Samurai Shokai

The shop was founded in late 1894 by Nomura Yozo{{Family name footnote|Nomura|lang=Japanese}} who had visited the United States as a translator. On these travels, he encountered the political scientist Nitobe Inazō. Nitobe aimed to be a "bridge spanning the Pacific", educating foreigners about Japanese art and culture, and inspired Nomura to take on this goal. Nomura chose "Samurai" for the shop's name as a Japanese word that foreigners would recognise and because of its connection to the Bushido ("way of the warrior") moral code that he wanted to promote.

Nomura started with no financial backing and no prior experience as a trader. He took out a loan of 175 yen and rented a building in central Yokohama, using some of the money to fix it up and adapt it. The additions included a tower resembling that of a castle. The shop's entrance displayed coats of arms, armour, and other distinctively Japanese objects.{{Cite journal |last=Bincsik |first=Monica |date=5 August 2008 |title=European collectors and Japanese merchants of lacquer in 'Old Japan': Collecting Japanese lacquer art in the Meiji period (1868–1912) |url=https://academic.oup.com/jhc/article/20/2/217/655499 |access-date=2024-05-10 |journal=Journal of the History of Collections |publisher=Oxford University Press|doi=10.1093/jhc/fhn013|url-access=subscription }} Having no money to purchase stock, Nomura persuaded his contacts to share objects on consignment. In the first several months, very little was sold, but foreign collectors and Japanese dignitaries started to make large purchases and the business grew in revenue and reputation.

The shop contained lacquerware, metalwork, porcelains, wood carvings and other art objects. It so resembled an art museum that the building had the nickname "The Fine Art Museum of Yokohama". A sign in front of the shop called it "the King of Curios".{{cite book |last1=Mochizuki |first1=Kotaro |title=Japan to-day; a souvenir of the Anglo-Japanese exhibition held in London 1910 (A special number of the "Japan financial and economic monthly") |date=1910 |publisher=The Liberal news agency |location=Tokyo |via=Internet Archive |url=https://archive.org/details/japantodaysouven00mochrich/page/498/mode/2up |access-date=2024-05-10}}

Whereas other dealers saw foreigners as uninformed customers who could be sold inferior goods, Nomura sought to educate them about Japanese art and win their confidence. By 1900, the shop had developed an international reputation and introduced a mail order service. In 1912, it was reported as doing a million yen of business each year and was one of the most popular locations in the city for American tourists, partly due to its eye-catching central location.{{Cite journal |first=Adachi |last=Kinnosuke|url=http://archive.org/details/sim_colliers-the-national-weekly_1912-03-02_48_24 |journal=Collier's: The National Weekly|title=Sales Art and Sales Artists |volume=48|number=24 |date=2 March 1912 |via=Internet Archive }}

The 1923 Great Kantō earthquake destroyed most of the city of Yokohama, including the shop and many of its art objects but, after a difficult few years, the owners rebuilt the shop and traded much as they had before.

{{quote box|quote=I hate seeing American soldiers chasing after Japanese women. If you are going to stay in Japan, please study Japanese art.|align=right|width=40%|author=Nomura Yozo{{cite journal |last1=Meech |first1=Julia |title=Who Was Harry Packard? |journal=Impressions |publisher=Japanese Art Society of America|jstor=42597945|date=2011 |issue=32 |page=92 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42597945 |access-date=10 May 2024 |issn=1095-2136}}}}

