Russo-Balt

{{Short description|Former Russian automotive and aircraft manufacturer}}

{{Infobox company

| name = Russo-Balt

| logo =

| fate =

| foundation = 1894

| defunct =

| location = Moscow, Russia

| Predecessor =

| successor =

| website = {{URL|russo-baltic.com}}

}}

Russo-Balt (sometimes Russobalt or Russo-Baltique) was one of the first Russian companies that produced vehicles and aircraft between 1909 and 1923.

Image:1973 CPA 4291.jpg postage stamp with a 1909 Russo-Balt car.]]

File:AG der Russisch-Baltischen Waggon-Fabrik 1906.jpg

File:Russo-balt.JPG

History

=Riga factory=

The Russo-Baltic Wagon Factory ({{langx|de|Russisch-Baltische Waggonfabrik}}; {{langx|ru|Русско-Балтийский вагонный завод}}, RBVZ) was founded in 1874 in Riga, then a major industrial centre of Russian Empire. Originally, the new company was an affiliate of the Van der Zypen & Charlier company in Cologne-Deutz, Germany.

In 1894 the majority of its shares were sold to investors in Riga and St. Petersburg, among them local Baltic German merchants F. Meyer, K. Amelung, and Chr. Schroeder, as well as Schaje Berlin, a relative of Isaiah Berlin. The company eventually grew to 3,800 employees.{{cite book |last=Henriksson |first=Anders |title=The Tsar's Loyal Germans:The Riga German Community—Social Change and the Nationality Question, 1855–1905 |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=0-88033-020-1 |location=Boulder, CO |page=122}}

Between 1909 and 1915 some 625 cars were built at the railway car factory RBVZ, initially to the designs of the young Swiss engineer Julian Potterat. Potterat had formerly been a designer at Automobiles Charles Fondu in Brussels, and was now at age 26, director of the RBVZ car section and a principal designer.[https://books.google.com/books?id=OV1_wGPHvCwC&dq=fondu+automobile+belgium&pg=PA18 Maurice A. Kelly: Russian Motor Vehicles: The Czarist Period 1784 to 1917] p. 17ff/ Chapter 2 books.google.co.uk, accessed 30 December 2018[https://www.fabtintoys.com/russo-balt/ Russo Balt model cars USSR] fabtintoys.com, accessed 5 January 2019 In 1915 the Riga factory was evacuated, with the equipment being transferred to St. Petersburg, Fili (Moscow) and Tver.{{cite book|last1=Davies|first1=R. W.|title=From Tsarism to the New Economic Policy|date=18 June 1990|page=194|publisher=Springer |isbn=9781349099337|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7mxCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194}}

Today in Riga, Latvia, there is a company named Russo-Balt that manufactures trailers.{{cite web|url=http://www.exim.lv/production-company-russo-balt|title=PRODUCTION COMPANY RUSSO-BALT - EXIM|website=www.exim.lv}} Another self-proclaimed successor is the luxury armored SUVs producer Dartz.{{cite web |title=Factory Tour / Dartz Motorz Company |work=Dartz World |publisher=Dartz Motorz (dartz.us) |date=2012 |url=http://www.dartz.us/en/dartz-world/index/factory-tour-121403 |accessdate=2012-06-29}}

=St Petersburg factory=

In early 1912 company director M. V. Shidlovsky hired 22-year-old Igor Sikorsky as the chief engineer for RBVZ's new aircraft division in St. Petersburg. Sikorsky's airplane had recently won a military aircraft competition in Moscow. He brought several engineers with him to RBVZ, and agreed that the company would own his designs for the next five years.

This group quickly produced a series of airplanes. Among these were the S-5, S-7, S-9, S-10 (1913), S-11, S-12, S-16 (1915), S-20 (1916), Russky Vityaz (The Grand) (1913), a series named Il'ya Muromets starting in 1913.{{cite book |title='Helicopter': Pioneering with Igor Sikorsky |last=Hunt |first=William E. |year=1999 |publisher=Swan Hill Press |isbn=1-85310-768-9 |pages=11–19 }}

Relatedly, in 1914, Shidlovsky was appointed commander of the newly formed EVK (Eskadra vozdushnykh korablei, Squadron of Flying Ships). This squadron flew Il'ya Muromets bombers during World War I.

The Bolshevik Revolution brought an end to the aircraft business. Sikorsky left for France in 1918.{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Sikorsky-Aircraft-Corporation-Company-History.html |title=A company history of the Sikorsky Corp |publisher=Fundinguniverse.com |access-date=2011-10-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910120831/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Sikorsky-Aircraft-Corporation-Company-History.html |archive-date=2011-09-10 }} Shidlovsky and his son were arrested in 1919, while attempting to go to Finland, and were murdered.{{cite book |last=Finne|first=K.N.|title=Igor Sikorsky: The Russian Years |year=1987|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.|isbn=0-87474-274-9|page=39|others=translated and adapted by Von Hardesty; Carl J. Bobrow and Von Hardesty, eds.}}

After the 1917 revolution a second factory was opened in St. Petersburg, where they built armoured cars on chassis produced in Riga.

=Moscow factory=

In 1922, the production was moved from St. Petersburg to BTAZ in Moscow. The Moscow plant was evacuated to Kazan in 1941, leading to the establishment of the Kazan Aircraft Production Association.{{cite web|title=4. Предприятия и заводы оборонной промышленности|url=http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/russia/pri/data/ic_nomenrussiapri/11/)|website=Военный паритет|access-date=15 May 2018|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729231521/http://www.militaryparitet.com/nomen/russia/pri/data/ic_nomenrussiapri/11/)|archive-date=29 July 2017}} The Moscow site later became home to the Khrunichev Space Center.

= Concept car =

File:Russo-Baltique Impression - 20070318.jpg concept car (2006).]]

The brand "Руссо-Балт" was resurrected in 2006 by a group of German and Russian investors to propose a luxury concept car, the Russo-Baltique Impression, billed as a coupé with strong hints of European styling of the early 1930s. The car uses mechanical parts of Mercedes origin (Mercedes CL63 AMG), was first introduced at the 2006 Concours d'Elegance.

The car was meant to be produced by the German company Gerg GmbH (or perhaps Russo-Baltique Engineering GmbH).{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} Total production of 10 to 15 cars maximum was expected, with a production rate of 2 to 3 cars a year. The selling price would have been around 50,000,000 rubles or 870,000 US dollars, but the project never materialized.

The current owner of the international trademark "Russo-Balt" is Russo-Balt, LLC (OOO), Moscow, Russia.{{cite web |url=https://www.trademarkia.com/pycco-russobalt-79001098.html |title=RUSSO-BALT Trademark Information |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171024153125/https://www.trademarkia.com/pycco-russobalt-79001098.html |archive-date=2017-10-24 }}

List of products

Image:Russo-Balt C 01.png (1914)]]

File:Russo-balt5.jpg design of Adolphe Kegresse ]]

Image:Russo-baltC24-40.jpg (1913)]]

File:Russia Grand Prix 1913 Ivanov.jpg in 1913 driving Russo-Baltique C24/58 4-cylinder car.]]

Russo-Balt produced trucks, buses and cars, often more or less copies of cars from the German Rex-Simplex or Belgian Fondu Trucks.

Only two original vehicles have survived to the present day. One is a Russo-Balt fire engine built on a Type D truck chassis in 1912. This is on display at the Riga Motor Museum in Latvia. The other is a Russo-Balt K12/20 from 1911, which is shown at the Polytechnical Museum in Moscow, Russia.