Salvador López Rochac
{{short description|Salvadoran politician}}
{{family name hatnote|López|Rochac|lang=Spanish}}
{{use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{use American English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Colonel
| name = Salvador López Rochac
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
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| caption =
| office = 29th Minister of War, the Navy, and Aviation of El Salvador
| term_start = 1 December 1931
| term_end = 2 December 1931
| president = Arturo Araujo
| predecessor = Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
| successor = Osmín Aguirre y Salinas
| office1 = Supplement Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of El{{nbsp}}Salvador from Sonsonate
| term_start1 = 1 March 1931
| term_end1 = 2 December 1931
| birth_name =
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| party = Salvadoran Laborist Party
| spouse =
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| relatives = Arturo Araujo (brother-in-law)
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Politician
| allegiance = {{flag|El Salvador}}
| rank = Colonel
| serviceyears =
}}
Salvador López Rochac was a Salvadoran politician and military officer. He served as a supplement deputy of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador in 1931 and as the minister of war, the navy, and aviation for one day in December 1931 before being overthrown in a coup d'état.
Political career
López was elected as a supplementary deputy of the Legislative Assembly from Sonsonate during the 1931 general election.{{sfn|Cruz Zepeda|2006|p=142}}{{sfn|Rodríguez|1931|p=5}} He assumed office on 1 March 1931, and on 20 March, he was elected as the first presidential designate — the individual who would assume the presidency of El Salvador in the event of a vacancy.{{sfn|Opinión Estudiantil|1931|pp=1 & 4}} Salvadoran president Arturo Araujo (López's brother-in-law) also appointed López as the General Director of the Police.{{sfn|Opinión Estudiantil|1931|p=4}} According to Leopoldo Ovidio Rodríguez, a writer for the Opinión Estudiantil newspaper, López's appointment was illegal due to article 63 of the constitution of El Salvador prohibiting incumbent deputies of the Legislative Assembly from holding any other office with the exception of diplomatic offices.{{sfn|Rodríguez|1931|pp=5–6}}
On 1 December 1931, Araujo removed Brigadier General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez from his position as minister of war, the navy, and aviation (defense minister) due to him questioning Martínez's loyalty to his government. Araujo appointed López to the position to replace Martínez.{{sfn|Gould|Lauria Santiago|2008|p=139}} The following day, the Armed Forces of El Salvador launched a coup d'état against Araujo. The military established the Civic Directory to rule El Salvador and replaced López as defense minister with Colonel Osmín Aguirre y Salinas.{{sfn|Leistenschneider|Leistenschneider|1980|pp=188–189}} Although López was the first presidential designate, he did not assume the presidency as he fled El Salvador along with Araujo. Doctor José Maximiliano Olano, the president of the Legislative Assembly and the second designate, would have assumed office, but the Civic Directory did not permit him to;{{sfn|Cruz Zepeda|2006|p=142}}{{sfn|Diario co Latino|2021}} instead, it appointed Martínez as provisional president on 4 December 1931.{{sfn|Bernal Ramírez|Quijano de Batres|2009|p=109}}
References
= Citations =
{{reflist}}
= Bibliography =
{{Refbegin|35em|indent=yes}}
- {{cite book|editor-last1=Bernal Ramírez|editor-first1=Luis Guillermo|editor-last2=Quijano de Batres|editor-first2=Ana Elia|name-list-style=amp|date=2009|title=Historia 2 El Salvador|trans-title=History 2 El Salvador|url=https://www.mined.gob.sv/descarga/cipotes/historia_ESA_TomoII_0_.pdf|language=es|series=Historia El Salvador|location=El Salvador|publisher=Ministry of Education|isbn=9789992363683|access-date=2 October 2024}}
- {{cite web|last1=Cruz Zepeda|first1=Ciro|author1-link=Ciro Cruz Zepeda|url=https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/2017-12/Tomo_III_Historia_AsambleaLegislativa.pdf|language=es|publisher=Legislative Assembly of El Salvador|date=2006|access-date=2 October 2024|title=Historia del Órgano Legislativo de la República de El Salvador|trans-title=History of the Legislative Organ of the Republic of El Salvador|edition=3rd|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212256/https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/2017-12/Tomo_III_Historia_AsambleaLegislativa.pdf|archive-date=24 June 2021}}
- {{cite book|last1=Gould|first1=Jeffrey|author1-link=Jeffrey Gould|last2=Lauria Santiago|first2=Aldo A.|name-list-style=amp|date=2008|title=To Rise in Darkness: Revolution, Repression, and Memory in El Salvador, 1920–1932|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G3A7tuUXaxIC|language=en|location=Durham, North Carolina and London|publisher=Duke University Press|doi=10.1215/9780822381242|isbn=9780822342281|oclc=174501636|access-date=2 October 2024}}
- {{cite web|url=https://www.diariocolatino.com/impago-1931-y-golpe-de-estado-vii/|title=Impago 1931 y Golpe de Estado (VII)|trans-title=Non-Payment 1931 and Coup d'État (VII)|language=es|date=13 August 2021|access-date=2 October 2024|work=Diario co Latino|ref={{harvid|Diario co Latino|2021}}}}
- {{cite book|last1=Leistenschneider|first1=María|last2=Leistenschneider|first2=Freddy|date=1980|title=Gobernantes de El Salvador: Biografías|trans-title=Governors of El Salvador: Biographies|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/589275475/Gobernantes-de-El-Salvador|language=es|publisher=Ministry of the Interior|oclc=7876291|access-date=2 October 2024|name-list-style=amp}}
- {{cite news|url=http://repositorio.uca.edu.sv/jspui/bitstream/11674/3916/1/Opinión%20Estudiantil%201931-05-N53.pdf|title=Nombramiento Ilegal que Constituye Delito|trans-title=Illegal Appointment Which Constitutes a Crime|language=es|date=30 May 1931|work=Opinión Estudiantil|location=San Salvador, El Salvador|access-date=2 October 2024|volume=6|issue=53|pages=1–6|first1=Leopoldo Ovidio|last1=Rodríguez}}
- {{cite news|url=http://repositorio.uca.edu.sv/jspui/bitstream/11674/3916/1/Opinión%20Estudiantil%201931-05-N53.pdf|title=Un Golpe de Mesa en la Asamblea y Los Derechos Ciudadanos de Salvador López Rochac se Encuentran Suspendidos|trans-title=A Table Coup in the Assembly and The Citizens Rights of Salvador López Rochac Have Been Suspended|language=es|date=21 March 1931|work=Opinión Estudiantil|location=San Salvador, El Salvador|access-date=3 October 2024|volume=6|issue=45|pages=1–4|ref={{harvid|Opinión Estudiantil|1931}}}}
{{Refend}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=Maximiliano Hernández Martínez}}
{{s-ttl|title=Minister of War, the Navy, and Aviation of El Salvador|years=1931}}
{{s-aft|after=Osmín Aguirre y Salinas}}
{{s-end}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|El Salvador|Politics}}
{{Ministers of Defense of El Salvador}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lopez Rochac, Salvador}}
Category:20th-century Salvadoran politicians
Category:Year of birth missing
Category:Year of death missing
Category:Defence ministers of El Salvador
Category:Members of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador