Salisbury District Brigade
{{short description|Historical administrative division of the North Carolina, USA militia}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Salisbury District Brigade
|image=
|caption=
|country=
|allegiance={{flagicon|NC|1776}} North Carolina
|branch=North Carolina militia
|dates=1776–1783
|specialization=
|command_structure=
|size=about 2,000 men
|current_commander=
|garrison=
|ceremonial_chief=
|nickname=
|motto=
|colors=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=see #Engagements
|notable_commanders=Brigadier General
- Griffith Rutherford
- Matthew Locke
- Henry William Harrington
- William Lee Davidson
- Andrew Pickens
- Ambrose Ramsey
|anniversaries=
}}
The Salisbury District Brigade was an administrative division of the North Carolina militia during the American Revolutionary War (1776–1783). This unit was established by the Fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress on May 4, 1776, and disbanded at the end of the war.{{cite web | author=Lewis, J.D.| title=The American Revolution in North Carolina, Salisbury District brigade| url=http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_salisbury_district_brigade_of_militia.html| access-date=January 27, 2019}}
History
In August 1775, the Third Provincial Congress of North Carolina delegates appointed Cornelius Harnett the head of the Council of Safety which oversaw resistance to British rule. They also divided the colony into six military districts for the purpose of organizing militia and arranging representation in the executive body. The Salisbury District was one of these districts, which eventually led to the creation of the Salisbury District Brigade. At the county level, there were Committees of Safety, including the Rowan, Anson, Mecklenburg, Surry, and Tryon county committees of safety. Many members of the Rowan committee of safety became the officers of the regiments of the Salisbury District Brigade.{{cite web|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/overview|title=NCPedia, North Carolina in the US Revolution|access-date=March 5, 2019|author=Howard, Josh}}{{cite web|title=NCPEDIA, Council of Safety|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/council-safety|author=Towles, Louis P. |year=2006|access-date=March 5, 2019}}
Griffith Rutherford was from Rowan County, North Carolina. He was commissioned as a Colonel and commandant of the Rowan County Regiment on September 9, 1775. On December 21, 1775, the North Carolina Provincial Congress split the Salisbury District into two separate regiments of minutemen—the 1st Battalion of Salisbury District Minutemen and the 2nd Battalion of Salisbury District Minutemen. Colonel Rutherford was assigned as commandant of the 1st Battalion, along with Colonel Thomas Wade. The 1st Battalion participated in one engagement, the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge on February 27, 1776. Colonel Thomas Polk was commandant of the 2nd Battalion. The 2nd Battalion participated in the Battle of Great Cane Brake on December 22, 1775, the Snow Campaign on December 23, 1775 to December 30, 1775, and the Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge on February 27, 1776.
The minutemen battalions were considered "state troops" vice local militia. On April 10, 1776, the two battalions of minutemen regiments were disbanded in favor of local militia brigades and subordinate regiments. There were eventually six militia brigades by the end of the war. On April 22, 1776, Rutherford was commissioned as a brigadier general and assigned as the commandant of the Salisbury District Brigade that was established officially on May 4, 1776. Colonel Matthew Locke took over as commandant of the Rowan County Regiment.
Commandants
Commandants of the Salisbury District Brigade and their dates of service were as follows:Various databases have been searched to confirm the officers, including Find a Grave, FamilySearch.com, US Federal Census Records from 1840, DAR Records, and Pension Applications
- Brigadier General Griffith Rutherford was commandant from 1776 to 1783. At the Battle of Camden on August 16, 1780, he was taken POW and remained in British custody and imprisoned in Saint Augustine, Florida until he was released in a prisoner exchange in July 1781 and returned to service in September 1781. During his absence from duty, generals pro tempore filled in as commandants in the rank of general pro tempore.
- Brigadier General Matthew Locke was general pro tempore for a few months in 1779 while General Rutherford was in South Carolina for the Purrysburg expedition in early 1779.
- Brigadier General Henry William Harrington was general pro tempore from July to December 1780. The North Carolina Council of State appointed Henry William Harrington as brigadier general (pro tempore) to lead the Salisbury District Brigade while general Rutherford was sent to South Carolina to join up with components of the Southern Department. Brigadier General (pro temp) Henry William Harrington resigned his commission in November 1780.
- Brigadier General William Lee Davidson was general pro tempore from September 1780 to February 1781. He was commissioned as brigadier general pro tempore of Militia after Griffith Rutherford was captured at the battle of Camden, South Carolina on August 16, 1780. General Davidson was killed at the Battle of Cowan's Ford in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina on February 1, 1781 while opposing the re-entry of Cornwallis into North Carolina.
- Brigadier General Andrew Pickens was general pro tempore from February to March 1781. The colonels of the Salisbury District "elected" Andrew Pickens to replace Davidson. Pickens was a newly appointed general in the South Carolina militia and did not have an active assignment. However, general Pickens returned to the South Carolina militia in March and Colonel Ambrose Ramsey replaced him for the Battle of Guilford Courthouse.see also Andrew Pickens, William Lee Davidson biographies for additional sourcing
- Brigadier General Ambrose Ramsey was general pro tempore on March 15, 1781 for the Battle of Guilford Courthouse, after which he returned to his assignment as colonel/commandant of the Chatham County Regiment.
