bob Dylan]}}

When rehearsals began, many of the musicians were apparently uninformed about plans for an upcoming tour. At the same time, Dylan was casually inviting others to join in with the band. According to Stoner, the group rehearsed "for like a day or two – it [was] not really so much a rehearsal as like a jam, tryin' to sort it out. Meanwhile, all these people who eventually became the Rolling Thunder Revue started dropping in. Joan Baez was showing up. Roger McGuinn was there. They were all there. We had no idea what the purpose for these jams was, except we were being invited to jam."Heylin 2011, p. 407

According to Lou Kemp, a friend of Dylan's who eventually organized the tour, the Rolling Thunder Revue "would go out at night and run into people, and we'd just invite them to come with us. We started out with a relatively small group of musicians and support people, and we ended up with a caravan."Heylin 2011, p. 408 Uninterested in performing in a country/folk milieu, Patti Smith amicably declined Dylan's invitation.{{Cite web | url=http://www.oceanstar.com/patti/intervus/770318bd.htm | title=Patti smith: Chapter from _wanted_man_}} Bruce Springsteen also turned down an invitation "because he had plenty of touring commitments of his own and was on a roll" following the breakthrough success of Born to Run, released that August.[https://books.google.com/books?id=8PFiDAAAQBAJ&dq=%22bruce+springsteen%22+%22rolling+thunder+revue%22+%22e+street+band%22&pg=PA56 Boss: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band - the Illustrated History], Voyageur Press (2016) p. 56[https://i.imgur.com/pgxg4aJ.jpg Photo of Bruce Springsteen visiting Bob Dylan backstage during a Rolling Thunder show] However, Dylan did add one surprising element to the Rolling Thunder Revue when Mick Ronson agreed to join the tour. Ronson was the lead guitarist and arranger in David Bowie's former backing band, The Spiders from Mars.

Another musician invited on the tour was introduced to Dylan on October 22, when Dylan went to see David Blue perform at The Other End. It was there that he met Ronee Blakley, the actress/singer who had recently starred in Robert Altman's celebrated film Nashville. At the end of Blue's show, Blakley joined Dylan on-stage for a few songs, joined by poet Allen Ginsberg; afterwards, Dylan extended her an invitation to join the Rolling Thunder Revue. She initially declined due to prior commitments but eventually changed her mind and appeared at rehearsals two days later.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJivlyihq2s Ronee Blakely discusses the Rolling Thunder tour], 1978 interview with Patrick Carr She later recalled, "Oh I loved him, right away, just loved him. He was exactly what I thought he would be like. Funny and mysterious and shy and dear and vulnerable."[https://i.pinimg.com/originals/1c/1a/37/1c1a37d31a21af5dd3e3c92c9e071176.jpg Photo of Ronee Blakely and Bob Dylan during Rolling Thunder tour]

However, the same day Blakley showed up for rehearsal, Dylan returned to the recording studio to re-record "Hurricane" (due to legal concerns involving the song's original lyrics).Sloman 2002, p. 35-28. Employing Blakley as a substitute for Emmylou Harris (who had prior engagements to attend to), Dylan quickly recut "Hurricane", the last recorded work done for Desire before its release in January 1976.

On October 23, 1975, owner Mike Porco's 61st birthday, Dylan and a group of friends took over Gerde's Folk City as the main show was ending. Dylan and Joan Baez sang "One Too Many Mornings", followed onstage by Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Eric Andersen, Patti Smith, Arlen Roth, Bette Midler, Buzzy Linhart, Phil Ochs and others. Dylan and his group brought in lights and cameras and filmed the session, which began well after midnight; a brief scene of Phil Ochs trying to tune Eric Andersen's guitar from open to regular tuning made it into Renaldo and Clara. A week later, on October 30, the Rolling Thunder Revue played its first concert.

File:Allen Ginsberg and Bob Dylan by Elsa Dorfman.jpg

Sometime in October, Dylan also contacted an old friend and filmmaker, Howard Alk. Dylan's ambitions apparently included a film of the tour, and Alk accepted Dylan's offer to shoot the film. When the tour rehearsals were still in progress, Alk reportedly began filming scenes in Greenwich Village for possible inclusion in the film.