File:Samurai Shokai Advert despatches-december-6-1897-august-29-1898-p707.png

Nomura Yozo ({{langx|ja|野村洋三}}) was the founder and president of the company. Born in 1869 in Gifu Prefecture, he excelled as a student of English and took three trips to the United States as a translator. There he made useful contacts and learned foreign customs including shaking hands, which he practiced for the rest of his life and promoted in a book of essays. In the Panama–Pacific International Exhibition of 1915, he exhibited mantel ornaments made of forged copper.{{Cite book |last=Kyokwai |first=Hakurankwai |url=http://archive.org/details/japanherexhibits00haku |title=Japan and her exhibits at the Panama-Pacific International Exhibition, 1915 |date=1915 |publisher=The Japan Magazine Co. |location=Tokyo, Japan |pages=181 |via=The Internet Archive}} His success as a businessman led to the position of Director of the Yokohama Chamber of Commerce & Industry.{{cite journal |title=Institute Notes |journal=Pacific Affairs |date=1932 |volume=5 |issue=5 |page=479 |jstor=2750406 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2750406 |access-date=10 May 2024 |issn=0030-851X}} In this capacity, he represented the Japanese merchandising sector at a trade convention in Honolulu in 1932.{{Cite news |url=http://archive.org/details/sanfranciscobusi2233sanf |title=Japan Leaders to Attend Trade Meet in Hawaii |date=13 April 1932 |publisher=San Francisco Chamber of Commerce |work=San Francisco Business |location=San Francisco |page=3|via=Internet Archive}} He also founded Japan's Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.{{Cite web |title=Samurai Shokai Yokohama 100% Sterling Silver Sake Cups 6pc. set Late Meji Period {{!}} #1792706738 |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/samurai-shokai-yokohama-100-sterling-1792706738 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Worthpoint |language=en}} From 1938 onwards, he was also the proprietor of the Hotel New Grand and greeted guests personally until he was too unwell to do so. He died on 20 March 1965 at the age of 95.{{cite journal |last1=Shiraishi |first1=Bon |title=Nomura Yozo |journal=Japan Quarterly |date=1 October 1966 |volume=13 |issue=4 |pages=507–510 |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1304277608 |access-date=10 May 2024 |location=Tokyo|id={{ProQuest|1304277608}} }}

Nomura Michi was the wife of Nomura Yozo; they married in 1898. Customers at the shop described her as very charming and with a good command of English. An account published in 1932 said "'Samurai Shokai' without Mrs. Nomura is like a flower without color or fragrance." From 1906 to 1908, she made trips to China, Europe, and the United States, acquiring cultural influences that complemented her husband's. Aside from the shop, she led, or was active in, many organisations including the Yokohama branch of the YWCA, of which she was president.{{Cite book |last1=Kawai|first1=Michi |url=http://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-CYZ-747 |title=Japanese women speak: A message from the Christian women of Japan to the Christian women of America |first2=Ochimi |last2=Kubushiro |date=1934 |publisher=Central Committee on the United Study of Foreign Missions |pages=143–144 |chapter=Wives and Widows with Careers |via=Internet Archive}}

Nomura Mitsumasa was Nomura Yozo's son-in-law and became the manager of the Samurai Shokai company, adopting his father-in-law's family name.{{cite journal |last1=Meech |first1=Julia |title=Who Was Harry Packard? |journal=Impressions |date=2011 |issue=32 |page=90 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42597945 |publisher=Japanese Art Society of America|jstor=42597945|access-date=10 May 2024 |issn=1095-2136}}

Iwata Shigeho, a silk dealer in Yokohama, taught Nomura Yozo about the art trade and gave practical help in the creation of the company.

The American railroad magnate and art collector Charles Lang Freer, who later established the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., befriended Nomura Yozo in 1895 and hired him as a guide.{{cite web |title=The Miraculous Interventions of Jizo Bosatsu 地蔵菩薩霊験記 |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/edanmdm:fsg_F1907.375a/ |website=National Museum of Asian Art |publisher=Smithsonian |access-date=10 May 2024}} A number of works now in the gallery were bought from the Samurai Shokai company.{{cite web |title=Samurai Shokai |url=https://asia.si.edu/explore-art-culture/collections/search/?edan_fq[]=name:Samurai%20Shokai |website=National Museum of Asian Art |publisher=Smithsonian |access-date=10 May 2024}}

