Rowan County Regiment

Prior to the American Revolution, Rowan County had a militia regiment, like all colonial NC counties, as part of the Province of North Carolina. The Rowan County militia was used to defend the settlers during the Anglo-Cherokee War of 1758 to 1761 when the Cherokee Indians were devastating the outlying settlements. When Governor Arthur Dobbs sent a 50-man company of North Carolina Provincial Soldiers to the NC frontier in the summer of 1755, its commander, Captain Hugh Waddell, was placed in overall command of the Rowan and Anson County Regiments.{{endash}}.{{cite book | last = Ramsey | first = Robert | title = Carolina Cradle: Settlement of the Northwest Carolina Frontier, 1747–1762 | publisher = University of North Carolina Press | year = 1964 | location = Chapel Hill, NC | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=mhAqXsiEj1AC | isbn =978-0-8078-4189-1 }} When the construction of Fort Dobbs (North Carolina) was ordered by Governor Dobbs, he also ordered the Anson and Rowan County Militia Regiments to each create a 50-man militia company, which could be called on in there was an alarm. Both were to rendezvous at Fort Dobbs to support the Provincials there.

From mid-May to mid-June 1767, Waddell commanded Rowan and Mecklenburg militia detachments accompanying Governor Tryon to establish a boundary between North Carolina and the Cherokee.{{cite web|title=Hugh Waddell|website=NCPedia|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/waddell-hugh|author=Cashion, Jerry C.|year=1996}} In 1768, the regiment was commanded by Colonel Alexander Osborne. Colonel Osborne marched with the Rowan County regiment to assist Governor William Tryon in suppressing the Regulator Movement at Hillsborough in 1768 on the Yadkin River above Salisbury. (The Rowan County Scots-Irish did not join the Regulator Movement.) Colonel Osborn (1706{{endash}}1776) was the father of Adlai Osborne, who would later command the 2nd Rowan County Regiment during the American Revolution.{{cite book|author=Ervin, Samuel Jr|title=A Colonial History of Rowan County, North Carolina|year=1917|publisher=University of North Carolina, Edwards & Broughton Printing Company, Raleigh, North Carolina|url=http://www.carolana.com/NC/Counties/rowan_county_nc.html|access-date=April 16, 2019}}{{cite book|author=Keever, Homer M.|title=Iredell Piedmont County, with illustrations by Louise Gilbert and maps by Mildred Jenkins Miller|publisher=Iredell County Bicentennial Commission by Brady Printing Company from type set by the Statesville Record and Landmark|date=November 1976|page=44}}

File:Torrences Tavern DAR Marker.jpg marker commemorating the Battle of Torrence's Tavern, located on Langtree Road near the intersection with N.C. Highway 115 in Mount Mourne.]]

As a lead up to the American Revolution, the Rowan County Regiment was established on about August 1, 1775 under patriot command. Most of the regimental leadership were participants in the Rowan County Committee of Safety. The North Carolina Provincial Congress authorized the Rowan County Regiment to be organized as one of the 35 existing county militias on September 9, 1775. Colonel Griffith Rutherford became its first commander. Shortly after being authorized, the regiment was split on October 22, 1775, into two separate and distinct regiments—the 1st Rowan County Regiment and the 2nd Rowan County Regiment. The 1st Rowan County Regiment retained most of the original members of the original Rowan County Regiment. When the Salisbury District Brigade was created on May 4, 1776, the Rowan County Regiment was included in this brigade and Col Rutherford assumed command of the brigade. On May 9, 1777, the 2nd Rowan County Regiment was renamed as the Burke County Regiment, and the 1st Rowan County Regiment reverted to its original name—the Rowan County Regiment. On May 1, 1782, this regiment was once again split into two separate and distinct regiments—the 1st Rowan County Regiment and the 2nd Rowan County Regiment. These two separate regiments continued until the end of the war (September 3, 1783).

