STARD13
{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}
{{Infobox_gene}}
StAR-related lipid transfer domain protein 13 (STARD13) also known as deleted in liver cancer 2 protein (DLC-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STARD13 gene and a member of the DLC family of proteins.{{cite journal | vauthors = Couch FJ, Rommens JM, Neuhausen SL, Bélanger C, Dumont M, Abel K, Bell R, Berry S, Bogden R, Cannon-Albright L, Farid L, Frye C, Hattier T, Janecki T, Jiang P, Kehrer R, Leblanc JF, McArthur-Morrison J, Meney D, Miki Y, Peng Y, Samson C, Schroeder M, Snyder SC, Simard J | title = Generation of an integrated transcription map of the BRCA2 region on chromosome 13q12-q13 | journal = Genomics | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 86–99 | date = August 1996 | pmid = 8812419 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0428 | doi-access = free }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: STARD13 START domain containing 13| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=90627}}
Function and structure
STARD13 serves as a Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), a type of protein that regulates members of the Rho family of GTPases.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ching YP, Wong CM, Chan SF, Leung TH, Ng DC, Jin DY, Ng IO | title = Deleted in liver cancer (DLC) 2 encodes a RhoGAP protein with growth suppressor function and is underexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 12 | pages = 10824–30 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12531887 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M208310200 | doi-access = free }} It selectively activates RhoA and CDC42 and suppresses cell growth by inhibiting actin stress fiber assembly.
The protein consists of an N-terminal sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain,{{Cite journal|last1=Li|first1=Hongyan|last2=Fung|first2=King-Leung|last3=Jin|first3=Dong-Yan|last4=Chung|first4=Stephen S. M.|last5=Ching|first5=Yick-Pang|last6=Ng|first6=Irene Oi-lin|last7=Sze|first7=Kong-Hung|last8=Ko|first8=Ben C. B.|last9=Sun|first9=Hongzhe|date=2007-06-01|title=Solution structures, dynamics, and lipid-binding of the sterile alpha-motif domain of the deleted in liver cancer 2|journal=Proteins|volume=67|issue=4|pages=1154–1166|doi=10.1002/prot.21361|issn=1097-0134|pmid=17380510|s2cid=20407564}} a serine-rich domain, a RhoGAP domain and at the C-terminus, a StAR-related lipid-transfer domain (START).
Tissue distribution and pathology
The protein was identified in part through its differential expression in cancers. A low level of STARD13 was observed in less differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma tissue with higher RhoA expression. A small patient study finds that the absence of STARD13 in hepatocellular carcinomas correlates with higher levels of RhoA and a poorer prognosis than patients with carcinomas that were STARD13-positive.{{cite journal | vauthors = Xiaorong L, Wei W, Liyuan Q, Kaiyan Y | title = Underexpression of deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) is associated with overexpression of RhoA and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma | journal = BMC Cancer | volume = 8 | pages = 205 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18651974 | pmc = 2496915 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2407-8-205 | doi-access = free }}
References
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Further reading
{{refbegin | 2}}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Ching YP, Wong CM, Chan SF, Leung TH, Ng DC, Jin DY, Ng IO | title = Deleted in liver cancer (DLC) 2 encodes a RhoGAP protein with growth suppressor function and is underexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 12 | pages = 10824–30 | date = March 2003 | pmid = 12531887 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M208310200 | doi-access = free }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Day CL, Puthalakath H, Skea G, Strasser A, Barsukov I, Lian LY, Huang DC, Hinds MG | title = Localization of dynein light chains 1 and 2 and their pro-apoptotic ligands | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 377 | issue = Pt 3 | pages = 597–605 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14561217 | pmc = 1223895 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20031251 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagaraja GM, Kandpal RP | title = Chromosome 13q12 encoded Rho GTPase activating protein suppresses growth of breast carcinoma cells, and yeast two-hybrid screen shows its interaction with several proteins | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 313 | issue = 3 | pages = 654–65 | date = January 2004 | pmid = 14697242 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.001 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Colland F, Jacq X, Trouplin V, Mougin C, Groizeleau C, Hamburger A, Meil A, Wojcik J, Legrain P, Gauthier JM | title = Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 7 | pages = 1324–32 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15231748 | pmc = 442148 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2334104 }}
- {{cite journal | vauthors = Leung TH, Ching YP, Yam JW, Wong CM, Yau TO, Jin DY, Ng IO | title = Deleted in liver cancer 2 (DLC2) suppresses cell transformation by means of inhibition of RhoA activity | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 102 | issue = 42 | pages = 15207–12 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16217026 | pmc = 1250229 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0504501102 | bibcode = 2005PNAS..10215207L | doi-access = free }}
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{{PDB Gallery|geneid=90627}}