The company produced silverware, marked with the English words "Samurai Shokai Yokohama Sterling".{{Cite web |title=A Very Beautiful Sterling Silver .925 Samurai Shokai Yokohama Dragon Bowl {{!}} #309823604 |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/sterling-silver-925-samurai-shokai-309823604 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Worthpoint}}{{Cite web |title=Japanese Sterling Ink Well & Tray Dragon Samurai Shokai {{!}} #1879895381 |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/japanese-sterling-ink-well-tray-1879895381 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Worthpoint}}{{Cite web |title=Samurai Shokai Sterling Silver 1892 Repousse Covered Bowl Powder Box Estate Rare {{!}} #1801975198 |url=https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/samurai-shokai-sterling-silver-1892-1801975198 |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=Worthpoint}}

Two lacquer cabinets produced by the company are now in the Khalili Collection of Japanese art. One, sold in 1909, shows fourteen scenes from Japanese history, featuring Samurai warriors including Nitta Yoshisada, Honda Tadakatsu, and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.{{Sfn|Earle|1999|pp=142–147}} It stands {{Convert|227|cm|in}} tall and includes silvered and gilded fittings as well as four kinds of lacquer.{{Sfn|Earle|1999|p=182}}{{Cite web |title=Japanese Art of the Meiji Period {{!}} Cabinet |url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/japanese-art-of-the-meiji-period/khalili-collections-japanese-art-of-the-meiji-period-cabinet-lx43/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Khalili Collections |language=}}

The other cabinet, with inventory number LX037, was, according to an included letter, created for the Japan–British Exhibition of 1910 but not finished in time to be included. It is {{Convert|156|cm|in}} tall and includes lacquered landscape scenes and silver fittings.{{Sfn|Earle|1999|p=208}}{{Cite web |title=Japanese Art of the Meiji Period {{!}} Cabinet |url=https://www.khalilicollections.org/collections/japanese-art-of-the-meiji-period/khalili-collections-japanese-art-of-the-meiji-period-cabinet-lx37/ |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=Khalili Collections |language=}}

Khalili Collection Japanese Meiji Art LX043.jpg|Lacquer cabinet with fourteen scenes of Japanese history, Khalili Collection of Japanese Art

Khalili Collection Japanese Meiji Art LX037.jpg|Lacquer cabinet with landscape scenes, Khalili Collection of Japanese Art

1904 Nomura Samurai Shokai Russo-Japanese War Serio-Comic Map of Asi.jpg|Map humorously illustrating allegiances in the Russo-Japanese War, with message in English (top right) by Nomura Yozo, 1904

Samurai Shokai submitted a set of metalwork pieces to the Japan–British Exhibition of 1910, winning a gold prize.{{sfn|Earle|1999|p=208}}

A guide book published in 1928 described Samurai Shokai as the best shop in Yokohama for antique art and curios. It "unreservedly recommended" Nomura Yozo for "whosoever is interested in the real fine arts of Japan."{{Cite book |last=Terry |first=T. Philip |url=http://archive.org/details/terry_terrysguidetothejapaneseempire_1928 |title=Terry's guide to the Japanese empire : including Korea and Formosa, with chapters on Manchuria, the Trans-Siberian Railway, and the chief ocean routes to Japan : a handbook for travellers |date=1928 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |edition=Revised |location=Boston |pages=6 |oclc=6434172}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{Cite book |last=Earle |first=Joe |year=1999 |title=Splendors of Meiji: Treasures of Imperial Japan: Masterpieces from the Khalili Collection |location=St. Petersburg, Fla. |publisher=Broughton International |isbn=1874780137 |oclc=42476594}}

• {{Commons category-inline|Samurai Shokai company}}

Category:1965 disestablishments in Japan

Category:20th century in Japan

Category:Antiques dealers

Category:Companies based in Yokohama

Category:Japanese art dealers

Category:Japanese companies established in 1894