Salta

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Salta

| native_name_lang = es

| settlement_type = City

| image_skyline = {{multiple image

| border = infobox

| perrow = 1/2/2/2

| total_width = 250

| image1 = Panorámica Ciudad de Salta.jpg

| caption1 = Skyline of Salta from the San Bernardo hill's chairlift

| image2 = Iglesia_San_Francisco,_Salta,_Argentina_-_panoramio.jpg

| caption2 = Basilica of San Francisco

| image3 = Catedral Basílica de Salta y Santuario del Señor y la Virgen del Milagro.jpg

| caption3 = Salta Cathedral

| image4 = Salta-Square1.jpg

| caption4 = America Cultural Center

| image5 = Salta_-_Capital_-_Salta_-_Cabildo_de_la_Ciudad_de_Salta.jpg

| caption5 = Salta Cabildo

| image6 = Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña.JPG

| caption6 = Museum of High Altitude Archaeology

| image7 = Provincia de Salta - Salta - Convento de San Bernardo.JPG

| caption7 = Convent of San Bernardo

}}

| image_alt =

| image_caption =

| image_shield = Escudo-Salta.png

| shield_alt =

| nickname =

| motto =

| image_map =

| map_alt =

| map_caption =

| pushpin_map = Argentina Salta Province#Argentina

| pushpin_map_alt =

| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Salta in Argentina

| coordinates = {{coord|24|47|S|65|25|W|region:AR_type:city|display=inline,title}}

| coor_pinpoint =

| coordinates_footnotes =

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Argentina}}

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Salta

| subdivision_type2 = Department

| subdivision_name2 = Capital

| established_title = Founded

| established_date = 1582

| founder =

| government_footnotes =

| leader_party =

| leader_title = Intendant

| leader_name = Bettina Romero (SNU)

| unit_pref = Metric

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 120

| area_note =

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m = 1152

| population_footnotes =

| population_urban = 535,303

| population_as_of = 2010 census

| population_metro = 619,000

| population_est =

| population_est_as_of =

| population_demonym = Salteño

| population_note =

| demographics1_title1 = Year

| demographics1_info1 = 2023

| demographics1_title2 = Total

| demographics1_info2 = $13.2 billion{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_arg.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Argentina Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}

| demographics1_title3 = Per capita

| demographics1_info3 = $18,300

| timezone1 = ART

| utc_offset1 = −3

| timezone1_DST =

| utc_offset1_DST =

| postal_code_type = CPA base

| postal_code = A4400

| area_code_type = Dialing code

| area_code = +54 387

| blank_name = Climate

| blank_info = Cwb

| website = {{URL|http://www.gobiernodelaciudad.gob.ar/}}

| footnotes =

}}

Salta ({{IPA|es|ˈsalta|lang}}) is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Valle de Lerma Metropolitan Area (Spanish: Área Metropolitana del Valle de Lerma, AMVL), which is home to over 50.9% of the population of Salta Province and also includes the municipalities of La Caldera, Vaqueros, Campo Quijano, Rosario de Lerma, Cerrillos, La Merced and San Lorenzo. Salta is the seat of the Capital Department, the most populous department in the province.

History

Salta was founded on April 16, 1582, by the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma, who intended the settlement to be an outpost between Lima, Peru and Buenos Aires. The origin of the name Salta is a matter of conjecture, with several theories being advanced to explain it.

During the war of independence, the city became a commercial and military strategic point between Peru and the Argentine cities. Between 1816 and 1821, the city was led by local military leader General Martín Miguel de Güemes, who under the command of General José de San Martín, defended the city and surrounding area from Spanish forces coming from further north.

