Samarinda

The name Samarinda originates from the description of the way in which the Bugis houses were constructed. At that time houses were customarily built on a raft and generally had the same height. This provided important social symbolism of equality between residents; no person's house, and thus no person, was seen as higher or lower than another. They named the settlement “Samarenda”, meaning “equally low”. After hundreds of years of use the pronunciation of the name changed slightly and the city became known as Samarinda.{{Cite book|title=Asal-Usul Nama Samarinda Sejak Zaman sebelum Kemerdekaan, Nama Ini Sudah Terkenal di Seluruh Indonesia|last=Dahlan|first=Oemar|publisher=Ministry of Education and Culture|year=1978|location=Jakarta}}

At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea. Meanwhile, the Netherlands' Bugis ally Arung Palakka led a ground attack. The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Kota Samarinda|last=Ars|first=Moh|publisher=Ministry of Education and Culture|year=1986|location=Jakarta}}

The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics.{{cn|date=September 2024}} Some Buginese moved to other islands close by such as Kalimantan. A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Samarinda was a small, sleepy town in 1942 with several small oil fields in the vicinity. It was occupied by the Japanese after the Dutch East Indies had fallen.{{cite web|first=Klemen |last=L |url= https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/borneo.html |title=The conquest of Borneo Island, 1941-1942 |date=1999–2000 |work=Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942}}

In 1955, the Apostolic Vicariate of Samarinda was established in the city. In 1961, it was promoted as the Diocese of Samarinda. In 2003, the diocese was promoted as the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Samarinda.

During its early days after formation in 1960, Samarinda originally only consisted of 2 districts, namely Samarinda Kota (not to be confused with the current district) and Samarinda Seberang (with a total area of 167 km²). Then, Samarinda Kota was later split into Samarinda Ilir and Samarinda Ulu (date unknown). On 24 April 1969, districts Palaran, Sanga-Sanga, Muara Jawa and Samboja were transferred from Kutai Regency to Samarinda, therefore, its total area increased to around 2,727 km².{{cite book|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/8208/1/SEJARAH%2520KOTA%2520SAMARINDA.pdf|title=Sejarah Kota Samarinda|year=1986|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan — Proyek Penerbitan Buku Bacaan dan Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah}}

At the time of the 2010 Census, Samarinda City was divided into six districts (Indonesian: kecamatan), but four additional districts were subsequently created by splitting of existing ones. The ten districts are tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 CensusBiro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and the 2020 Census,Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472) The table also includes the number of urban villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes.

Notes: (a) the 2010 populations of Samarinda Kota and Sambutan Districts are included in the 2010 figure for Samarinda Ilir District, from which they were later split off. (b) the 2010 population of Loa Janan Ilir District is included in the figure for Samarinda Seberang District, from which it was later split off. (c) the 2010 population of Sungai Pinang District is included in the figure for Samarinda Utara District, from which it was later split off.

{{wide image|Samarinda landscape.png|1100px|align-cap=center|Panoramic view of Samarinda's skyline at day}}

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round. Hail is extremely rare, it was recorded on 21 November 2019.{{cite news |title=Hujan Es di Samarinda Seberang, Biasanya Terjadi di Awal Musim Hujan|url=https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2019/11/21/hujan-es-di-samarinda-seberang-biasanya-terjadi-di-awal-musim-hujan|access-date=28 September 2021|newspaper=Tribun News|date=21 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928082558/https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2019/11/21/hujan-es-di-samarinda-seberang-biasanya-terjadi-di-awal-musim-hujan|archive-date=28 September 2021 |url-status=live }}{{cite news|title=Viral, Hujan Es Bikin Heboh Warga Samarinda|url=https://kaltim.idntimes.com/news/kaltim/yuda-almerio-pratama-lebang/viral-hujan-es-bikin-heboh-warga-samarinda/2|access-date=28 September 2021|newspaper=IDN Times|date=21 November 2019|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210928085805/https://kaltim.idntimes.com/news/kaltim/yuda-almerio-pratama-lebang/viral-hujan-es-bikin-heboh-warga-samarinda/3|archive-date=28 September 2021|url-status=live}} The lowest recorded temperature in Samarinda is {{convert|18.0|°C|°F|sigfig=3}} in October 1982,{{cite news|title=Samarinda Alami Fenomena Aphelion, Apa Itu?|url=https://sapos.co.id/2021/07/07/samarinda-alami-fenomena-aphelion-apa-itu/|access-date=28 September 2021|newspaper=Samarinda Post|date=7 July 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210928090541/https://sapos.co.id/2021/07/07/samarinda-alami-fenomena-aphelion-apa-itu/|archive-date=28 September 2021|url-status=live}} while the highest recorded is {{convert|40.2|°C|°F|sigfig=3}} on 8 February 2008.{{cite web|url=https://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2019/10/23/bmkg-catat-suhu-terpanas-di-indonesia-wilayah-di-kalimantan-catatkan-rekor-maksimum|title=BMKG Catat Suhu Terpanas di Indonesia, Wilayah di Kalimantan Catatkan Rekor Maksimum|website=kaltim.tribunnews.com|access-date=2024-02-27}}

