SN 2023ixf
{{Short description|Supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy}}
{{Infobox supernova
| name = SN 2023ixf
| image = 300px
| caption = Supernova 2023ixf as seen on 20 May 2023
| epoch = J2000
| type = Supernova
| host = Pinwheel Galaxy
| constellation = Ursa Major
| discovery = {{circa}} 21 million years ago
(detected 19 May 2023, 17:27 UTC by Kōichi Itagaki)
| mag_v = 10.8 (on 22 May 2023)
| distance = {{circa}} 21 million ly
| progenitor = Supergiant (M=–4.66)
}}
__NOTOC__
SN 2023ixf is a type II-L{{Cite journal |last1=G. |first1=Bianciardi |last2=M. |first2=Ciccarelli A. |last3=G. |first3=Conzo |last4=M. |first4=D'Angelo |last5=S. |first5=Ghia |last6=M. |first6=Moriconi |last7=Z. |first7=Orbanić |last8=N. |first8=Ruocco |last9=I. |first9=Sharp |last10=M. |first10=Uhlár |last11=F |first11=Walter |date=2023 |title=Multiband Photometry Evolution in the First Weeks of SN 2023ixf, a possible II-L Subtype Supernova |journal=Transient Name Server Astronote |volume=213 |page=1 |arxiv=2307.05612|bibcode=2023TNSAN.213....1B }}{{Cite web |title=VSX : Detail for SN 2023ixf |url=https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=2387467 |access-date=2023-07-31 |website=www.aavso.org}} (core collapse) supernova located 21 million light years away from Earth in the Pinwheel Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It was one of the brightest core collapse supernova to have occurred in the 21st century with it having an energy of 0.3-1.4x10^51 ergs of energy. Before becoming a supernova, the progenitor star is believed to have been a supergiant with an absolute magnitude in the near-infrared (814nm) of MF814W = –4.66. It is expected that SN 2023ixf has left behind either a neutron star or black hole based on current stellar evolution models.
The supernova is located near a prominent HII region, NGC 5461, in an outer spiral arm of the bright galaxy.
The supernova ejecta during the nebular phase produced by SN 2023ixf contained <0.65 solar masses of the element Oxygen, traveling at a speed of 2250 kilometers per second which is consistent with models of a lower mass progenitor Red supergiant star. The luminosity was powered by an estimated 0.049 solar masses of the isotope Nickle-56. It had broad Calcium profiles which dominated later stages of the nebular phase and a broad but complex multi-peaked Hydrogen profile. The ejected Hydrogen showed high velocity (6000 kilometers per second) emission features which may be evidence of interaction with a dense region of Hydrogen located at an extended distance.{{Cite journal |last1=Michel |first1=Philip D |last2=Mazzali |first2=Paolo A |last3=Perley |first3=Daniel A |last4=Hinds |first4=K-Ryan |last5=Wise |first5=Jacob L |date=2025-05-11 |title=The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: a lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=539 |issue=2 |pages=633–649 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staf443 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}
Discovery and History
It was first observed on 19 May 2023 by Kōichi Itagaki and immediately classified as a type II supernova.{{cite web|title=AstroNote 2023-119|url=https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-119|publisher=Transient Name Server|access-date=2023-05-20|archive-date=2023-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520214140/https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-119|url-status=live}} Initial magnitude at discovery was 14.9. After discovery, the Zwicky Transient Facility project found a precovery image of the supernova at magnitude 15.87 two days before discovery.{{cite web|title=ZTF Pre-Discovery Forced Photometry of SN 2023ixf|url=https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-120|publisher=Transient Name Server}}
By 22 May 2023, SN 2023ixf had brightened to about magnitude 11. It could be seen in telescopes as small as {{convert|114|mm|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} and remained visible with backyard telescopes for several months. The supernova started to fade around 10 June 2023.
