San Francisco Municipal Railway

File:6408-SFOCableCarTurntable.jpg

Most bus lines are scheduled to operate every five to fifteen minutes during peak hours, every five to twenty minutes middays, about every ten to twenty minutes from 9 pm to midnight, and roughly every half-hour for the late night "owl" routes. On weekends, most Muni bus lines are scheduled to run every ten to twenty minutes. However, complaints of unreliability, especially on less-often-served lines and older (pre-battery backup) trolleybus lines, are a system-wide problem. Muni has had some difficulty meeting a stated goal of 85% voter-demanded on-time service.A February 20, 2007, article in the San Francisco Chronicle.{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Rachel |date=2007-12-05 |title=Muni misses on-time goal |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/S-F-Muni-on-time-goal-behind-schedule-3300105.php |access-date=2007-10-14}}

All Muni lines run inside San Francisco city limits, with the exception of several lines serving locations in the northern part of neighboring Daly City, and the 76X Marin Headlands Express line to the Marin Headlands area on weekends and major holidays. Most intercity connections are provided by BART and Caltrain heavy rail, AC Transit buses at the Salesforce Transit Center, and Golden Gate Transit and SamTrans downtown.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}

Bus and cable car stops throughout the city vary from Metro stations with raised platforms in the subway and at the more heavily used surface stops, to small shelters to signposts to simply a yellow stripe on a utility pole or on the road surface. 70% of stops are spaced closer than recommended range of {{convert|800|–|1000|ft}} apart.{{Cite web |last=Hamilton |first=John |title=Interview with SFMTA Officials |url=http://www.streetfilms.org/making-muni-faster-and-more-reliable-through-bus-stop-consolidation/ |access-date=2011-04-04 |website=Making Muni Faster and More Reliable Through Bus Stop Consolidation (Film) |publisher=Streetfilms}}

The system is popularly known as "Muni", a shortening of the "Municipal" in "San Francisco Municipal Railway" (and not an acronym).{{cite press release |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/introducing-sfmtas-new-look |title=Introducing the SFMTA’s New Look |date=May 1, 2018 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} Muni's logo is a stylized, trademarked "worm" version of the word muni.{{Cite web |title=Muni Logo |url=http://transit.511.org/providers/logos/SF_930200335551.png |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502163130/http://transit.511.org/providers/logos/SF_930200335551.png |archive-date=May 2, 2006 |access-date=2006-06-13 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission}} This logo was designed by San Francisco-based graphic designer Walter Landor in the mid-1970s.{{Cite news |last=Fernandez |first=Elizabeth |date=April 16, 1996 |title=Walter Landor, 81, designer |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/examiner/archive/1995/06/11/METRO11293.dtl |url-status=dead |access-date=2009-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214074715/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fexaminer%2Farchive%2F1995%2F06%2F11%2FMETRO11293.dtl |archive-date=February 14, 2009}}

To cater to the large Hispanic and Latino American and Asian American populations in San Francisco, bus announcements are in four languages: English, Spanish, Cantonese and Tagalog.

{{Main|List of San Francisco Municipal Railway lines}}

Bus and trolleybus lines have number designations, rail lines have letters and the three cable car lines are typically referred to by name only (Powell-Mason, Powell-Hyde and California).

Except for cable cars, cash fares are $3.00 for adults; $1.50 for seniors over 65, people with disabilities, and Medicare card holders; and free for low- and moderate-income seniors, youth aged 18 and under, and people with disabilities residing in San Francisco.{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2017 |title=Fares |url=https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/muni/fares |access-date=September 10, 2019 |publisher=SFMTA.com}} Clipper card and MuniMobile fares are $2.50 for adults and $1.25 for seniors, and people with disabilities. Proof-of-payment, which fare inspectors may demand at any time, is either a Clipper card, MuniMobile, Muni Passport, or paper transfer. One fare entitles a rider to unlimited vehicle transfers for the next 120 minutes.{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2017 |title=Single Ride – Adult |url=https://www.sfmta.com/fares/single-ride-adult |website=SFMTA |language=en}}{{efn|The entire travel time including all transfers must be completed within 120 minutes to qualify as one fare.}} Cable cars are $8{{Cite web |last=left |first=Kristin Smith- |date=2017-08-04 |title=Cable Car Single Ride |url=https://www.sfmta.com/fares/cable-car-single-ride |access-date=2020-01-16 |website=SFMTA |language=en}} one way, with no transfers, unless the rider has a Muni Passport or a Muni monthly pass. As of July 2019 monthly passes cost $81 for adults ($98 with BART privileges within city limits), $40 for low-income residents ("Life Line Pass"),{{Cite web |last=Sherburn-Zimmer |first=Sarah |year=2007 |title=A Low-Income Bus Pass that Most Don't Use |url=http://www.beyondchron.org/articles/A_Low_Income_Bus_Pass_that_Most_Don_t_Use_4531.html |access-date=May 30, 2007 |publisher=BeyondChron.org}} or $40 for youth, seniors and the disabled.{{Cite web |date=May 2, 2017 |title=Fares |url=https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/muni/fares |access-date=September 10, 2019 |publisher=SFMTA.com}} Passes are valid on all Muni lines—including cable cars—and the $98 adult pass allows BART transit entirely within San Francisco (between Embarcadero and Balboa Park). Other passes and stickers are valid on all Muni lines, including cable cars, but not on BART (with the exception of BART-Plus{{Cite web |title=BART Plus Tickets |url=http://www.bart.gov/tickets/plus.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080701202605/http://www.bart.gov/tickets/plus.aspx |archive-date=July 1, 2008 |access-date=January 1, 2007 |publisher=BART |df=mdy-all}} ticket types).

Cable car fare is $8 per trip, with no transfers issued or accepted. "Passports" are folding scratch-off passes that can be purchased by mail, or at various places throughout the city; they are good on all regular-service lines without surcharge, including cable cars. As of September 2018, Passports cost $23 for a 1-day pass, $34 for a 3-day pass, or $45 for a 7-day pass, with discounts for using Clipper card or MuniMobile.

Muni has implemented a dual-mode smart card payment system known as Clipper (formerly TransLink). The transponders have been in use since at least 2004,{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Proof of Payment & Always Ask for a Transfer |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfares/pop.htm |access-date=November 13, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency}} and replaced most paper monthly passes in 2010. BART, Caltrain, Golden Gate Transit, VTA, AC Transit, SamTrans, SMART and San Francisco Bay Ferry also utilize the Clipper system.{{Cite web |title=Where To Use TransLink |url=https://www.clippercard.com/ClipperWeb/useTranslink.do |access-date=December 25, 2007 |publisher=TransLink}}

Fares can also be paid with a mobile app called MuniMobile since 2015.{{Cite web |last=Cabanatuan |first=Michael |date=November 15, 2015 |title=Muni testing fare app with hopes of cutting down cash purchases |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Muni-testing-fare-app-with-hopes-of-cutting-down-6634525.php |website=San Francisco Chronicle}} The app is developed by moovel,{{Cite report |url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2019/04/4-16-19_item_10.3_contract_-_mobile_ticketing_services.docx_.pdf |title=Mobile Ticketing Services Staff Report |date=April 9, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} who have built mobile ticketing apps for a number of other transit agencies such as Caltrain and TriMet. The app is planned to be deployed until around 2021 when the next generation Clipper card mobile app is planned to launch and replace agency-specific ticketing apps.

File:MUNI Route 49 NFI XT60 Van Ness @ Pine (53769782799).jpg on the 49 Van Ness/Mission line in 2024]]

Muni operates 14 express lines, 5 Rapid lines, and 12 Owl lines, which run between 1 am and 5 am. For San Francisco Giants games, additional "baseball shuttles" supplement N Judah and T Third service to Oracle Park.{{Cite web |title=Oracle Park – San Francisco Municipal Transit Agency |url=https://www.sfmta.com/getting-around/destinations/att-park |access-date=June 22, 2015}}

Express lines only run during peak hours; during mornings they run towards downtown (the Financial District) and during the evening they run away from downtown. All express lines have an "X", "AX", or "BX" following the line's number. Some lines are divided into A and B Expresses. The B Express line is shorter and has stops that are closer to downtown, while the A Express makes stops further away from downtown and will make few or no stops in the area where the B Express stops. The 8 Bayshore, as the 8X Bayshore Express, was the only Express route that ran daily until April 25, 2015, the date when it was no longer an Express route.