The following listings show the known commanders, officers, staff, and soldiers of the Rowan County Regiment.{{cite web|author=Graves, William|title=Southern Campaigns Revolutionary War Pension Statements & Rosters|url=http://revwarapps.org/|access-date=February 16, 2019}}, various pension applications and rosters Col Rutherford left the Rowan County Regiment when he was promoted to brigadier general in charge of the 1st Salisbury District Minutemen and later the Salisbury District Brigade.{{cite web|url=https://docsouth.unc.edu/csr/index.php/document/csr10-0089|title=Minutes of the Provincial Congress of North Carolina, North Carolina. Provincial Congress, August 20, 1775 – September 10, 1775, Volume 10, Pages 164–220|website=DocSouth|access-date=February 16, 2019}}

Commandants and colonels:

• Colonel Alexander Osborne (commander prior to 1775)
• Colonel Griffith Rutherford (commandant, original officer) (Sep 9, 1775 to Dec 21, 1775)
• Colonel Matthew Locke (1775–1783, 2nd colonel, brother of Francis Locke)
• Colonel Francis Locke, Sr. (original officer) (commandant, December 21, 1775{{endash}}November 13, 1776; April 10, 1777{{endash}}1783)
• Colonel Hugh Montgomery (commandant, November 23, 1776{{endash}}April 10, 1777)

The regiment consisted of 160 known companies headed by captains. Company officers included lieutenants, ensigns, sergeants, corporals, and privates/drummers/fifers. The following are the known notable captains and subordinates:

• Lieutenant William Richardson Davie, 10th Governor of North Carolina (1798{{endash}}1799)
• Captain William Sharpe, delegate to the Continental Congress (1779{{endash}}1781)
• Captain Joseph Dickson, Congressman from North Carolina (1799{{endash}}1801)and Tennessee (1807{{endash}}1811)

The Rowan County Regiment was involved in 31 known engagements during the American Revolution from 1775 to 1782. They fought in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The battle of Torrence's Tavern was the only battle fought in what became Iredell County, North Carolina in 1788, where many of the regiment's soldiers resided after the war. Companies were headed by captains. Not every company took part in every engagement. The regiment was also responsible for manning a shoe factory near what is now Statesville, North Carolina. The known engagements included:{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/sketcheswestern00huntgoog|title=Sketches of Western North Carolina, Historical and Biographical: Illustrating Principally the Revolutionary Period of Mecklenburg, Rowan, Lincoln, and Adjoining Counties, Accompanied with Miscellaneous Information, Much of it Never Before Published|publisher=Raleigh News Steam Job Print|author=Hunter, Cyrus Lee|year=1877|access-date=February 13, 2019|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sketcheswestern00huntgoog/page/n185 166]–183}}

File:Rutherford trace map.jpg

File:Battle of Guiliford Courthouse 1781 reenactment 13.jpg

• Cherokee–American wars
• Fort Dobbs
• List of American Revolutionary War battles
• Salisbury District Brigade
• Southern Campaigns: Pension Transactions for a description of the transcription effort by Will Graves
• Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|author=Arthur, John Preston|title=Western North Carolina; a history (1730–1913)|website=National Society Daughters of the American Revolution of North Carolina. Edward Buncombe Chapter, Asheville, North Carolina|year=1914|url=https://archive.org/details/westernnorthcaro00arth/page/n8|access-date=January 29, 2019}}
• {{cite book|author=Broadwater, Robert P.|title=American Generals of the Revolutionary War: A Biographical Dictionary|date=Feb 23, 2012|page=122|publisher=McFarland |isbn=9780786491735|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J_BZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA122}}
• {{Cite thesis|type=Ph.D.|title=Politics of the Personal in the Old North State: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina|url=http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723051411/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2010|last=MacDonald|first=James M.|year=2006|publisher=Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College|access-date=June 10, 2013|oclc=75633820}}
• {{cite book|author=Rumple, Jethro|title=History of Rowan County, containing sketches of prominent families and distinguished men, with an appendix|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofrowanco00rump/page/n3|year=1881|publisher=Salisbury, N.C.: Republished by the Elizabeth Maxwell Steele Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution}}

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Category:North Carolina militia

Category:Rowan County, North Carolina

Category:1775 establishments in North Carolina

Category:Military units and formations established in 1775

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1783

Category:1775 in North Carolina