Samuel Hirszenberg
{{Short description|Polish-Jewish Realist and later Symbolist painter (1865-1908)}}
{{Infobox artist
| name = Samuel (Szmul) Hirszenberg
| image = Samuel Hirszenberg autoportret.gif
| image_size = 180px
| caption = Self-Portrait, 1907
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1865|2|22}}
| birth_place = Łódź, Russian Empire
| nationality =
| field = Painting
| training = Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Académie Colarossi
| movement = Realism
| works = The Wandering Jew, Exile, The Sabbath Rest, The Eternal Jew
| signature =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1908|9|15|1865|2|22}}
| death_place = Jerusalem
| burial_place =
}}
Samuel Hirszenberg (also Schmul Hirschenberg) (Łódź, February 22, 1865 – September 15, 1908, Jerusalem) was a Polish-Jewish realist and later symbolist painter active in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Biography
Szmul (Samuel) Hirszenberg was born in 1865, the eldest son of a weaving mill worker in Polish Łódź. Against the will of his father, but thanks to the financial assistance of a doctor, he chose to be an artist. At the age of 15 he began his studies at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he was heavily influenced by the realistic painting of Jan Matejko.Cohen (1998). P. 223.
After two years of training in Kraków, he continued his studies from 1885–1889 at the Royal Academy of Arts in Munich.Entry for [http://matrikel.adbk.de/05ordner/mb_1841-1884/jahr_1883/matrikel-04488 Samuel Hirschenberg] in matriculation register (Matrikelbuch) from 1883.
Art career
His first major work to attract attention was Yeshiva (1887). After an exhibition at the Kunstverein Munich (1889), he showed at the art exhibition in Paris and was awarded a silver medal. In Paris, he completed his artistic training at the Académie Colarossi.
In 1891, Hirszenberg returned to Poland. In 1893 he resettled in his hometown of Łódź. While the images of the early years, like the paintings Talmudic Studies, Sabbathnachmittag, Uriel Acosta, and The Jewish cemetery show a certain kinship with the Jewish genre painting by Leopold Horowitz, Isidor Kaufmann, and Maurycy Gottlieb, his later works can be rather assigned to the symbolism. Themes of the "tearful" Jewish history came to the fore. Noteworthy are the three most famous pictures of this period: The Wandering Jew (1899), Exile (1904), and Czarny Sztandar / Black Banner (1905).
In 1900, after working on a large painting, "The Eternal Jew," for over four years, it was exhibited in the Paris Salon. Disappointed by the poor response in Paris Munich and Berlin, he retired for health reasons.Ruth (1902). Col. 685.
In 1901, he went for a year on a trip to Italy. In 1904, Hirszenberg moved to Kraków. In 1907, he immigrated to Palestine and began to work as a lecturer at the newly founded Bezalel School in Jerusalem, headed by Boris Schatz. After a short and intense creative period, he died in 1908 in Jerusalem.Schwarz (1949). [https://archive.org/stream/artistsofthe19th006068mbp#page/n71/mode/2up P. 44-45].
Selected paintings
File:Dacosta und Spinoza.jpg|Uriel da Costa teaching the young Spinoza (1901)
File:Sanuel Hirszenberg The Sabbath Rest.jpg|The Sabbath Rest (1894)
File:Hirszenberg Capri.jpg|Capri (1901)
File:Samuel Hirszenberg, Cimetière juif, Lodz,1892.jpg|Jewish Cemetery (1892), Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme
File:Hirszenberg, Spinoza wyklêty (Excommunicated Spinoza), 1907.jpg|Spinoza, Excommunicated
File:Dome of the rock, 1908 by Samuel Hirszenberg.jpg|Dome of the rock, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, 1908
See also
- Israeli art
- Maurycy Trębacz (1861–1941), Polish-Jewish painter.{{cite web | url=http://www.nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/1999/nr-21999/maurycy-trebacz-zapomniany-malarz-zydowski | title=Maurycy Trębacz - zapomniany malarz żydowski | publisher=Narodowy Instytut Muzealnictwa i Ochrony Zabytkow, Warsaw | work=Cenne. Bezcenne. Utracone | accessdate=August 2, 2012 | language=Polish | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307112611/http://nimoz.pl/pl/wydawnictwa/czasopisma/cenne-bezcenne-utracone-archiwum/1999/nr-21999/maurycy-trebacz-zapomniany-malarz-zydowski | archivedate=March 7, 2016 }}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Cohen, Richard & Rajner, Mirjam, Samuel Hirszenberg (1865- 1908): A Polish Jewish Artist in Turmoil, London, Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2022
- Cohen, Richard I. (1998). Jewish icons: art and society in modern Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press. {{ISBN|0-520-20545-6}}. P. 223-235.
- Goodman, Susan Tumarkin (2001). The Emergence of Jewish Artists in Nineteenth-Century Europe. London; New York: Merrell. {{ISBN|978-1-85894-153-0}}.
- Ruth (1902). "[http://sammlungen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/cm/periodical/pageview/2586230 Samuel Hirszenberg: eine biographische Skizze]" [biographical sketch, in German]. In: East and West, vol. 2, issue 10. Columns 673-688.
- "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=800&letter=H Samuel Hirszenberg]" in Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906.
- Schwarz, Karl (1949). [https://archive.org/stream/artistsofthe19th006068mbp#page/n71/mode/2up Jewish Artists of the 19th and 20th Centuries]. New York: Philosophical Library, 1949. P. 43-49.
External links
- Hirszenberg's works in [http://cbj.jhi.pl/?q=Hirszenberg%2C+Samuel Central Jewish Library]
- [https://www.benuricollection.org.uk/intermediate.php?artistid=28 An artwork by Samuel Hirszenberg] at the [https://benuri.org/ Ben Uri] site
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Category:19th-century Polish Jews
Category:Painters from the Russian Empire
Category:Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts alumni
Category:Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
Category:Académie Colarossi alumni
Category:Academic staff of Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design
Category:19th-century Polish painters