SS La Touraine

La Touraine was laid down by Chantiers de [null Penhoët] for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in Saint-Nazaire and launched 21 March 1890.Bonsor, p. 657. Built for France to New York service, she was the fifth-largest steamer in the world at the time of her launch,Bonsor, p. 629. preceded by the Great Eastern, City of Paris, City of New York, Majestic, and Teutonic. She had a {{GRT|8,893|disp=long}} and measured {{convert|158.55|m|ftin}} long between perpendiculars, and was {{convert|17.07|m|ftin}} wide. Equipped with twin triple-expansion steam engines driving two screw propellers that drove her at {{convert|19|knots|km/h}}, she was outfitted with two funnels and four masts.

La Touraine was equipped throughout with electric lighting which was distributed by numerous circuits for redundancy and safety. La Touraine was initially equipped with accommodations for 392 first-class, 98 second-class, and 600 third-class passengers.

La Touraine sailed on her maiden voyage from Le Havre to New York on 20 June 1891 in just six days, seventeen hours and thirty minutes. During a transatlantic crossing in July 1892 she achieved a record speed of 21.2 knots over the measured mile, although she was never a Blue Riband record holder.

In 1893, one of her passengers was Bulgarian writer Aleko Konstantinov and he described the journey in his book To Chicago and Back.

On 2 March 1900, La Touraine ran down the sailing trawler 'Briton' of Brixham, Devon, in the English Channel near the Eddystone light. The trawler's entire five man crew was lost.{{Cite news|title=Brixham Ketch Run Down, Loss of Five Lives|date=15 March 1900|newspaper=North Devon Journal}}

From November 1900 to January 1902, La Touraine was refitted at Saint-Nazaire to {{GRT|8,429}}. Her engines were overhauled, she had bilge keels installed, and two masts removed. The bilge keels helped further stabilize the ship. As a result La Touraine, was said to be "as smooth as an iron over a linen cloth." Her third-class passenger capacity was increased to 1,000. On 21 January 1903, La Touraine was damaged at Le Havre by a fire that destroyed her grand staircase, the first-class dining room, and her "de luxe" cabins, all of which were later rebuilt. In 1906, La Touraine was still on the New York route, sailing opposite {{SS|La Savoie||2}} and {{SS|La Lorraine||2}}.Bonsor, p. 634. In 1910 her passenger capacity was reduced, accommodating 69 first-, 263 second-, and 686 third-class passengers. On April 12, 1912 while on a transatlantic voyage La Touraine was one of a number of ships that related wireless radio warnings about icebergs to the {{RMS|Titanic}} shortly before that ship's now-famous collision with an iceberg.{{Cite news|date=1912-04-17|title=TOLD TITANIC OF ICEBERGS.; Touraine, Now at Havre, Encountered Field of Submerged Ice.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/04/17/archives/told-titanic-of-icebergs-touraine-now-at-havre-encountered-field-of.html|access-date=2021-12-24|issn=0362-4331}}

In May 1913, she began sailing from Le Havre to Montreal via Quebec carrying only second- and third-class passengers. In October 1913, while still on this route, she was one of ten ocean liners that came to the aid of the stricken Uranium Line steamer {{SS|Volturno|1906|2}} that had caught fire. During the rescue efforts, La Touraine came within {{convert|15|ft|m}} of colliding with the Red Star liner {{SS|Kroonland||2}}, also participating in the rescue attempt.{{cite news | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/19/100654108.pdf | title = Ships near a crash in aiding Volturno | work = The New York Times | date = 19 October 1913 | page = 8 }} La Touraine began her fifth and final round trip on the Montreal run in June 1914.

At the outbreak of World War I, the French government took over many of CGT's liners—including La Touraine—for a variety of duties.Bonsor, p. 635. During the war, the German government established an [http://felixsommerfeld.com/news/mexican-revolution-blog/2015/2/28/germanys-sabotage-campaign-in-the-us-started-100-years-ago intelligence and sabotage operation] within the United States. On July 30, 1916, this campaign carried out the sabotage of the Black Tom pier in Jersey City, New Jersey, destroying the munitions depot there and causing severe damage to numerous structures including the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island complex.

At some point after being released from government service, La Touraine resumed Le Havre–New York service, and again carried first-class passengers, until March 1915. After the German invasion of France in April 1915, CGT shifted its base of operations to Bordeaux; La Touraine began Bordeaux–New York service at that time, remaining on that route until September 1919, when the end of the war allowed the resumption of departures from Le Havre. After resuming Le Havre–New York service, La Touraine carried cabin and third-class passengers only through her last voyage in September 1922. With the post-war boom in North Atlantic traffic over,Bonsor, p. 638. CGT sold La Touraine. The liner was scrapped in Dunkirk in October 1923.

File:La_Touraine_08.jpg

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• {{cite book | last = Bonsor | first = N. R. P. | title = North Atlantic Seaway, Volume 2 | edition = Enlarged and completely revised | location = Saint Brélade, Jersey | publisher = Brookside Publications | orig-year = 1955 | year = 1978 | isbn = 0-905824-01-6 | oclc = 29930159 }}

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• [http://www.thegreatoceanliners.com/latouraine.html La Touraine page] at [http://www.thegreatoceanliners.com/ The Great Ocean Liners]
• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTPmzzbYea8 Video dedicated to SS La Touraine]
• Pages relating to La Touraine{{'}}s rescue of survivors of the burning and sinking of {{SS|Volturno|1906|6}} from [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228125649/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno01.html The burning of the 'Volturno']:
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509061516/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno80.html Photos of La Touraine, information about crewmen aboard La Touraine that received medals for Volturno rescue]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509061523/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno81.html Photos of La Touraine, information about Volturno survivors rescued by La Touraine]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509061533/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno82.html More photos of La Touraine]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509061538/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno83.html Information on the construction of La Touraine from a contemporary source]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060509061553/http://ca.geocities.com/volturno@rogers.com/volturno84.html More photos of La Touraine]

{{French Line ships}}

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Category:1890 ships

Category:Ocean liners

Category:Ships built in France

Category:Ships of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique

Category:World War I passenger ships of France

Category:Steamships of France