The last supernova that close to Earth occurred 9 years previously: SN 2014J in Messier 82, roughly 12 million light-years from Earth.
| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 0.9em;"
|+Recently observed supernovae as bright as SN 2023ixf ! Supernova ! Galaxy ! Distance ! Type ! Peak | ||||
| bgcolor=#c2c2c2
|SN 2023ixf | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) | {{Convert|6.4|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|lk=on|disp=flip}} | II | 10.8 |
| SN 2014J | M82 (Cigar Galaxy) | {{Convert|3.7|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} | Ia | 10.1[https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/snmag.html List of supernovae sorted by Magnitude for 2014] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530044943/https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2014/snmag.html |date=2023-05-30 }} (David Bishop) |
| SN 2011fe | Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) | {{Convert|6.4|Mpc|Mly|abbr=on|disp=flip}} | Ia | 9.9[https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/snmag.html List of supernovae sorted by Magnitude for 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530045408/https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2011/snmag.html |date=2023-05-30 }} (David Bishop) |
Image gallery
File:Gemini North Back On Sky With Dazzling Image of Supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy (noirlab2315a).jpg|Gemini North Observatory image of SN 2023ixf.
File:SN2023ixf in Messier 101.png|SN2023ixf imaged one day after its discovery
References
{{Reflist|refs=
|title=Discovery certificate for object 2023ixf
|url=https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023ixf/discovery-cert
|publisher=Transient Name Server
|access-date=2023-05-22
|archive-date=2023-05-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521041357/https://www.wis-tns.org/object/2023ixf/discovery-cert
|url-status=live
}}
|title=Detection of candidate progenitor of SN 2023ixf in HST archival data
|url=https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16050
|publisher=Astronomer's Telegram
|date=2023-05-23
|access-date=2023-05-24
|archive-date=2023-05-24
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524030443/https://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=16050
|url-status=live
}}
|title=New supernova! Closest in a decade
|publisher=Earthsky
|author=Kelly Kizer Whitt
|date=2023-05-20
|url=https://earthsky.org/todays-image/supernova-in-m101-pinwheel-galaxy-closest-in-a-decade-how-to-see/
|accessdate=2023-05-21
|archive-date=2023-05-20
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520162254/https://earthsky.org/todays-image/supernova-in-m101-pinwheel-galaxy-closest-in-a-decade-how-to-see/
|url-status=live
}}
|title=Bright Supernova Blazes in M101, the Pinwheel Galaxy
|publisher=Sky & Telescope
|author=Bob King
|date=2023-05-22
|url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/bright-supernova-blazes-in-m101-the-pinwheel-galaxy/
|accessdate=2023-05-23
|archive-date=2023-05-22
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522171647/https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/bright-supernova-blazes-in-m101-the-pinwheel-galaxy/
|url-status=live
}}
|title=2023ixf (ZTF23aaklqou)
|author=David Bishop
|url=https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/sn2023/index.html#2023ixf
|accessdate=2023-05-22
|archive-date=2023-05-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521221545/https://www.rochesterastronomy.org/supernova.html#2023ixf
|url-status=live
}}
|title=2023-141: Amateur Follow-up observations in bands V & B
|url=https://www.wis-tns.org/astronotes/astronote/2023-141
|publisher=Transient Name Server}}
|title=AAVSO Magnitude Plot
|url=https://www.aavso.org/LCGv2/index.htm?DateFormat=Calendar&RequestedBands=&view=api.delim&ident=000-BPQ-019&fromjd=2459988.920458&tojd=2460188.920458&delimiter=@@@
|publisher=AAVSO
|archive-date=2023-06-11
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230611115201/https://www.aavso.org/LCGv2/index.htm?DateFormat=Calendar&RequestedBands=&view=api.delim&ident=000-BPQ-019&fromjd=2459988.920458&tojd=2460188.920458&delimiter=@@@
|url-status=live}}
}}
See also
External links
- [https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap230522.html Supernova Discovered in Nearby Spiral Galaxy M101], Astronomy Picture of the Day (NASA)
- AAVSO: [https://www.aavso.org/LCGv2/index.htm?DateFormat=Julian&RequestedBands=&view=api.delim&ident=000-BPQ-019&fromjd=2459988.920458&tojd=2460188.920458&delimiter=@@@ magnitude plot]
{{2023 in space}}
Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 2023
Category:Discoveries by Koichi Itagaki
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