Salla

{{Infobox settlement

|name = Salla

| other_name =

| official_name = {{lang|fi|Sallan kunta}}
{{lang|sv|Salla kommun}}

| settlement_type = Municipality

| image_skyline = Salla Center 8849-Pano-5.jpg

| image_caption =

| image_shield = Salla.vaakuna.svg

| shield_size = 120x80px

| image_map = Salla sijainti Suomi.svg

| map_caption = Location of Salla in Finland

|coordinates = {{coord|66|50|N|028|40|E|region:FI-10_type:city|display=inline,title}}

|subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_name = {{flag|Finland}}

| subdivision_type1 = Region

| subdivision_name1 = Lapland

| subdivision_type2 = Sub-region

| subdivision_name2 = Eastern Lapland

| leader_title = Municipal manager

| leader_name = Erkki Parkkinen

| established_title = Charter

| established_date = 1857

|area_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|area_footnotes|Salla}}

|area_total_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_total_km2|Salla}}

|area_land_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_land_km2|Salla}}

|area_water_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|area_water_km2|Salla}}

|area_rank = {{Data Finland municipality|area_rank|Salla}}

|population_as_of = {{Data Finland municipality|population_as_of|Salla}}

|population_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|population_footnotes|Salla}}

|population_total = {{Data Finland municipality|population_total|Salla}}

|population_density_km2 = {{Data Finland municipality|population_density_km2|Salla}}

|population_rank = {{Data Finland municipality|population_rank|Salla}}

|demographics_type1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics_type1|Salla}}

|demographics1_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_footnotes|Salla}}

|demographics1_title1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title1|Salla}}

|demographics1_info1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info1|Salla}}

|demographics1_title2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title2|Salla}}

|demographics1_info2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info2|Salla}}

|demographics1_title3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title3|Salla}}

|demographics1_info3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info3|Salla}}

|demographics1_title4 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_title4|Salla}}

|demographics1_info4 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics1_info4|Salla}}

|demographics_type2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics_type2|Salla}}

|demographics2_footnotes = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_footnotes|Salla}}

|demographics2_title1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title1|Salla}}

|demographics2_info1 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info1|Salla}}

|demographics2_title2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title2|Salla}}

|demographics2_info2 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info2|Salla}}

|demographics2_title3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_title3|Salla}}

|demographics2_info3 = {{Data Finland municipality|demographics2_info3|Salla}}

|blank_name = {{Data Finland municipality|blank_name|Salla}}

|blank_info = {{Data Finland municipality|blank_info|Salla}}

|timezone = EET

|utc_offset = +02:00

|timezone_DST = EEST

|utc_offset_DST = +03:00

| website = {{Url|https://www.salla.fi/en/}}

}}

Salla, known as Kuolajärvi until 1936, is a municipality of Finland, located in Lapland. The municipality has a population of {{formatnum:

{{Data Finland municipality/population count|Salla}}}}

({{#time: j F Y|{{Data Finland municipality/population count|sourcedate}}

}}) and covers an area of {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/total area|Salla}}|km2}} of

which {{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/waters area|Salla}}|km2|abbr=on}}

is water. The population density is

{{convert|{{Data Finland municipality/population density|Salla|round=2}}|PD/km2}}.

The nearby settlement of Sallatunturi is home to the Salla Ski Resort.

History

File:Finnish areas ceded in 1944.png

Salla is in the Eastern Lapland and as a border area was affected by the Second World War. Red Army troops invaded Finland at Salla during the Winter War but were stopped by the Finnish Army (see Battle of Salla). Parts of the municipality were ceded to the Soviet Union after the war. The ceded part is sometimes called "Old Salla" or Vanha Salla. During the Continuation War the old town of Salla was on the Soviet side of the border. The German XXXVI Corps attacked the Soviet positions in an operation code-named Polarfuchs. With the help of the Finnish 6th Division it managed to occupy all of the ceded territories. At the end of the war the German troops were pushed out of Lapland by Finnish troops in the Lapland War.

The following villages were ceded to the Soviet Union: Alakurtti, Korja (Korya), Kuolajärvi (Kuoloyarvi), Lampela, Sallansuu, Yläkurtti (Yulyakurtti), Sovajärvi (Sovayarvi), Tuutijärvi (Tuutiyarvi) and Vuorijärvi (Vuoriyarvi).