Regiments
The following regiments were subordinate to the Salisbury District Brigade. The date regiments were established and disbanded are shown. Those regiments marked with a "+" were transferred to the newly-created Morgan District Brigade of Militia in May 1782. The Washington County Regiment was called initially the Washington District Regiment until Washington County was created from Washington District. The 2nd Rowan County Regiment's name was changed to the "Burke County Regiment" in 1777 and then back to "2nd Rowan County Regiment" in 1782.
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- Anson County Regiment (1775–1783)
- Burke County Regiment+ (1777–1782)
- Guilford County Regiment (1775–1783)
- Lincoln County Regiment+ (1779–1783)
- Mecklenburg County Regiment (1775–1783)
- 2nd Mecklenburg County Regiment (1779–1780)
- Montgomery County Regiment (1779–1783)
- Richmond County Regiment (1779–1783)
- Rowan County Regiment (1775–1783)
- 2nd Rowan County Regiment (1775–1777, 1782–1783)
- Rutherford County Regiment+ (1779–1783)
- Sullivan County Regiment+ (1779–1783)
- Surry County Regiment (1775–1783)
- Tryon County Regiment (1775–1779)
- Washington District Regiment (1776–1777)
- Washington County Regiment+ (1777–1782)
- Wilkes County Regiment+ (1777–1783)
{{div col end}}
The regiments were made up of male citizens over sixteen years of age. Regiments of militia were called up for service by the governor or the commanding general to serve for a campaign or for a period of time as needed. The soldiers were told what equipment they had to bring with them.{{cite web|author=Durham, J. Lloyd|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/soldiers|title=Outfitting an American Revolutionary Soldier|date=1992|access-date=March 5, 2019|publisher=NCPedia, Tar Heel Junior Historian}}
The brigade was reported to have a size of 1,400 men in 1781 but never more than 2,000 men the remainder of the war.{{Cite book |last=MacDonald |first=James M |title=Politics of the Personal in the Old North State: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-542-56459-8 |url=http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723051411/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-23 }}
Engagements
File:Revolutionary War - Major Operations in the South 1780.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif
File:Battle of Guiliford Courthouse 1781 reenactment 13.jpg Reenanctment]]
Regiments of the Salisbury District Brigade were involved in 98 known engagements (battles, sieges, and skirmishes), including six in Georgia, 32 in South Carolina, eight in Tennessee, and 52 in North Carolina. One or more companies of these regiments were involved in each engagement.
Staff
The Salisbury District Brigade had several staff positions. The forage master, quarter master, and commissary were especially important in providing troops with food and supplies when they were called outside of the Salisbury District in North Carolina.{{cite web|url=http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_patriot_military_miscellaneous.html|title=The American Revolution in North Carolina, Miscellaneous|author=Lewis, J.D.|access-date=March 7, 2019}}
{{div col}}
- Forage master
- Allin, Thomas (under general William Lee Davidson)
- Quartermaster
- Boyd, Benjamin (Quartermaseter General)
- Brannon, John (Quartermaseter of Issues)
- Carr, Robert
- Gamble, Edmund
- Gillespie, Thomas (Quartermaster under general Rutherford)
- Walker, Andrew
- Commissary
- Graham, John
- Ramsey, David
- Scott, John (Issuing Commissary)
- Wallace, James
- Watson, John (stationed in Salisbury)
- Chaplain
- Hall, James (uncertain)
- Aide-de-Camp
- Harris, Thomas
- Rutherford, James (son of Griffith Rutherford)
- Paymaster
- Locke, Matthew
- Provisions Contractors
- Roper, James
- Sheppard, William
{{div col end}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|author=Crow, Jeffrey J.|title=A Chronicle of North Carolina During the American Revolution, 1763–1789|publisher=Raleigh: North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History|year=1975}}
- {{cite web|author=Howard, Josh|url=https://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/overview|publisher=NCPedia|title=North Carolina in the American Revolution|access-date=January 29, 2019}}
- {{Cite thesis|type=Ph.D.|title=Politics of the Personal in the Old North State: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina|url=http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723051411/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2010|last=MacDonald|first=James M.|year=2006|publisher=Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College|access-date=June 10, 2013|oclc=75633820}}
- North Carolina Department of Archives and History, North Carolina Revolutionary Army Accounts-Secretary of State Treasurer's and Comptroller's Papers Journal "A" (Public Accounts) 1775–1776.
- {{cite book|author=Powell, William|title=Dictionary of North Carolina Biography|publisher=Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press}}
- {{cite book|author=Rumple, Jethro Rev|title=A History of Rowan County|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofrowanco00rump/page/n4}}
- {{cite book|author=Russell, Phillips|title=North Carolina in the Revolutionary War|publisher=Charlotte: Heritage Printers|year=1965}}
- {{cite book|editor=Saunders, William|title=The Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. 10|publisher=Raleigh: Josephus Daniels|year=1890}}
- {{cite web|url=http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/nc.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229081420/http://www.history.army.mil/reference/revbib/nc.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 29, 2007|title=Bibliography of the Continental Army in North Carolina|author=United States Army Center of Military History}}
- {{cite book|author=Wheeler, Earl M.|title=Development and Organization of the North Carolina Militia|publisher=North Carolina Historical Review, 41, no. 3|date=July 1964|pages=307–323}}
{{NCRevWarUnits}}
Category:North Carolina militia
Category:1776 establishments in North Carolina
Category:Military units and formations established in 1776
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1783