Sadhora

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| image1 = Moldavia-Wallachia 2 Paras 3 Kopeks 1773 (obv).jpg

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| footer = 2 Turkish Paras / 3 Russian Kopecks from Sadhora mint, struck 1773 from the bronze of seized Turkish cannons;{{cite book |author=William D. Craig |chapter=MOLDAVIA and WALLACHIA Principalities |title=Coins of the World 1750–1850 |location=Racine, Wis. USA |publisher=Western Publishing Co. |year=1971 |page=51 #3}} obverse: Coat of arms of Moldavia (aurochs) and Wallachia (eagle with half moon) under Russian crown / reverse: Value}}

The settlement was established in 1770 by former Saxon and Polish official of Danish origin and then commander-in-chief of the Russian army in Moldavia and Wallachia, Baron {{Ill|Piotr Mikołaj Gartenberg Sadogórski|de|Peter Nikolaus von Gartenberg}}, and named Sadogóra after him.{{cite book|author= |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom X|year=1889|language=pl|location=Warszawa|page=195}} During the Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774, he established a mint in a formerly wooded area by a river to mint coins to make payments for his soldiers. Beginning in 1771, the coins that were minted at Sadogóra displayed the coats of arms of both Moldavia and Wallachia on the same side. The mint was closed down at the end of the war, in 1774. The local Catholic church of Saint Michael was founded in 1778. A chapel of the dissolved nunnery from {{Ill|Revne, Chernivtsi Oblast|lt=Revna|uk|Ревне (Чернівецький район)}} was moved to Sadogóra in 1787.

Sadhora is located in Bukovina, a region which was part of the Principality of Moldavia until the 1770s when it was conquered by the Habsburg monarchy, becoming part of the Duchy of Bukovina under the Austrian Empire starting in 1849, then becoming an Austrian "crownland" from 1867 until the end of World War I, after which it was part of Romania in 1918–1940. According to the 1930 Romanian census, the population was 63.1% Ukrainian, 16.3% Jewish, 14.9% Polish, 4.0% Romanian and 1.1% German.{{cite book|author=|title=Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930|volume=II|language=ro|location=Bucuresti|page=120}}

{{main|Sadigura (Hasidic dynasty)}}

Image:Sadigura kloiz.jpg synagogue]]

Sadagóra had a significant Jewish community and it is important in the history of Hasidic Judaism. Before World War I, the Jewish population numbered over 5,000.{{cite web|url=http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314|title=The Sadigur Chassidic Court|first=Motty|last=Meringer|date=31 August 2009|accessdate=9 January 2013|work=Tog News|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102612/http://www.tog.co.il/en/Article.aspx?id=314|archivedate=2 May 2015}}

Rabbi Yisroel Friedman, the Ruzhiner Rebbe, relocated his court to Sadagóra in 1842. In 1838 he had been accused of complicity in the death of two Jews accused of being informers and was imprisoned for two years by the Russian authorities. On his release he fled to Chișinău, then to Iaşi and other places before finally settling in Sadagóra in 1842, where he re-established his Hasidic court in all its glory.

File:Sadigura rebbe's palace.jpg

The Ruzhiner Rebbe lived in Sadagóra for ten years, building a palatial home and a large synagogue. Tens of thousands of Hasidim frequented his court.Friedman, Yisroel. The Golden Dynasty: Ruzhin, the royal house of Chassidus. Jerusalem: The Kest-Lebovits Jewish Heritage and Roots Library, 2nd English edition, 2000, p. 15. When he died at the age of 54 on 9 October 1850,{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ARUu1mbtwdIC&q=israel+friedman+of+ruzhin&pg=PA170 |last=Assaf |first=David |page=170|title=The Regal Way: The life and times of Rabbi Israel of Ruzhin |publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2002|isbn=0804744688}} each of his sons moved to different towns to establish their own courts. His eldest son, Rabbi Sholom Yosef Friedman, remained in Sadagóra to continue leading the court his father had founded, but died ten months later. At this point, the second sonFriedman, The Golden Dynasty, p. 20. of the Ruzhiner Rebbe, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov Friedman, assumed the mantle of leadership of the Sadigura Hasidim, becoming known as the first Sadigura Rebbe.Friedman, The Golden Dynasty, pp. 15–17. After his death, his second son, Rabbi Yisrael Friedman (1852-1907), succeeded him as Rebbe. He, in turn, was succeeded by his eldest son, Rabbi Aharon of Sadigura (1877-1913), and by another son, Rabbi Avrohom Yaakov Friedman, who escaped to Vienna with the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and established his court in that city for the next 24 years,Friedman, The Golden Dynasty, pp. 38–39. effectively putting an end to the once-flourishing Jewish community in Sadagóra . The remaining Jews of Sadagóra were decimated by the Nazis during World War II. After the Anschluss of 1938, the Sadigura Rebbe procured a visa to Palestine, where he led his court in Tel Aviv until his death in 1961.Friedman, The Golden Dynasty, p. 45. Today, Sadigura Hasidism is centered in Bnei Brak, Israel.

{{Historical populations|1869|6009|1880|5019|1930|8968|source=}}

Altitude (feet), 941

• Aharon Appelfeld, writer and novelist
• Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1820-1883), first Sadigura Rebbe
• Avrohom Yaakov Friedman (1884-1961), third Sadigura Rebbe
• Yisroel Friedman (1797-1850), Rebbe of Ruzhin
• Yitzchok Friedman (1850-1917), first Boyaner Rebbe
• Yossele Rosenblatt, chazzan
• Wojciech Rubinowicz (1889–1974), Polish theoretical physicist who made contributions in quantum mechanics, mathematical physics, and the theory of radiation

{{reflist}}

• Leo Bruckenthal. Geschichte der Juden in der Bukowina ("History of the Jews in Bukovina"), Hugo Gold: Tel Aviv, 1962, pp. 98–105.

• {{in lang|ro}} [http://romaniancoins.ancients.info/sadagura.htm Emisiuni monetare Sadagura] ("Issuing of money in Sadagura"), includes images of the coins mentioned in the article.
• [https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf Sadgora/Sadhora] (pp. 418) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation.

• Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). [https://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/SADGORA.pdf "Town Clips: Sadgora."] Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 418. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

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Category:Bukovina

Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine

Category:Jewish Romanian history

Category:Jewish Ukrainian history

Category:Merged settlements in Ukraine

Category:Duchy of Bukovina

Category:Populated places established in the 18th century