Ruble#Russian Empire

{{Short description|Currency of Russia and Belarus}}

{{about|the currency used in various countries|the currency of Russia in particular|Russian ruble|other uses}}

{{distinguish|Rubble}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

File:5000 rubles obverse 2023.jpgs of the 2023 series, the highest available nominal in circulation]]

File:500 Belarus 2009 front.jpgs of the 2009 series, the highest available nominal in circulation, though it is rarely seen]]

The ruble or rouble ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|uː|b|əl}}; {{lang-rus|рубль|p=rublʲ}}) is a currency unit. Currently, currencies named ruble in circulation include the Russian ruble (RUB, ₽) in Russia and the Belarusian ruble (BYN, Rbl) in Belarus. These currencies are subdivided into one hundred kopeks. No kopek is currently formally subdivided, although denga (½ kopek) and polushka (½ denga, thus ¼ kopek) were minted until the 19th century. Additionally, the Transnistrian ruble is used in Transnistria, an unrecognized breakaway province of Moldova.

Historically, the grivna, ruble and denga were used in Russia as measurements of weight. In 1704, as a result of monetary reforms by Peter the Great, the imperial ruble of the Russian Empire became the first decimal currency. The silver ruble was used until 1897 and the gold ruble was used until 1917. The Soviet ruble officially replaced the imperial ruble in 1922 and continued to be used until 1993, when it was formally replaced with the Russian ruble in the Russian Federation and by other currencies in other post-Soviet states. In the past, several other countries influenced by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union had currency units that were also named ruble, including the Latvian ruble, Tajikistani ruble and Transcaucasian ruble (later Armenian ruble, Azerbaijani ruble, Georgian ruble).

Countries and territories currently using currency units named "ruble"

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
Currency

! Current users

! ISO 4217 code

Russian ruble

| {{flag|Russian Federation}} (1992–present)
{{flag|Abkhazia}} (2008–present)
{{flag|South Ossetia}} (2008–present)

| RUB (1998–present){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 97 - 1997-12-19 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_97.pdf}}
RUR (1992–1997)

Belarusian ruble

| {{flag|Belarus}} (1994–present)

| BYN (2016–present){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 161 - 2015-12-18 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_161.pdf}}
BYR (2000–2016){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 106 - 1999-12-10 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_106.pdf}}
BYB (1994–2000)

Transnistrian ruble

| {{flag|Transnistria}} (1994–present)

| -

Countries and territories historically using currency units named "ruble"

class="wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi"
Currency

! Historical users

! ISO 4217
code

! Replaced

! Replaced by

Russian ruble

| Principality of Moscow ({{circa}} 1300–1547)
{{flag|Tsardom of Russia}} (1547–1721)
{{flag|Russian Empire}} (1721–1917)
{{flag|Russian SFSR}} (1917–1922)
{{KGZ}} (1992–1993){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 61 - 1993-07-27 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_61.pdf}}
{{MDA}} (1992–1993){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 69 - 1993-12-03 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_69.pdf}}
{{flag|Turkmenistan|1992}} (1992–1993){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 64 - 1993-09-21 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_64.pdf}}
{{ARM}} (1992–1994){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 78 - 1994-10-04 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_78.pdf}}
{{AZE}} (1992–1994)
{{flag|Belarus|1991}} (1992–1994){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 77 - 1994-07-20 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_77.pdf}}
{{flag|Georgia|1990}} (1992–1994){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 71 - 1994-04-14 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_71.pdf}}
{{KAZ}} (1992–1994){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 72 - 1994-05-17 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_72.pdf}}
{{UZB}} (1992–1994){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 76 - 1994-07-12 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_76.pdf}}
{{TJK}} (1992–1995){{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 84 - 1995-07-12 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_84.pdf}}

| RUR

| Grivna,
Denga,
Soviet ruble

| Soviet ruble
(1922–1992)

Transcaucasian ruble
(Armenian ruble,
Azerbaijani ruble,
Georgian ruble)

| Transcaucasian DFR (1918)
{{flag|First Republic of Armenia}} (1918–1920)
{{flag|Azerbaijan Democratic Republic}} (1918–1920)
{{flag|Democratic Republic of Georgia}} (1918–1921)
{{flag|Transcaucasian SFSR}} (1922–1924)

| -

| Russian ruble

| Soviet ruble

Soviet ruble

| {{flag|Soviet Union}} (1922–1992)

| SUR

| Russian ruble

| Russian ruble,{{citation |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 50 - 1992-12-10 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_50.pdf}}{{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 54 - 1993-03-08 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_54.pdf}}[http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp01101.pdf John Odling-Smee, Gonzalo Pastor. The IMF and the Ruble Area, 1991—1993 // IMF Working Paper, 2001] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145510/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2001/wp01101.pdf |date=2015-09-24}}
Estonian kroon,{{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 46 - 1992-07-23 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_46.pdf}}
Latvian ruble,{{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 48 - 1992-10-29 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_48.pdf}}
Lithuanian talonas,
Ukrainian karbovanets

Latvian ruble

| {{flag|Latvia}} (1992–1993)

| LVR

| Soviet ruble

| Latvian lats

Tajikistani ruble

| {{flag|Tajikistan}} (1995–2000)

| TJR

| Russian ruble

| Tajikistani somoni{{cite web |title=ISO4217 AMENDMENT NUMBER 110 - 2000-11-02 |url=https://www.six-group.com/dam/download/financial-information/data-center/iso-currrency/amendments/dl_currency_iso_amendment_110.pdf}}

See also

References