Dylan contacted actor/playwright Sam Shepard, then considered to be a relatively obscure cult figure, to work as the film's screenwriter.[http://nightflight.com/wp-content/uploads/DYLANSHEPARD11.jpg Photo of Dylan with Sam Shepard] He was closely associated with several figures in Dylan's circle, including Jacques Levy, who directed many of Shepard's 1960s Off-Off-Broadway plays; Patti Smith, who was Shepard's former lover and dramatic collaborator; and Allen Ginsberg, who had worked with Shepard on Robert Frank's Me and My Brother in 1969.[https://www.stevenpressfield.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/tumblr_m8lspkWmyr1r0iqavo1_500.png Photo of Sam Shepard with Patti Smith] Dylan asked Shepard if he had seen Marcel Carné's Les Enfants du Paradis or François Truffaut's Shoot the Piano Player, and told him that those were the kinds of films he wanted to produce on the tour.Gray M, op.cit. 371

While Ginsberg accompanied the tour for most of its 1975 run, his planned recitations, as well as some performances by other Revue members, were cut before the opening date to keep the concerts at a manageable length.

{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = LightCyan|quote=He [Dylan] was electric during those tours, and had boundless energy and incredible strength of performance. When he sang "Along the Watchtower," it was just riveting. The words were like staccato bullets, and every song had a peak energy.

It was such a powerful and magical experience . . . We received outrageous reviews worldwide and the tour was an enormous sensation. . . It was confirmed for me that I was with a living genius, on the level of Shakespeare of our time. Just profound, prolific and profound.|source= tour violinist Scarlet RiveraMovie, Rolling Thunder and The Gospel Years, Highway 61 Productions (2006) Chapter 7, interviews with Scarlet Rivera
[https://i2.wp.com/68.media.tumblr.com/7294daee0f37f55af6d3f679306d91d2/tumblr_otknd5FcBa1snb6qwo2_1280.jpg Scarlet Rivera, Roger McGuinn, and Bob Dylan]}}

On October 30, Dylan held the first Rolling Thunder Revue show at the War Memorial Auditorium in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Intended to contrast with the bombast of his 1974 tour with The Band, the first leg of the tour was small, spanning only thirty shows. The majority of the first Revue was booked at intimate venues, including smaller arenas, theaters and gymnasia; aside from two shows in Upstate New York, a four-show Canadian leg and the concluding concerts in the New York metropolitan area, the tour's itinerary was entirely confined to New England. However, the secrecy surrounding the Revue's intended destinations, the new material Dylan was premiering, and the inclusion of Joan Baez on the same bill as Dylan for the first time in a decade ensured prominent media coverage.[https://www.morrisonhotelgallery.com/images/big/R-486_BobDylan_JoanBaez_1975_Gruen757.jpg Photo of Bob Dylan and Joan Baez at the first Rolling Thunder tour]

On November 2, 1975, the tour stopped at the University of Lowell. Dylan's inspiration for playing Lowell was Jack Kerouac, a pivotal influence on his oeuvre who was born and raised in the city. Dylan, Beat Generation colleague Ginsberg and various band members visited Kerouac's gravesite.[https://www.morrisonhotelgallery.com/images/big/SCAN_7_V2.jpg Bob Dylan and Allen Ginsberg at gravesite of Jack Kerouac]

According to Larry Sloman, who documented the tour in On the Road with Bob Dylan (1978), "Onstage it was like a carnival. Bobby Neuwirth and the back-up band [dubbed 'Guam'] warmed up the audience. Next, Dylan ambled on to do about five songs. After intermission, the curtain rose to an incredible sight, Bob and Joan, together again after all these years."

Dylan and Baez often opened the second half of the show duetting in the dark on "Blowin' in the Wind".Riley 2010 Then Baez would take center stage with a dynamic six-song set, followed by a solo set from Dylan. He was joined by the band for a few numbers, until the finale song, Woody Guthrie's "This Land Is Your Land," featuring everyone [https://wpr-public.s3.amazonaws.com/wprorg/styles/resp_orig_custom_user_wide_1x/s3/field/image/ap_791788173911.jpg on stage].[http://digital.vpr.net/post/remembering-bob-dylans-1975-tour-stop-university-vermont#stream/0 "Remembering Bob Dylan's 1975 Tour Stop At The University Of Vermont"], Vermont Public Radio (VPR), October 21, 2016 The spirit was considered extremely warm, leading Joni Mitchell, who only intended to play one concert, to stay on for the remaining three nights of the tour.