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Samarinda (Temindung Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1993–2023)

|Jan record high C = 35.6

|Feb record high C = 35.9

|Mar record high C = 36.6

|Apr record high C = 35.8

|May record high C = 35.8

|Jun record high C = 35.0

|Jul record high C = 35.6

|Aug record high C = 36.6

|Sep record high C = 36.4

|Oct record high C = 36.0

|Nov record high C = 35.8

|Dec record high C = 35.8

|Jan record low C = 20.4

|Feb record low C = 21.1

|Mar record low C = 21.6

|Apr record low C = 20.7

|May record low C = 21.4

|Jun record low C = 21.0

|Jul record low C = 19.6

|Aug record low C = 20.0

|Sep record low C = 20.2

|Oct record low C = 21.2

|Nov record low C = 19.0

|Dec record low C = 18.6

|Jan high C = 32.3

|Feb high C = 32.6

|Mar high C = 32.8

|Apr high C = 32.6

|May high C = 32.4

|Jun high C = 31.8

|Jul high C = 31.6

|Aug high C = 32.2

|Sep high C = 32.5

|Oct high C = 32.7

|Nov high C = 32.5

|Dec high C = 32.5

| year high C =

|Jan mean C = 28.5

|Feb mean C = 28.4

|Mar mean C = 28.9

|Apr mean C = 28.5

|May mean C = 28.5

|Jun mean C = 28.0

|Jul mean C = 27.6

|Aug mean C = 27.9

|Sep mean C = 28.3

|Oct mean C = 28.8

|Nov mean C = 28.7

|Dec mean C = 28.5

| year mean C =

|Jan low C = 24.1

|Feb low C = 24.2

|Mar low C = 24.6

|Apr low C = 24.2

|May low C = 24.4

|Jun low C = 24.1

|Jul low C = 23.7

|Aug low C = 23.6

|Sep low C = 23.9

|Oct low C = 24.5

|Nov low C = 24.4

|Dec low C = 24.1

| year low C =

|Jan precipitation mm = 166

|Feb precipitation mm = 173

|Mar precipitation mm = 202

|Apr precipitation mm = 236

|May precipitation mm = 181

|Jun precipitation mm = 168

|Jul precipitation mm = 160

|Aug precipitation mm = 148

|Sep precipitation mm = 118

|Oct precipitation mm = 145

|Nov precipitation mm = 196

|Dec precipitation mm = 209

|precipitation colour = green

| year precipitation days =

|source 1 = Starlings Roost Weather{{cite web |url=http://starlingsroost.ddns.net/weather/worldclimate/graphs.php?climate=9120&code=96253

|title= TEMINDUNG, ID Climate: 1991–2020

|publisher=Starlings Roost Weather

|access-date= 25 December 2024}}

|source 2 = {{Cite web|title=Samarinda climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Samarinda weather averages - Climate-Data.org|url=https://en.climate-data.org/asia/indonesia/east-kalimantan/samarinda-46950/|access-date=2021-12-25|website=en.climate-data.org}}

}}

The territory's population in mid 2024 was 868,499, with an annual growth rate of 0.77% in 2023–2024.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2025, Kota Samarinda Dalam Angka 2025 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.6472) The majority of the people of Samarinda are of Native Indonesian and Chinese descent with a small minority of Arabs. There are also Americans, Canadians, Europeans, Japanese, Filipinos and Koreans working in Samarinda. Life expectancy in Samarinda was 73.6 years as of 2014.

