Rujno Monastery printing house

{{Infobox publisher

| name = Rujno Monastery printing house

| image = 200px

| caption = Two pages from prototypical edition of The Rujan Four Gospels

| parent =

| status = defunct (1537)

| traded_as =

| predecessor =

| founded = 1537

| founder =

| successor =

| country = Ottoman Empire (modern day Serbia)

| headquarters = village Vrutci of Rujno Župa near Užice,

| distribution =

| keypeople = Hieromonk Teodosije

| publications = srbulje

| topics =

| genre =

| imprints =

| revenue =

| owner = Monastery of Saint George (Rujno Monastery)

| numemployees =

| url =

}}

The Rujno Monastery printing house ({{langx|sr|Штампарија манастира Рујно}}) was a printing house established in 1537 in the Monastery of Saint George (Rujno Monastery) in village Vrutci of Rujno Župa near Užice, Ottoman Empire (modern day Serbia). The monastery had substantial income from its nearby spa so it established the printing house. Still, this income was insufficient for metal types. That is why hieromonk Teodosije, hegumen of the monastery, and his fellow monks, made types of 250 engraved wooden plates. They printed one book in this printing house, The Rujan Four Gospels ({{langx|sr|Рујанско Четворојеванђеље}}). The Ottomans burned monastery together with its printing house to prevent further printing of books. Since 1984 the remnants of this monastery are below Lake Vrutci.

Rujno Four Gospels

The Rujno Monastery printing house was one of the oldest printing houses in the Balkans and the oldest printing house on the territory of modern day Serbia (then Ottoman Empire).{{Sfn|Aćimović|Đorđević|1987|p=39}} It was established and operational in a small monastery of Saint George in village Vrutci of Rujno Župa near Užice in 1537.{{Sfn|Samardžić|1993|p=409}} The monastery is also known as Rujno Monastery. Only one book was printed in Rujno Monastery printing house, The Rujan Four Gospels. It was printed by hieromonk Teodosije who used wooden types to print it.{{Sfn|Đorđić|1987|p=189}} Dejan Medaković concluded that Rujno Monastery was poor so its hieromonk and printer Teodosije had to use wooden types. Some other authors believe that substantial income of monastery received from its spa actually contributed to establishment of the printing house.{{Sfn|Institut|1964|p=163}} Medaković emphasize that this was not an advancement, but step back to older woodcut technique.{{Sfn|Medaković|2006|p=118}} For many months Teodosije carefully engraved 250 wooden plates to be used for printing.{{cite web|title=Изградњом бране "Врутци" узводно од Ужица, потопљен древни манастир Рујан|url=http://vesnik.net/%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%80/|publisher=Vesnik|access-date=25 December 2014|language=Serbian}} Because of the different shape of some letters it was concluded that he did not engrave all letters by himself. One book was in possession of Vuk Karadžić.{{Sfn|Magazine|1984|p=15}}

Destruction of the printing house

When Ottomans received information about the existence of this printing house they burned monastery while its monks fled to Rača monastery. The remnants of the monastery were used to build madrasa in Užice.{{cite web|title=Изградњом бране "Врутци" узводно од Ужица, потопљен древни манастир Рујан|url=http://vesnik.net/%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%80/|publisher=Vesnik|access-date=25 December 2014|language=Serbian}} In one letter written by Vuk Karadžić in 1857 he described wide red columns of the monastery he saw in madrasa.{{cite web|title=Изградњом бране "Врутци" узводно од Ужица, потопљен древни манастир Рујан|url=http://vesnik.net/%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D1%81%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%80/|publisher=Vesnik|access-date=25 December 2014|language=Serbian}}

Aftermath

The books printed in the printing house of Rujno Monastery had great influence to other nearby monasteries where they were manually transcribed. Today the exact location of the original monastery is unknown.{{Sfn|Kulundžić|1973|p=30}} The region where original Rujno Monastery was built is today below the surface of lake Vrutci built in 1984 for supply of Užice with potable water. New Rujno Monastery on another location was built in period 2004—2009.{{cite web|last1=Tasić|first1=Radoje|title=Rujansko jevanđelje dragocjenost srpske kulture|url=http://www.glassrpske.com/kultura/vijesti/Rujansko-jevandjelje-dragocjenost-srpske-kulture/lat/73037.html|publisher=Glas Srpske|access-date=25 December 2014|date=10 March 2012}}

References

Sources

{{cite book|last1=Aćimović|first1=Dragoljub|last2=Đorđević|first2=Milivoje|title=Štamparstvo u Užičkom kraju, 1537-1987: povodom 450 godina Rujanske štamparije|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRXhAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Dimitrije Tucović|language=sr}}
{{cite book|last=Samardžić|first=Radovan|title=Istorija srpskog naroda: pt. 1-2. Srbi pod tudinskom vlashdu 1537-1699|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHNpAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=Srpska knjiiževna zadruga}}
{{cite book|last=Đorđić|first=Petar|title=Istorija srpske ćirilice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W6ViAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva|language=sr}}
{{cite book|last=Medaković|first=Dejan|author-link=Dejan Medaković|title=Izabrane srpske teme: studije i prilozi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f3UvAQAAIAAJ|year=2006|publisher=Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod|language=sr}}
{{cite book|last=Institut|first=Geografski institut "Jovan Cvijić."|title=Zbornik radova|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCkXAQAAMAAJ|year=1964|publisher=Geografski institut "Jovan Cvijić."|language=sr}}
{{cite book|last=Kulundžić|first=Zvonimir|title=Gutenberg i njegovo djelo na Slavenskom jugu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=roMWAAAAIAAJ|year=1973|publisher=Verlag der Gutenberg-Gesellschaft|language=sr}}
{{cite book|last=Magazine|title=Yugoslav Illustrated Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vDoAAAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Jugoslovenska Revija}}
{{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}