The dramatic finale of the tour took place on December 8 in Madison Square Garden, where, to an audience of 14,000, Dylan performed a benefit concert for his latest cause, the imprisoned boxer Rubin Carter.[https://theamazingkornyfonelabel.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/dylan-hurricane-carter-benefit.jpg News headline about the Rubin Carter concert] The concert was titled "The Night of The Hurricane," in reference to Dylan's song, "Hurricane", which was released in November 1975.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pm6xCwNKtnQ "Hurricane", performed live by Bob Dylan in 1975] Among those appearing on stage were Muhammad Ali and Coretta Scott King, the widow of the slain civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr.[https://www.morrisonhotelgallery.com/images/big/Dylan%20and%20Ali.jpg Photo of Bob Dylan and Muhammad Ali at benefit]

Performers included Roberta Flack, Robbie Robertson, Ronee Blakely, Joan Baez, Joni Mitchell and violinist Scarlet Rivera. In the audience were a number of key political figures, boxers, and movie stars.[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/09/archives/dylan-returns-to-garden-with-rolling-thunder-revue-in-benefit-for.html "Dylan Returns to Garden With Rolling Thunder Revue in Benefit for Carter"], New York Times, December 9, 1975Flippo, Chet. "Hurricane Night: Thunder in the Garden", Rolling Stone, January 15, 1976 p. 10 And at the time of the concert, Carter was an inmate at Trenton State Prison, where he reacted after learning of the benefit on his behalf and the song dedicated to him: "Wow, man. I mean, he took this case, this nine years of whatever, and put it together, wop, like that, and covered every level, every facet of it. I said, 'Man, this cat's a genius. He's giving the people the truth.' And it was inspiring to me. I told myself, 'Rubin, you got to keep pushing, 'cause you must be doing something right, you got all these good people coming to try and help you.'"{{cite magazine |last1=Sloman |first1=Larry |title=Bob Dylan and Friends on the Bus: Like a Rolling Thunder |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/bob-dylan-and-friends-on-the-bus-like-a-rolling-thunder-233962/ |access-date=27 August 2022 |magazine=Rolling Stone |date=4 December 1975 |pages=9–10}}

Dylan made the surprising theatrical choice of wearing whiteface make-up at many of the shows. In some shows, he walked on stage wearing a plastic mask, only to toss it aside after the first song to play harmonica on "It Ain't Me, Babe". According to Rivera, one heckler asked Dylan "Why are you wearing a mask?" to which Dylan replied, "The meaning is in the words."Heylin 2003

A number of critics highly praised the tour. "The Rolling Thunder Revue shows remain some of the finest music Dylan ever made with a live band", wrote Clinton Heylin. "Gone was the traditionalism of The Band. Instead he found a whole set of textures rarely found in rock. The idea of blending the pedal-steel syncopation of Mansfield, Ronson's glam-rock lead breaks, and Rivera's electric violin made for something as musically layered as Dylan's lyrics ... [Dylan] also displayed a vocal precision rare even for him, snapping and stretching words to cajole nuances of meaning from each and every line."Heylin C.,loc. cit {{clarify|date=April 2017|which Heylin reference?}} According to Riley, "These are rugged and inspired reworkings of many Dylan standards—[Dylan] even talks casually to the audience (now a thing of the past). He lights into a biting electric version of 'It Ain't Me, Babe,' and then a thoroughly convincing rock take of 'The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll' ... and an 'Isis' that makes the Desire take sound like a greeting card."Riley 2010, p.257

There is a critical consensus that the tour failed in one regard, the making of the film Renaldo and Clara.{{cite web |last=Maslin |first=Janet |date=January 26, 1978 |title=Movie Review – 'Renaldo and Clara,' Film by Bob Dylan:Rolling Thunder |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9A03EFD71330E631A25755C2A9679C946990D6CF |access-date=August 25, 2018 |work=NY Times}}{{cite web |title=Music Video Review: Bob Dylan's Renaldo & Clara |url=http://blogcritics.org/music-video-review-bob-dylans-renaldo/}} Shepard soon discovered that his nominal function as screenwriter was somewhat superfluous, for most of the film's dramatic sequences would be entirely improvised with little guidance or direction from Dylan. Shepard elected to record his impressionistic divagations in a journal eventually published as The Rolling Thunder Logbook (1977).