Samarinda's main religions are Islam and Christianity. The Muslim community forms the majority of the population numbering around 91%. The Christian community numbers at nearly 66,000 individuals or slightly over 7% of the total population; Protestants form a larger number than Roman Catholics at a rate of 10:3. There are also small Buddhist, Hindu and other religious communities.{{Cite web |title=Badan Pusat Statistik |url=https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/indicator/12/217/1/jumlsah-penduduk-menurut-kecamatan-dan-agama-yang-dianut-di-kota-samarinda.html |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=samarindakota.bps.go.id}}

{{Gallery |align=center |width=150 |height=150

|File:Islamic Centre Samarinda by bloesafir - panoramio.jpg|Baitul Muttaqien Mosque

|File:Gereja Katolik Santa Maria Samarinda.jpg|Cathedral of Saint Mary

|File:Vihara Muladharma, Samarinda.jpg|Muladharma Buddhist temple

|File:Kelenteng Thien Ie Kong Samarinda.jpg|Thien Ie Kong temple

}}

The urban area surrounding the city contains many suburban communities, particularly in the neighbouring districts (kecamatan) of Loa Kulu, Loa Janan, Muara Jawa, Sanga Sanga, Anggana and Muara Badak (all part of Kutai Kartanegara Regency). Together with the city's own residents, they constitute an urban area of over 1,050,000 inhabitants.

File:Malampalaran.jpg's largest container ports]]

Since 2004, trade has been the engine of Samarinda's economic growth.{{cite web|title=Samarinda in Figures 2005|work=BPS Samarinda|access-date=28 September 2021|url=https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2006/07/31/71d59f68c71045b7da96d872/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2005.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928092515/https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2006/07/31/71d59f68c71045b7da96d872/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2005.html|archive-date=28 September 2021|url-status=live}} It is also driven by the large amount of logging and oil extraction companies based there. Similar to Balikpapan, many national logging companies are based in Samarinda.{{cn|date=September 2024}} There are many abandoned coal mines in Samarinda. Coal mining used to be very popular in Samarinda. However, the Indonesian government revoked many mining licenses due to the use of illegal chemicals and machinery.{{cn|date=September 2024}}

Tourism sector also plays an important role in Samarinda's economy; it attracted over 2,000 international tourists and 1.2 million domestic tourists in 2019,{{cite web|title=Samarinda in Figures 2020|work=BPS Samarinda|access-date=26 September 2021|url=https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/4f263d1ab55ba7b650c25f14/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2020.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628191146/https://samarindakota.bps.go.id/publication/2020/04/27/4f263d1ab55ba7b650c25f14/kota-samarinda-dalam-angka-2020.html|archive-date=28 June 2021|url-status=live}} making Samarinda the 2nd most popular tourists destination in East Kalimantan.{{cite web|title=Orang Samarinda dan Bontang paling gemar berwisata, Derawan paling favorite|work=Niaga Asia|date=20 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021|url=https://www.niaga.asia/orang-samarinda-dan-bontang-paling-gemar-berwisata-derawan-paling-favorit/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20211120144530/https://www.niaga.asia/orang-samarinda-dan-bontang-paling-gemar-berwisata-derawan-paling-favorit/|archive-date=20 November 2021|url-status=live}} In 2020, agriculture constituted only 2 per cent of GDP, and consists of growing flower varieties (rose, jasmine, orchid) and fruits (pomelo citrus fruit).

{{wide image|Panoramic Samarinda City From Islamic Centre Tower - panoramio.jpg|800px|Mahakam River day view, viewed from Islamic Centre Tower, a major tourist attraction that offers views of Mahakam River and its surroundings}}

Samarinda is home to several malls and traditional markets. Among them include Samarinda Morning Market, Segiri Market, Samarinda Central Plaza, Mal Lembuswana, and Big Mall Samarinda.