Salta emerged from the War of Independence politically in disarray and financially bankrupt, a condition that lingered throughout much of the 19th century. However, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the arrival of Italian, Spanish, British, and Arab immigrants, particularly Syrians and Lebanese, revived trade and agriculture all over the area while further enhancing the city's multicultural flavor.{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JudkOxzU3p4C&dq=salta+argentina+revive+after+war+immigrants&pg=PA151 | title=Argentina, 1516-1982: From Spanish Colonization to the Falklands War | isbn=978-0-520-05189-8 | last1=Rock | first1=David | date=1985 | publisher=University of California Press}}

Geography

=Climate=

Salta has a subtropical highland climate (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), and it is characterized by pleasant weather year-round.{{cite web |url=http://municipalidadsalta.gob.ar/historia/ |title=Historia y Geografía |publisher=Municipality of Salta |language=es |access-date=5 February 2018}} Located in the subtropical north, but at an altitude of 1,200 metres, Salta enjoys 4 distinct seasons: summers are warm with frequent thunderstorms, with daytime highs around {{convert|26|to|28|C|F|1}} and pleasant, refreshing nights around {{convert|15|or|16|C|F}}. Fall brings dry weather, pleasant days at around {{convert|22|C|F|1}} and mild nights at around {{convert|10|C|F|1}}. By winter, the dryness is extreme, with very few rain episodes. Nights are cool at {{convert|3|C|F|1}} on average, but daytime heating allows for high temperatures of {{convert|19|C|F|1}}. Snow is rare and frost is quite common, with temperatures reaching down to {{convert|-7|C|F|1}} during the coldest nights. Spring brings sunny weather with warm days and mild nights: days range from {{convert|25|to|28|C|F|1}} with nights between {{convert|10|and|14|C|F|1}}. Salta's winters are rather warm for its elevation and far inland position for a location being just outside the tropics.

Of the over {{convert|700|mm|in|0}} of rain that Salta receives yearly, over 80% falls between December and March, when thunderstorms occur almost daily. During the rest of the year, blue skies dominate the region. Seemingly incessant summer thunderstorms greatly rejuvenate the surrounding mountainous landscape, making the various hills and mountainsides within the vicinity of the city green and lush once again. Salta receives 1863 hours of bright sunshine each year or about 5.1 hours per day.{{cite web | url = http://www.arquinstal.com.ar/atlas/datos/00anual.html | language = es | title = Datos Climáticos de Argentina: Annuales | access-date = April 12, 2013}} The highest recorded temperature was {{convert|39.9|C|F|1}} on November 28, 1972, while the lowest recorded temperature was {{convert|-9.4|C|F|1}} on August 5, 1966.{{cite web |url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=1884 |title = Station Salta |publisher = Meteo Climat |language = fr |access-date = October 8, 2016}}

{{cite web

| url = http://www.ora.gov.ar/eval_decadial.php

| title = Salta, Salta

| work = Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales

| publisher = Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario

| language = es

| access-date = June 19, 2015}}

{{Weather box

|location = Salta, Argentina (Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1873–present

|metric first = Yes

|single line = Yes

|collapsed = Yes

|Jan record high C = 36.4

|Feb record high C = 35.1

|Mar record high C = 34.0

|Apr record high C = 34.3

|May record high C = 34.2

|Jun record high C = 34.6

|Jul record high C = 37.2

|Aug record high C = 37.8

|Sep record high C = 37.8

|Oct record high C = 39.3

|Nov record high C = 39.9

|Dec record high C = 39.6

|year record high C = 39.9

|Jan high C = 27.7

|Feb high C = 26.5

|Mar high C = 25.1

|Apr high C = 22.9

|May high C = 20.3

|Jun high C = 19.8

|Jul high C = 19.9

|Aug high C = 22.7

|Sep high C = 24.7

|Oct high C = 26.9

|Nov high C = 27.6

|Dec high C = 28.4

|year high C = 24.4

|Jan mean C = 21.5

|Feb mean C = 20.6

|Mar mean C = 19.4

|Apr mean C = 16.8

|May mean C = 13.3

|Jun mean C = 10.9

|Jul mean C = 10.1

|Aug mean C = 12.8

|Sep mean C = 15.8

|Oct mean C = 19.3

|Nov mean C = 20.6

|Dec mean C = 21.7

|year mean C = 16.9

|Jan low C = 16.8

|Feb low C = 16.1

|Mar low C = 15.2

|Apr low C = 12.2

|May low C = 8.1

|Jun low C = 4.5

|Jul low C = 2.9

|Aug low C = 4.8

|Sep low C = 7.7

|Oct low C = 12.1

|Nov low C = 14.2

|Dec low C = 16.0

|year low C = 10.9

|Jan record low C = 6.1

|Feb record low C = 4.8

|Mar record low C = 2.2

|Apr record low C = -1.5

|May record low C = -4.6

|Jun record low C = -7.5

|Jul record low C = -8.7

|Aug record low C = -9.4

|Sep record low C = -4.5

|Oct record low C = -1.3

|Nov record low C = 1.5

|Dec record low C = 6.2

|year record low C = -9.4

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 197.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 147.3