In January 2021, the mayor of Salla, Erkki Parkkinen, launched a bid to host the 2032 Summer Olympic Games to raise awareness of climate change and highlight the threat the climate crisis poses to Salla and its ecosystem, which is dependent on low temperatures for most of the year.{{cite web|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/arctic-town-launches-summer-olympics-bid-climate/|title=Arctic Town Launches Genius Bid for 2032 Summer Olympics to Raise Awareness of Climate Change|access-date=4 February 2021}}

Transportation

Salla is the terminus of a freight-only railway line from Kemijärvi. In 2006, the Finnish Rail Administration announced proposals to close the line.[http://www.kotimaki.com/rautatie/news/v2006.htm Finnish Railway News – Year 2006] The railway formerly extended beyond Salla into Russia, but has never carried international traffic.

Geography

Neighbour municipalities are Kemijärvi, Kuusamo, Pelkosenniemi, Posio and Savukoski.

=Climate=

Salla has a subarctic climate (Dfc). Summer days are mild with about 1/3 of all days experiencing precipitation with nights tending to be cool. Winters are very long, cold, snowy, and extremely cloudy, lasting from the beginning of October through April, with mid-winter thaws being rare, and cold snaps relatively common. Spring and Autumn tend to be cool, not very variable, and short, lasting only a couple weeks to a few weeks in length.

The low temperature record of Salla is -50 °C (-58 °F), which was recorded in Naruska in 1985. It was also the record of Finland until 1999. On 28 January 1999, the unofficial record of Finland, -54,3 °C (-65,7 °F), was recorded in Naruska.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2016012820989350|title=Suomen virallisesta pakkasennätyksestä 17 vuotta - sallalaiset tuohtuivat "väärästä" ennätyksestä}}

{{Weather box

|location = Salla (1991–2020 normals, records 1961–present)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|Jan record high C = 6.3

|Feb record high C = 6.2

|Mar record high C = 9.7

|Apr record high C = 17.5

|May record high C = 28.0

|Jun record high C = 30.3

|Jul record high C = 31.5

|Aug record high C = 31.0

|Sep record high C = 22.9

|Oct record high C = 14.5

|Nov record high C = 8.4

|Dec record high C = 4.9

|Jan avg record high C = 1.0

|Feb avg record high C = 1.3

|Mar avg record high C = 4.8

|Apr avg record high C = 11.5

|May avg record high C = 20.6

|Jun avg record high C = 24.9

|Jul avg record high C = 26.3

|Aug avg record high C = 24.2

|Sep avg record high C = 18.0

|Oct avg record high C = 9.5

|Nov avg record high C = 4.0

|Dec avg record high C = 2.0

|year avg record high C = 27.3

|Jan high C = -8.0

|Feb high C = -7.5

|Mar high C = -2.1

|Apr high C = 3.8

|May high C = 10.4

|Jun high C = 16.6

|Jul high C = 19.7

|Aug high C = 16.8

|Sep high C = 10.8

|Oct high C = 2.8

|Nov high C = -2.5

|Dec high C = -5.6

|year high C =

|Jan mean C = -12.0

|Feb mean C = -11.6

|Mar mean C = -6.9

|Apr mean C = -0.7

|May mean C = 5.7

|Jun mean C = 11.7

|Jul mean C = 14.8

|Aug mean C = 12.1

|Sep mean C = 6.9

|Oct mean C = 0.3

|Nov mean C = -5.3

|Dec mean C = -9.1

|year mean C =

|Jan low C = -16.7

|Feb low C = -16.5

|Mar low C = -12.6

|Apr low C = -5.8

|May low C = 0.7

|Jun low C = 6.3

|Jul low C = 9.5

|Aug low C = 7.2

|Sep low C = 2.9

|Oct low C = -2.6

|Nov low C = -8.5

|Dec low C = -13.1

|year low C =

|Jan avg record low C = -32.9

|Feb avg record low C = -32.4

|Mar avg record low C = -28.4

|Apr avg record low C = -19.8

|May avg record low C = -7.1

|Jun avg record low C = -0.9

|Jul avg record low C = 1.8

|Aug avg record low C = -1.3

|Sep avg record low C = -5.5

|Oct avg record low C = -15.7

|Nov avg record low C = -23.0

|Dec avg record low C = -28.9

|year avg record low C = -35.6

|Jan record low C = -45.3

|Feb record low C = -46.3

|Mar record low C = -38.2

|Apr record low C = -30.8

|May record low C = -19.2

|Jun record low C = -6.7

|Jul record low C = -1.5

|Aug record low C = -6.5

|Sep record low C = -15.2

|Oct record low C = -29.7

|Nov record low C = -36.6

|Dec record low C = -40.2

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 37

|Feb precipitation mm = 31

|Mar precipitation mm = 31

|Apr precipitation mm = 30

|May precipitation mm = 41

|Jun precipitation mm = 61

|Jul precipitation mm = 77

|Aug precipitation mm = 59

|Sep precipitation mm = 54

|Oct precipitation mm = 50

|Nov precipitation mm = 40

|Dec precipitation mm = 39

|year precipitation mm=

|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 20

|Feb precipitation days = 17

|Mar precipitation days = 16

|Apr precipitation days = 14

|May precipitation days = 15

|Jun precipitation days = 16

|Jul precipitation days = 17

|Aug precipitation days = 16

|Sep precipitation days = 16

|Oct precipitation days = 18

|Nov precipitation days = 21

|Dec precipitation days = 20

|year precipitation days=

|Jan humidity= 87

|Feb humidity= 86

|Mar humidity= 80

|Apr humidity= 73

|May humidity= 68

|Jun humidity= 68

|Jul humidity= 74

|Aug humidity= 80

|Sep humidity= 85

|Oct humidity= 90

|Nov humidity= 92

|Dec humidity= 89

|year humidity=

|source 1 = FMI climatological normals for Finland 1991–2020{{cite web |title=FMI normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/ilmastollinen-vertailukausi |access-date=12 April 2023|publisher=fmi.fi|language=fi}}

|source 2 = record highs and lows{{efn|Extreme values from 1961-1999, at Salla kk weather station;{{cite web

| url = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101951

| title = FMI open data

| publisher = FMI

| access-date = 26 April 2016}} Extreme values from 1999-present, at Salla kirkonkylä weather station{{cite web

| url = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=101959

| title = FMI open data

| publisher = FMI

| access-date = 26 April 2016}}}}}}

{{Weather box

|location = Salla Naruska (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1991–present)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high C = 6.2

|Feb record high C = 5.5

|Mar record high C = 9.0

|Apr record high C = 16.8

|May record high C = 28.2

|Jun record high C = 31.3

|Jul record high C = 30.5

|Aug record high C = 30.4

|Sep record high C = 23.0

|Oct record high C = 14.3

|Nov record high C = 7.9

|Dec record high C = 6.2

|Jan high C = -8.4

|Feb high C = -7.8

|Mar high C = -2.2

|Apr high C = 3.5

|May high C = 10.1

|Jun high C = 16.5

|Jul high C = 19.5

|Aug high C = 16.9

|Sep high C = 10.8

|Oct high C = 2.5

|Nov high C = -2.7

|Dec high C = -5.9

|year high C = 4.4

|Jan mean C = -13.1

|Feb mean C = -12.9

|Mar mean C = -8.2

|Apr mean C = -1.7

|May mean C = 4.8

|Jun mean C = 11.0

|Jul mean C = 13.9

|Aug mean C = 11.1

|Sep mean C = 6.2

|Oct mean C = -0.3

|Nov mean C = -5.9

|Dec mean C = -9.9

|year mean C = -0.4

|Jan low C = -18.5

|Feb low C = -18.3

|Mar low C = -14.8

|Apr low C = -7.5

|May low C = -0.4

|Jun low C = 4.9

|Jul low C = 7.9

|Aug low C = 5.7

|Sep low C = 1.4

|Oct low C = -3.4

|Nov low C = -9.3

|Dec low C = -14.4

|year low C = -5.6

|Jan record low C = -41.4

|Feb record low C = -41.8

|Mar record low C = -37.2

|Apr record low C = -31.8

|May record low C = -14.1

|Jun record low C = -4.7

|Jul record low C = -2.1

|Aug record low C = -5.4

|Sep record low C = -10.1

|Oct record low C = -27.6

|Nov record low C = -35.1

|Dec record low C = -38.8

|year record low C = -41.8

|source 1 = https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot

|source 2 = https://kilotavu.com/fmi-tilastot.php?taulukkomoodi=true

}}

{{Weather box

|location = Salla Värriötunturi (elevation 360m (1181 ft), 1991-2020 normals, extremes 1974–present)