{{See also|Public minibus}}

File:A bird's eye view of Samarinda International Airport.jpg

File:Terminal Bus Samarinda Seberang - panoramio.jpg

The main transport infrastructure of Samarinda is different than every other cities in Kalimantan, characterised by less national government involvement: Samarinda International Airport (East Kalimantan government),{{cite news|title=APT Pranoto, Perjuangan Kaltim Wujudkan Mimpi |url=https://kaltimprov.go.id/berita/apt-pranoto-perjuangan-kaltim-wujudkan-mimpi|access-date=9 October 2021|publisher=Government of East Borneo|date=2 December 2018}}{{cite news|title=Jokowi Pamerkan Bandara APT Pranoto, Dibangun Pakai APBD Pemprov Kaltim |url=https://merdeka.com/peristiwa/jokowi-pamerkan-bandara-apt-pranoto-dibangun-pakai-apbd-pemprov-kaltim.html|access-date=9 October 2021|publisher=Merdeka|date=25 October 2018}} SkyTrain rapid transit project (public-private partnership),{{cite news|title=5 Proyek Infrastruktur Samarinda Melalui Sistem KPBU |url=https://gpriority.co.id/5-proyek-infrastruktur-samarinda-melalui-sistem-kpbu/|access-date=9 October 2021|publisher=G Priority|date=7 October 2021}}{{cite news|title=Jadi Penyangga Ibu Kota Negara, Samarinda Diharapkan Bangun Infrastruktur Melalui KPBU |url=https://headlinekaltim.co/jadi-penyanggah-ibu-kota-negara-samarinda-diharapkan-bangun-infrastruktur-melalui-kbpu/|access-date=9 October 2021|publisher=Headline Kaltim|date=8 October 2021}} Samarinda Tunnel project (Samarinda Government){{cite news|title=Groundbreaking Terowongan di Gunung Manggah, Walikota: Pertama di Indonesia yang Diinisiasi Pemerintah Daerah|url=https://headlinekaltim.co/ground-breaking-terowongan-di-gunung-manggah-wali-kota-pertama-di-indonesia-yang-diinisiasi-pemerintah-daerah/?amp|access-date=20 January 2023|newspaper=Headline Kaltim|date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120151702/https://headlinekaltim.co/ground-breaking-terowongan-di-gunung-manggah-wali-kota-pertama-di-indonesia-yang-diinisiasi-pemerintah-daerah/|archive-date=20 January 2023|url-status=live}}{{cite news|title=Upaya Pemkot Samarinda Bangun Terowongan Pemecah Kemacetan|url=https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5185598/upaya-pemkot-samarinda-bangun-terowongan-pemecah-kemacetan|access-date=24 January 2023|newspaper=Liputan 6, SCTV|date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124005404/https://www.liputan6.com/amp/5185598/upaya-pemkot-samarinda-bangun-terowongan-pemecah-kemacetan|archive-date=24 January 2023|url-status=live}} and Port of Palaran (private).{{cite web|url=https://www.samudera.id/psp/en/5/aboutus|title=About Us|website=Samudera Ports|language=en|access-date=9 October 2021}}

There are about 850,000 vehicles registered in Samarinda, the highest number of vehicles of any city in East Kalimantan.{{cite web|url=https://kaltim.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/30d7f530df6226df3d80356e/provinsi-kalimantan-timur-dalam-angka-2022.html|title=East Kalimantan in Figures, 2022|website=BPS East Kalimantan|language=en|access-date=31 May 2022}} Samarinda has 3 bus terminals: Sungai Kunjang Bus Terminus, Lempake Bus Terminus and Seberang Bus Terminus.{{cite web|url=https://kaltimprov.go.id/halaman/terminal-smd|title=Terminal Bus, Samarinda|website=Government of East Kalimantan|language=id|access-date=31 May 2022}}

Samarinda is connected by Trans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route from Balikpapan to Samarinda; the highway runs in parallel with the first controlled-access expressway in Borneo, the Samarinda-Balikpapan Expressway, which is now under construction, and expected to be operational by the end of 2018.[http://preservasi-pupera.info/prv/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/PETA-PROVINSI-KALIMANTAN-UTARA.pdf North Kalimantan Province Road Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429025047/http://preservasi-pupera.info/prv/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/PETA-PROVINSI-KALIMANTAN-UTARA.pdf |date=29 April 2018 }} - by the Road Preservation Directorate, Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing, Indonesia.

APT Pranoto (Samarinda Sungai Siring, AAP) International Airport is the primary airport for the city and has been at Sungai Siring since 2018. With over 1 million passengers annually, it is one of East Kalimantan's busiest airports in terms of passenger and cargo movements. AAP is an important Australian passenger gateway for East Kalimantan's wildlife. AAP was built to replace Temindung Airport in Bandara, Sungai Pinang.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.{{cite book|title=Admiralty sailing directions - Indonesia|date=15 July 2015|publisher=UK Hydrographic office|location=Taunton|edition=10th}}

{{main category|People from Samarinda}}

{{reflist}}

• {{cite web|first=Klemen|last=L |url= https://warfare.gq/dutcheastindies/index.html |title= Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942 |date=1999–2000}}

{{Sister project links|voy=Samarinda|d=Q14499|Samarinda}}

• [http://www.samarindakota.go.id GovSamarinda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515154716/http://www.samarindakota.go.id/ |date=15 May 2010 }} Samarinda Government portal

{{Adjacent communities

| Centre = Samarinda

| North = Muara Badak

| Northeast = Muara Badak

| East = Anggana

| Southeast = Sanga-Sanga

| South = Sanga-Sanga

| Southwest = Loa Janan

| West = Loa Kulu

| Northwest = Tenggarong Seberang

}}

{{East Kalimantan}}

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