Roman army in Dacia

File:Roman Gothic Walls Romania Plain.svg

File:Sestertius Philip 247-lv lxiii.jpg minted to celebrate Dacia province and its legions]]

In Roman Dacia, an estimated 50,000 troops were stationed at its height.{{sfn|MacKendrick|2000|p=107}}{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}}

At the close of Trajan’s first campaign in Dacia in 102, he stationed one legion at Sarmizegetusa Regia.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}} With the conclusion of Trajan’s conquest of Dacia, he stationed at least two legions in the new province – the Legio IV Flavia Felix positioned at Berzobis, and the Legio XIII Gemina stationed at Apulum.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}} It has been conjectured that there was a third legion stationed in Dacia at the same time, the Legio I Adiutrix. However, there is no evidence to indicate when or where it was stationed. Debate continues{{clarify timeframe|date=January 2012}} over whether the legion was fully present, or whether it was only the vexillationes who were stationed in the province.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}}

Hadrian, the subsequent emperor, shifted the fourth legion (Legio IV Flavia Felix) from Berzobis to Singidunum in Moesia Superior, suggesting that Hadrian believed the presence of one legion in Dacia would be sufficient to ensure the security of the province.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}} The Marcomannic Wars that erupted north of the Danube forced Marcus Aurelius to reverse this policy, permanently transferring the Legio V Macedonica from Troesmis (modern Iglița in Romania){{sfn|MacKendrick|2000|p=126}} in Moesia Inferior to Potaissa in Dacia.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}}

Epigraphic evidence attests to large numbers of auxiliary units stationed throughout the Dacian provinces during the Roman period; this has given the impression that Roman Dacia was a strongly militarized province.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}} Yet it seems to have been no more highly militarized than any of the other frontier provinces, like the Moesias, the Pannonias, and Syria, and the number of legions stationed in Moesia and Pannonia were not diminished after the creation of Dacia.{{sfn|Katsari|2011|p=69}}{{sfn|Bury|1893|p=429}} However, once Dacia was incorporated into the empire and the frontier was extended northward, the central portion of the Danube frontier between Novae and Durostorum was able to release much-needed troops to bolster Dacia’s defences.{{sfn|Parker|2010|p=238}} Military documents report at least 58 auxiliary units, most transferred into Dacia from the flanking Moesian and Pannonian provinces, with a wide variety of forms and functions, including numeri, cohortes milliariae, quingenariae, and alae.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}} This does not imply that all were positioned in Dacia at the same time, nor that they were in place throughout the existence of Roman Dacia.{{sfn|Oltean|2007|p=56}}

Legions

class="wikitable sortable"

style="vertical-align: top;"

! Legio

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | V
E
T
E
R
A
N
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | V
I
T
R
I
X

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | F
E
L
I
X

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | P
I
A

F
I
D
E
L
I
S

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | T
O
R
Q
U
A
T
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | A
R
M
I
L
L
A
T
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | *

! Camps

I AdiutrixConstantin C. Petolescu: Dacia - Un mileniu de istorie, Ed. Academiei Române, 2010, {{ISBN|978-973-27-1999-2}}Academia Română: Istoria Românilor, Vol. 2, Daco-romani, romanici, alogeni, 2nd. Ed., București 2010, {{ISBN|978-973-45-0610-1}}

| -

| ✓

| -

| Apulum

II Adiutrix

| -

| ?

III Gallica

| -

| Porolissum

IV Flavia

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Bersobis, Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana, Micia

V Macedonica

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Potaissa

VI Ferrata

| -

| ?

VII Claudia

| -

| Romula, Drobeta, Castra of Bumbești-Jiu - Gară, Castra of Bumbești-Jiu - Vârtop

VII Gemina

| -

| Tadius

| Porolissum

X Gemina

| -

| Sucidava

XIII GeminaCristian M. Vlădescu: Fortificațiile romane din Dacia Inferior, Craiova, 1986

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Apulum, (Slăveni), Caput Stenarum, Arcobara, Dierna, Drobeta, Micia, Porolissum, Praetorium (castra of Mehadia), Stenarum, Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa

XXII Primigenia

| -

| Philippianorum

| Romula

Cohorts

class="wikitable sortable"

style="vertical-align: top;"

! Cohort

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | V
E
T
E
R
A
N
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%; background-color: #EEDDFF" | M
I
L
L
I
A
R
I
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | Q
U
I
N
G
E
N
A
R
I
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | P
E
D
I
T
A
T
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | S
C
U
T
A
T
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%; background-color: #CCFFDD" | E
Q
U
I
T
A
T
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | S
A
G
I
T
T
A
R
I
A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | S
P
E
C
U
L
A
T
O
R
U
M

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%; background-color: #FFDDEE" | C
I
V
I
U
M

R
O
M
A
N
O
R
U
M

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | P
I
A

F
I
D
E
L
I
S

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | T
O
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Q
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A
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A

! style="font-size:xx-small; line-height:95%" | *

! Camps

I Afrorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| ?

I Alpinorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| (Călugăreni), (Orheiu Bistriței), (Sărățeni), (Odorheiu Secuiesc)

I Antiochensium

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Drobeta

I Batavorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}

| -

| Certinae

I BracaraugustanorumC.C. Giurescu: Istoria Românilor - Vol. I - Din cele mai vechi timpuri până la moartea lui Alexandru cel Bun, Ed. ALL, București, 2010, {{ISBN|978-973-571-984-5}}, p. 112

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Angustia, (Boroșneu Mare)

I Brittonum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Augusta Nervia Pacensis, Aurelia, Flavia Malvensis

| Buridava, (Bumbești-Jiu - Gară), (Bumbești-Jiu - Vârtop), Malva

I Brittonum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}

| Ulpia

| Drobeta, Praetorium (of Mehadia),{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/896187/Notes_on_a_Dolichenian_relief_at_Mehadia | title=Notes on a Dolichenian relief at Mehadia | work=Marisia XXXI | date=2011 | accessdate=April 18, 2014 |author1=Boda, Imola |author2=Szabo, Csaba | pages=10}} Samum, Arcobara, Certinae, Porolissum, Resculum

I Cananefatium

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| (Tihău)

I Commagenorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}?

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Flavia

| Acidava, Jidava, Romula, (Sfârleanca), (Slăveni), (Drajna de Sus)

I Cretum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Drobeta

I Cypria

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| (Bumbești-Jiu - Gară), (Bumbești-Jiu - Vârtop)

I Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | ?

| ?

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Dacica

| ?

I Gaesatorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Aelia

| Resculum

I Hemesenorum{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/4623198/Ex_Oriente_ad_Danubium._The_Syrian_auxiliary_units_on_the_Danube_frontier_of_the_Roman_Empire | title=EX ORIENTE AD DANUBIUM - The Syrian units on the Danube frontier of the Roman Empire | publisher=MEGA Publishing House | year=2012 | accessdate=2014-03-17 | author=Țentea, Ovidiu}}

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Aurelia Antonina

| Micia

I Hispanorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Flavia Ulpia

| (Orheiu Bistriței), Napoca

I Hispanorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Largiana

I Hispanorum

| {{marked}}

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Arutela, (Slăveni), Castra Traiana, Angustia, (Boroșneu Mare), (Reci), (Tirighina-Bărboși)

I Ituraerorum{{cite web|last=Matei|first=Dan|title=Trupe fără castre, castre fără trupe în Dacia|url=http://istorie.uab.ro/publicatii/colectia_bcss/bcss_12/Studii_articole/4%20Dan_Matei.pdf|year=2006|accessdate=4 February 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306053022/http://istorie.uab.ro/publicatii/colectia_bcss/bcss_12/Studii_articole/4%20Dan_Matei.pdf|archivedate=6 March 2012}}

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Augusta

| Porolissum, (Buciumi), Certinae

I Montanorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| ?

I Pannioniorum

| {{marked}}

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| (Gilău), Arrubium

I Sagittariorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Drobeta, (Zăvoi), Tibiscum

I Thracum

| ?

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| ?

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | ?

| ?

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| ?

I Thracum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Acidava

I Tyriorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Agnaviae?, Arutela

I Ubiorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Stenarum, (Călugăreni), (Orheiu Bistriței), (Odorheiu Secuiesc)

I Vindelicorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Cumidavensis

| Arcidava, Cumidava, Tibiscum

II Bessorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Flavia

| Buridava, (Cincșor), (Rucăr), (Olteni)?

II Brittonum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Augusta Nervia Pacensis

| (Buciumi)

II Britonnum / Britannica

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}

| -

| Arcobara, Certinae, Samum

II Commagenorum{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/4623198/Ex_Oriente_ad_Danubium._The_Syrian_auxiliary_units_on_the_Danube_frontier_of_the_Roman_Empire | title=Ex oriente Ad Danubium - The Syrian units of the Danube frontier of the Roman Empire | publisher=MEGA Publishing House | year=2012 | accessdate=2014-02-05 | author=Țentea, Ovidiu}}

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Flavia

| Micia

II Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| ?

II Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Dacica

| ?

II Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Macedonica

| ?

II Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Pannonica

| ?

II Hispanorum[http://www.irregular.ro/articol%20petru%20ureche.pdf Petru Ureche: Tactică, strategie și specific de luptă la cohortele equitate din Dacia Romană]{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Cyrenaica

| Drobeta, Resculum

II Numidarum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Flavia

| (Feldioara)

III Campestris

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Napoca, Drobeta, Porolissum

III Commagenorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | ?

| ?

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | ?

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | ?

| -

| ?

III Delmatarum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Dierna, (Moldova Veche), Porolissum, Praetorium (Mehadia)

III Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| {{marked}}

| Felix

| Pons Aluti, (Hoghiz), (Boroșneu Mare)

IV Betasiorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | ?

| ?

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| (Olteni)

IV Hispanorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Praetoria Augusta

V Gallorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| (Pojejana)

V Lingonum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Porolissum

VI Gallica

| ?

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | ?

| {{marked}}

| ?

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | ?

| ?

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | ?

| ?

VI Thracum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| Certinae, Optatiana, Porolissum

VI Cumidavensium

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | -

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | -

| -

| Alexandrina Nova

| Cumidava

VIII Raetorum

| -

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | -

| {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | {{marked}}

| -

| {{marked}}

| -

| Ad Pannonios, Praetorium (Mehadia), Praetoria Augusta

IX Batavorum

| ?

! style="background-color: #EEDDFF" | {{marked}}

| -

! style="background-color: #CCFFDD" | {{marked}}

| ?

! style="background-color: #FFDDEE" | ?

| ?

| Buridava

Alae

class="wikitable sortable"

style="vertical-align: top;"

! Ala