A second Hurricane Carter benefit was held at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas on January 25, bridging the two legs of the tour. For this performance, Ringo Starr, Stephen Stills and Joe Vitale augmented the core band. Before the concert, Dylan chose to meet with the man that discovered him, Roy Silver, and Silver's partner, manager Richard Flanzer, for some advice. Flanzer and Silver quickly provided several stars (including Stevie Wonder and Dr. John) to help make this concert the most commercially successful event of the tour, with Dylan giving a strident performance. Dylan asked Flanzer to accompany him on the chartered flight to oversee these guest stars.

Rehearsals for the spring leg were held in Clearwater, Florida during April, and the first show was on April 18 at the Civic Center in Lakeland, Florida. With an itinerary dominated by arenas and stadiums due to the ballooning budget of Renaldo and Clara, the tour continued throughout April and May in the American South and Southwest. (Performances by Dylan and Baez during the Clearwater rehearsals were taped and aired on The Midnight Special.) Although most of the fall complement (including Baez, McGuinn, Ronson and the Neuwirth-led Guam) returned, Elliott, Blakley, Rix, Ginsberg and Shepard moved on to other endeavors. Kinky Friedman and Donna Weiss joined the ensemble as featured performers, essentially replacing the former two, while percussionist Gary Burke replaced Rix.[http://www.bjorner.com/DSN03275%201976%20Rolling%20Thunder%20Revue%20II.htm#DSN03420 "Still on the Road, 1976 Rolling Thunder Revue II"] New guests included Dennis Hopper, who recited Rudyard Kipling's "If" at The Warehouse in New Orleans. Joni Mitchell returned to preview two songs ("Black Crow" and "Song for Sharon") from Hejira in Fort Worth.

The penultimate show of the tour took place on May 23 at Hughes Stadium in Fort Collins, Colorado. Comments about it typified the feeling about the spring tour: "Although the band has been playing together longer, the charm has gone out of their exchanges", wrote Tim Riley.Riley 2010, p. 258 "The Rolling Thunder Revue, so joyful and electrifying in its first performances, had just plain run out of steam", wrote music critic Janet Maslin for Rolling Stone.{{cite magazine | url=https://www.rollingstone.com/artists/bobdylan/albums/album/118029/review/6209717/at_budokan | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070317045930/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/bobdylan/albums/album/118029/review/6209717/at_budokan | url-status=dead | archive-date=March 17, 2007 | title=Album Reviews: Bob Dylan: At Budokan | first=Janet| last=Maslin| author-link=Janet Maslin | magazine=Rolling Stone | date=July 12, 1979}}

The final Rolling Thunder show took place in Utah on May 25, at Salt Palace in Salt Lake City."Bob Dylan drives '70's into oblivion", Deseret News, Salt Lake City, UT, May 26, 1976.Rock Artists Score Big in Salt Palace Show", The Salt Lake Tribune'', May 26, 1976 It was the first time Dylan had ever performed in Utah. News journalist David Beck, who came to the show, wrote that "in ensemble, they are, if anything, even better than alone. Put together by Dylan with rigid professionalism, the show is quick, well-paced, varied, funny and exciting. . . it was as good as you would expect it to be, with artists of this caliber; better, because of the time these people have spent together, because of their obvious admiration for one another, because of the unifying and uplifting presence of the Rolling Thunder band. Long may it roll.

The show in Utah would be Dylan's last performance for twenty-one months (save for a short set backed by The Band at The Last Waltz in November 1976),[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtFEzhaNrT4 "Forever Young"], video clip from The Last Waltz and it would be another two years before Dylan recorded another album of new material.

