Samboja

The origin of this place name is still unclear, there are two theories: from a male given name, or from a purported Chinese sentence sam bo cia "not eating in three days".{{cite web|url=https://mediakaltim.com/saya-pulang-ke-samboja/|title=Saya Pulang ke Samboja|website=mediakaltim.com|access-date=2025-02-16}}

The small town of Samboja was founded about a century ago in what was then rainforest when oil was discovered in the area. The first drilling began in 1897 near Balikpapan Bay.[http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/.../uhm_phd_8520322_r.pdf Intermediate Cities in the Resource Frontier: A case study of Samarinda and Balikpapan] Ph.D dissertation by William Bruce Wood, University of Hawaii, 1985, p63 Dutch oil workers moved into the area to work for a company that was later taken over by Royal Dutch Shell and later still by the national Indonesian oil company Pertamina. The oil company began cutting wood in the 1950s and as people came flooding into the booming oil town of Balikpapan they cleared the surrounding forest. With the pronounced El Niño of 1982 and 1983 there were fires in the area, destroying the pockets of forest that remained.{{harvnb|Schuster|Smits|Ullal|2008|pp=300–301}}

From 24 April 1969, Samboja was divided into two by gubernatorial decree number 55/TH-Pem/SK/1969, of which parts north of the "Rawa III river" (2,947 km²) were given to Samarinda, while parts south of it (726 km²) were given to Balikpapan.{{cite book|first=Anwar|last=Soetoen|chapter=Pertumbuhan Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Kutai dan Beberapa Faktor yang Mempengaruhinya|title=Dari Swapraja ke Kabupaten Kutai|publisher=Proyek Penerbitan Buku Bacaan dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah|year=1979|p=286–287}} However, Samarinda returned the district to Kutai on 21 October 1987.{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/64196/pp-no-21-tahun-1987|title=PP No. 21 Tahun 1987|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|access-date=2024-08-23}} Sanga-Sanga and Muara Jawa were likewise part of Samarinda at that time.

According to 2009 TED talk with Willie Smits (the founder of Samboja Lestari reserve), Samboja in 2002 was the poorest district of East Kalimantan, with 50% of the population unemployed and a high crime rate. Almost a quarter of average income went on buying drinking water. The land was covered with alang-alang grass (Imperata cylindrica), putting it at high risk for repeated forest and land fires. There were many nutrition and hygiene related health problems and life expectancy was low, with high infant and maternal mortality.{{Cite web|title=Willie Smits TED Talk challenged|url=https://www.ted.com/about/programs-initiatives/ted-talks/willie-smits-ted-talk-challenged|access-date=2021-07-15|website=www.ted.com|language=en}}

In 2019, Indonesian President Joko Widodo announced the relocation of Indonesia's capital from Jakarta to a yet to be developed city in East Kalimantan, which will span portions of Samboja.{{Cite web|last=hermesauto|date=2019-08-30|title=Indonesian capital move could prompt new environmental crisis in Kalimantan|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesian-capital-move-could-prompt-new-environmental-crisis-in-kalimantan|access-date=2021-07-19|website=The Straits Times|language=en}} The initial plan proposed construction of the capital city start in 2021, but was postponed due to shifting government priorities mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.{{Cite web|title=Indonesia's new capital city project put on hold amid pandemic: Bappenas|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2020/09/09/indonesias-new-capital-city-project-put-on-hold-amid-pandemic-bappenas.html|access-date=2021-07-19|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}

On 19 October 2020, the western parts of Samboja (containing 10 villages) were separated to form the new district of West Samboja, with its seat located at Tani Bhakti.{{cite web|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/169285/perda-kab-kutai-kertanegara-no-6-tahun-2020|title=Perda Kab. Kutai Kartanegara No. 6 Tahun 2020|website=peraturan.bpk.go.id|access-date=2024-12-31}}

File:Kantor Kecamatan Samboja, Kutai Kartanegara.jpg

Samboja is divided into the following 13 villages (the rest are urban {{lang|id|kelurahan}}, rural {{lang|id|desa}} are marked by grey background):

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book|title=Thinkers of the Jungle: The Orangutan Report|last1=Schuster|first1=Gerd|first2=Willie|last2=Smits|first3=Jay|last3=Ullal|year=2008|publisher=H.F.Ullmann|isbn=978-3-8331-4623-7|pages=320}}

Category:Districts of Kutai Kartanegara Regency