|Mar precipitation mm = 107.3

|Apr precipitation mm = 42.1

|May precipitation mm = 9.7

|Jun precipitation mm = 2.5

|Jul precipitation mm = 2.7

|Aug precipitation mm = 2.3

|Sep precipitation mm = 5.7

|Oct precipitation mm = 23.9

|Nov precipitation mm = 59.3

|Dec precipitation mm = 138.4

|year precipitation mm = 738.3

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 15.4

|Feb precipitation days = 14.4

|Mar precipitation days = 13.7

|Apr precipitation days = 7.0

|May precipitation days = 3.8

|Jun precipitation days = 1.7

|Jul precipitation days = 1.7

|Aug precipitation days = 1.5

|Sep precipitation days = 2.1

|Oct precipitation days = 5.3

|Nov precipitation days = 9.0

|Dec precipitation days = 13.0

|year precipitation days = 88.6

|Jan snow days = 0.0

|Feb snow days = 0.0

|Mar snow days = 0.0

|Apr snow days = 0.0

|May snow days = 0.1

|Jun snow days = 0.1

|Jul snow days = 0.4

|Aug snow days = 0.1

|Sep snow days = 0.1

|Oct snow days = 0.0

|Nov snow days = 0.0

|Dec snow days = 0.0

|year snow days = 0.7

|Jan humidity = 77.2

|Feb humidity = 80.6

|Mar humidity = 82.9

|Apr humidity = 82.3

|May humidity = 80.5

|Jun humidity = 75.6

|Jul humidity = 69.3

|Aug humidity = 60.4

|Sep humidity = 55.8

|Oct humidity = 60.6

|Nov humidity = 66.1

|Dec humidity = 71.5

|year humidity = 71.9

|Jan sun = 195.3

|Feb sun = 166.7

|Mar sun = 158.1

|Apr sun = 159.0

|May sun = 158.1

|Jun sun = 171.0

|Jul sun = 204.6

|Aug sun = 223.2

|Sep sun = 210.0

|Oct sun = 210.8

|Nov sun = 213.0

|Dec sun = 217.0

|year sun =

|Jand sun = 6.3

|Febd sun = 5.9

|Mard sun = 5.1

|Aprd sun = 5.3

|Mayd sun = 5.1

|Jund sun = 5.7

|Juld sun = 6.6

|Augd sun = 7.2

|Sepd sun = 7.0

|Octd sun = 6.8

|Novd sun = 7.1

|Decd sun = 7.0

|yeard sun = 6.3

|Jan percentsun = 46.0

|Feb percentsun = 42.4

|Mar percentsun = 38.7

|Apr percentsun = 47.6

|May percentsun = 44.3

|Jun percentsun = 52.7

|Jul percentsun = 61.2

|Aug percentsun = 59.9

|Sep percentsun = 56.7

|Oct percentsun = 52.3

|Nov percentsun = 49.6

|Dec percentsun = 56.5

|year percentsun = 50.7

|source 1 = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (percent sun 1991–2000){{cite web

| url = https://ssl.smn.gob.ar/dpd/observaciones/estadisticas_normales_9120.zip

| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020

| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

| language = es

| access-date = 16 May 2023}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230708235600/http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/bitstream/handle/20.500.12160/2506/estad%C3%ADsticas_climatol%C3%B3gicas_normales_1991-2020.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y

| archive-date = 8 July 2023

| url = http://repositorio.smn.gob.ar/handle/20.500.12160/2506

| title = Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1991–2020

| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

| language = es

| access-date = 4 August 2023

| year = 2023

| last1 = Nacional

| first1 = Servicio Meteorológico

}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230509192820/http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/bitstream/handle/10915/78367/Archivo_de_datos_climatol%C3%B3gicos.zip?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

| archive-date = 9 May 2023

| url = http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/78367

| title = Estadística climatológica de la República Argentina Período 1991-2000

| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

| doi = 10.35537/10915/78367

| language = es

| access-date = 16 May 2023}}

|source 2 = Meteo Climat (record highs and lows){{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=87047&ano=2023&mes=12&day=18&hora=13&min=0&ndays=30|title= 87047: Salta Aerodrome (Argentina)|author= |date= 17 December 2023|website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date= 19 December 2023|quote=}}

}}

{{Weather box

|location = Salta INTA (located in Cerrillos) 1969–2009

|metric first = yes

|single line = yes

|collapsed = yes

|Jan record high C = 37.6

|Feb record high C = 33.9

|Mar record high C = 33.9

|Apr record high C = 33.0

|May record high C = 33.7

|Jun record high C = 33.5

|Jul record high C = 36.2

|Aug record high C = 36.2

|Sep record high C = 37.4

|Oct record high C = 37.9

|Nov record high C = 39.5

|Dec record high C = 38.0

|year record high C = 39.5

|Jan high C = 27.2

|Feb high C = 26.1

|Mar high C = 24.9

|Apr high C = 22.6

|May high C = 20.5

|Jun high C = 19.3

|Jul high C = 19.9

|Aug high C = 21.9

|Sep high C = 23.6

|Oct high C = 26.4

|Nov high C = 27.3

|Dec high C = 27.9

|year high C = 24.0

|Jan mean C = 21.3

|Feb mean C = 20.3

|Mar mean C = 19.4

|Apr mean C = 16.7

|May mean C = 13.5

|Jun mean C = 10.9

|Jul mean C = 10.7

|Aug mean C = 12.9

|Sep mean C = 15.4

|Oct mean C = 18.9

|Nov mean C = 20.4

|Dec mean C = 21.4

|year mean C = 16.8

|Jan low C = 16.7

|Feb low C = 15.9

|Mar low C = 15.4

|Apr low C = 12.2

|May low C = 8.2

|Jun low C = 4.8

|Jul low C = 3.8

|Aug low C = 5.4

|Sep low C = 8.0

|Oct low C = 12.0

|Nov low C = 14.3

|Dec low C = 16.0

|year low C = 11.1

|Jan record low C = 8.9

|Feb record low C = 5.2

|Mar record low C = 5.1

|Apr record low C = 0.4

|May record low C = -2.9

|Jun record low C = -5.3

|Jul record low C = -6.8

|Aug record low C = -5.1

|Sep record low C = -2.6

|Oct record low C = 0.2

|Nov record low C = 1.3

|Dec record low C = 6.8

|year record low C = -6.8

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 184.6

|Feb precipitation mm = 131.5

|Mar precipitation mm = 105.0

|Apr precipitation mm = 26.8

|May precipitation mm = 7.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 2.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 3.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 3.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 6.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 23.7

|Nov precipitation mm = 60.0

|Dec precipitation mm = 132.5

|year precipitation mm = 688.0

|Jan humidity = 78

|Feb humidity = 80

|Mar humidity = 82

|Apr humidity = 81

|May humidity = 79

|Jun humidity = 75

|Jul humidity = 68

|Aug humidity = 61

|Sep humidity = 57

|Oct humidity = 60

|Nov humidity = 66

|Dec humidity = 72

|year humidity = 72

|Jan sun = 195.3

|Feb sun = 166.7

|Mar sun = 151.9

|Apr sun = 150.0

|May sun = 164.3

|Jun sun = 168.0

|Jul sun = 204.6

|Aug sun = 217.0

|Sep sun = 210.0

|Oct sun = 217.0

|Nov sun = 204.0

|Dec sun = 207.7

|year sun = 2256.5

|Jan percentsun = 46

|Feb percentsun = 46

|Mar percentsun = 40

|Apr percentsun = 43

|May percentsun = 48

|Jun percentsun = 53

|Jul percentsun = 61

|Aug percentsun = 62

|Sep percentsun = 58

|Oct percentsun = 55

|Nov percentsun = 51

|Dec percentsun = 49

|year percentsun = 51

|source 1 = Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria{{cite web

| url = http://anterior.inta.gov.ar/prorenoa/met/estac_conv_cerrilosinta_resumen.htm

| language = es

| title = Estación Meteorológica (EM) Cerrillos-INTA