{{quote box|align=right|width=25em|bgcolor = Pink|quote=I've been seeing Bob perform since 1966. I've never seen him as good as he was during the Rolling Thunder tour, night in, night out. He was just amazing, phenomenal energy, and incredible passion. They tried to go out and do something unique and they succeeded. It was just amazing music every night--the most incredible conviction and spirit.|source=Larry Sloman, Rolling Stone writerSounes, Howard. Down the Highway: The Life of Bob Dylan, Grove Press N.Y. (2001) pp. 295-299}}

The May 23 Colorado show was filmed for the September 1976 NBC television special Hard Rain; the Hard Rain live album containing selections from that and another late May date was released simultaneously. The television special garnered poor reviews and disappointing ratings, despite a TV Guide cover of and interview with Dylan. Sales of the album were relatively modest in the United States, where it peaked at No. 17.{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}

Dylan and Shepard's completed film, now the symbolist-romance-cum-concert-film Renaldo and Clara, would not be released until 1978 to a largely negative critical reception.{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/renaldo_and_clara/|title=Renaldo and Clara|website=Rotten Tomatoes }} For many years, it was the only official release documenting the live shows from the fall 1975 leg. However, a majority of the film consisted of the haphazard, fictional drama filmed during the tour. Later in 1978, an edited version of the film appeared that omitted many of the dramatic scenes in favor of focusing more on the performances.

Most performances from the fall 1975 tour were professionally recorded (in addition to wide bootlegging). The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue, incorporating performances from a number of the fall shows, saw issue in 2002. As the first official release to capture the Revue at its peak, it was warmly received by fans and critics.{{cite web

| url = {{AllMusic|class=album|id=r618513|pure_url=yes}}

| title = Bob Dylan Live 1975

| author = Erlewine, Stephen Thomas

| date = November 26, 2002

| access-date = January 4, 2009

| publisher = allmusic.com

}} In August 2010, a source close to Dylan told Rolling Stone that a documentary about the Rolling Thunder tour had been in development for years and could be released relatively soon.Rolling Stone article: "[https://web.archive.org/web/20100902233522/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/17386/197095 Dylan's New 'Bootleg' to Feature Unearthed Live Show]."

In June 2019, Netflix released a pseudo-documentary about the tour, directed by Martin Scorsese, titled Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese.[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/12/movies/rolling-thunder-revue-netflix.html "In 'Rolling Thunder Revue,' Scorsese Tries to Capture a Wild Dylan Tour"], New York Times, June 12, 2019 According to Netflix, the film "captures the troubled spirit of America in 1975 and the joyous music that Dylan performed during the fall of that year. Part documentary, part concert film, part fever dream, 'Rolling Thunder' is a one of a kind experience, from master filmmaker Martin Scorsese."[https://variety.com/2019/music/news/bob-dylan-martin-scorsese-rolling-thunder-film-netflix-1203104499/ "Bob Dylan, Martin Scorsese Reunite for 'Rolling Thunder' Film, Coming to Netflix in 2019"], Variety, January 10, 2019

• Hard Rain (1976)
• The Bootleg Series Vol. 5: Bob Dylan Live 1975, The Rolling Thunder Revue (2002)
• Bob Dylan – The Rolling Thunder Revue: The 1975 Live Recordings (2019)
• Rolling Thunder Revue: A Bob Dylan Story by Martin Scorsese, 2019 American pseudo-documentary film

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Behind the Shades: The 20th Anniversary Edition|date=April 1, 2011|publisher=Faber & Faber|isbn=978-0-571-27241-9}}
• {{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades Revisited|date=April 29, 2003|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-052569-9}}
• {{Cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5UJkA9he1sC&q=rolling+thunder+blowin+in+the+wind&pg=PT287 | title=Hard Rain: A Dylan Commentary | isbn=9780307773043 | last1=Riley | first1=Tim |date=December 29, 2010}}
• {{cite book|last=Sloman|first=Larry|title=On the Road with Bob Dylan|year=2002|publisher=Three Rivers Press|isbn=978-1-4000-4596-9}}

• [http://www.bjorner.com/DSN02910%201975%20Rolling%20Thunder%20Revue.htm Bjorner's Still on the Road] tour dates and set lists, 1975 leg
• [http://www.bjorner.com/DSN03275%201976%20Rolling%20Thunder%20Revue%20II.htm Bjorner's Still on the Road] tour dates and set lists, 1976 leg

{{Bob Dylan}}

Category:Bob Dylan concert tours

Category:1975 concert tours

Category:1976 concert tours