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high C = 4.0

|Feb record high C = 4.2

|Mar record high C = 7.4

|Apr record high C = 15.5

|May record high C = 25.8

|Jun record high C = 28.8

|Jul record high C = 30.0

|Aug record high C = 30.3

|Sep record high C = 21.7

|Oct record high C = 12.5

|Nov record high C = 6.7

|Dec record high C = 4.5

|year record high C = 30.3

|Jan high C = -8.2

|Feb high C = -8.1

|Mar high C = -3.7

|Apr high C = 1.9

|May high C = 7.9

|Jun high C = 14.6

|Jul high C = 18.0

|Aug high C = 15.1

|Sep high C = 9.1

|Oct high C = 1.3

|Nov high C = -3.5

|Dec high C = -5.9

|year high C = 3.2

|Jan mean C = -10.8

|Feb mean C = -10.7

|Mar mean C = -6.7

|Apr mean C = -1.5

|May mean C = 4.0

|Jun mean C = 10.1

|Jul mean C = 13.6

|Aug mean C = 11.2

|Sep mean C = 6.1

|Oct mean C = -0.7

|Nov mean C = -5.6

|Dec mean C = -8.3

|year mean C = 0.1

|Jan low C = -13.7

|Feb low C = -13.5

|Mar low C = -9.8

|Apr low C = -4.9

|May low C = 0.5

|Jun low C = 6.0

|Jul low C = 9.7

|Aug low C = 7.9

|Sep low C = 3.5

|Oct low C = -2.6

|Nov low C = -7.9

|Dec low C = -10.9

|year low C = -3.0

|Jan record low C = -38.3

|Feb record low C = -31.1

|Mar record low C = -26.5

|Apr record low C = -19.0

|May record low C = -13.4

|Jun record low C = -3.9

|Jul record low C = -0.1

|Aug record low C = -2.9

|Sep record low C = -7.3

|Oct record low C = -18.5

|Nov record low C = -27.6

|Dec record low C = -31.1

|year record low C = -38.3

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 37

|Feb precipitation mm = 32

|Mar precipitation mm = 34

|Apr precipitation mm = 38

|May precipitation mm = 52

|Jun precipitation mm = 72

|Jul precipitation mm = 78

|Aug precipitation mm = 67

|Sep precipitation mm = 58

|Oct precipitation mm = 59

|Nov precipitation mm = 40

|Dec precipitation mm = 40

|year precipitation mm = 607

|unit precipitation days= 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 22

|Feb precipitation days = 19

|Mar precipitation days = 18

|Apr precipitation days = 16

|May precipitation days = 16

|Jun precipitation days = 15

|Jul precipitation days = 18

|Aug precipitation days = 16

|Sep precipitation days = 16

|Oct precipitation days = 20

|Nov precipitation days = 22

|Dec precipitation days = 22

|year precipitation days = 220

|source 1 = https://www.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/1991-2020-lampotilatilastot

|source 2 = https://kilotavu.com/asema-taulukko.php?asema=102012

}}

==Note==

Historical places

File:Salpalinja aholanvaara1.jpg anti-tank obstacles in Aholanvaara.]]

Name	Place	Description
border="1" class="wikitable"
Evangelic-Lutheran church of Salla
Paikanselkä memorial area	Paikanselkä	The Winter War front line 13 March 1940, when war ended. Located where the commander of the Swedish Volunteer Corps, lieutenant colonel Magnus Dyrssen was killed on 1 March 1940.{{cite web \|url=http://loma.salla.fi/fi/eramaa/kayntikohteet-_nahtavyydet/sotamuistomerkit_ja_kohteet/ \|title=Sotamuistomerkit ja kohteet {{!}} Nähtävyydet & Käyntikohteet {{!}} Salla \|website=loma.salla.fi \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221135910/http://loma.salla.fi/fi/eramaa/kayntikohteet-_nahtavyydet/sotamuistomerkit_ja_kohteet/ \|archive-date=2014-02-21}}
Salpa Line		Defense line on the eastern border of Finland

In popular culture

Salla was referenced in the song 66°50’N, 28°40’E by Finnish death-doom band Swallow the Sun on their 2015 triple album Songs From the North I, II and III.

References

External links

{{commons category-inline|Salla}}
[https://www.salla.fi/en/ Municipality of Salla] – Official website

{{Geographic location

| Centre = Salla

| N = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Verkhnetulomsky Urban-type Settlement|lt=Verkhnetulomsky|ru|Городское поселение Верхнетуломский}}

| E = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Alakurttinsky Territorial Okrug|lt=Alakurtti|ru|Сельское поселение Алакуртти}}

| SE = {{Flagicon|RUS}} {{Ill|Kestengskoye|ru|Кестеньгское сельское поселение}}

| S = Kuusamo (North Ostrobothnia)

| SW = Posio

| W = Pelkosenniemi
Kemijärvi

| NW = Savukoski

}}

Category:Populated places established in 1857

Category:Finland–Russia border crossings

Category:Municipalities of Lapland (Finland)

Category:1857 establishments in Finland