Rapid lines (having an R following their route number) are limited-stop services. They stop at only a subset of the stops of their corresponding "standard" line{{mdashb}}typically every third stop and at transfer points.

{{Main|San Francisco cable car system}}

File:San Francisco Cable Car Museum - San Francisco, CA - DSC02375.jpg in 2015]]

Muni also operates the San Francisco cable car system, a heritage streetcar system descendant of a larger network of manually operated cable cars. The first city-owned line was acquired in 1906, although the current configuration is an amalgamation of several former lines and has operated as such since in 1952. The system was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. There are three cable car lines being the Mason-Powell line, the California State line, and the Powell- Hyde line. Popular areas from the Embarcadero to Fisherman's Wharf are served by cable cars. In the system, there are 62 allocated stations. The system accrues five million annual riders and has always been a tourist destination as well as a convenient means for travel around the city.

{{Muni Heritage}}

{{Main|E Embarcadero|F Market & Wharves}}

Additionally, Muni operates two heritage streetcar lines distinct from the Muni Metro: the E Embarcadero and F Market & Wharves, however the former has been suspended since April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Formerly run for the Historic Trolley Festival, in the 1980s, regular service of heritage equipment began in 1995. Streetcars do not utilize tunnel segments and the F line utilizes infrastructure optimized for trolleybuses along Market Street (the former routing of all downtown streetcar lines before the formation of Muni Metro).

The longest Muni line is the {{convert|24.1|mi|km|1|adj=on}} {{Muni route|91 Owl}} a nighttime-only route that blends several other routes together, while the longest daytime route is the {{convert|17.4|mi|km|1|adj=on}} {{Muni route|29 Sunset}}. The shortest route is the peak-hour only {{Muni route|88 BART Shuttle}} at {{convert|1.4|mi|km|1}}, while the shortest off-peak route is the {{Muni route|39 Coit}} at {{convert|1.6|mi|km|1}}. The steepest grade climbed by Muni vehicle is 23.1% by a diesel-electric hybrid bus on the {{Muni route|67 Bernal Heights}} line, 22.8% by a trolleybus on the {{Muni route|24 Divisadero}} line and 21% by a cable car on the Powell-Hyde line.{{Cite web |title=General Information |url=http://archives.sfmta.com/cms/rhomemu/genmuinfo.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203183047/http://archives.sfmta.com/cms/rhomemu/genmuinfo.htm |archive-date=December 3, 2016 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency}}

The busiest Muni bus corridor is the Geary corridor. The two major routes that operate on the corridor, the {{Muni route|38 Geary}} and {{Muni route|38R Geary Rapid}}, travel {{convert|6.5|mi|km|1}} in the east–west direction along the Geary corridor, and has an average speed of only {{convert|8|mph|km/h}},{{Cite web |year=2005 |title=The Year in Review, Geary BRT |url=http://sfrichmondreview.com/archives/richmondreview/2005editions/Dec05/McGoldrickcol.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928080907/http://sfrichmondreview.com/archives/richmondreview/2005editions/Dec05/McGoldrickcol.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |access-date=December 31, 2006 |publisher=San Francisco Richmond Review |df=mdy-all}} taking over 50 minutes to travel from the Richmond District to the Transbay Terminal when operating on schedule.{{Cite web |title=38 Geary Inbound Schedule |url=http://transit.511.org/schedules/index.aspx#m1=S&m2=bus&routeid=43938&cid=SF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118170508/http://transit.511.org/schedules/index.aspx#m1=S&m2=bus&routeid=43938&cid=SF |archive-date=January 18, 2008 |access-date=December 31, 2006 |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Commission}} As of 2015, the corridor has a total of 55,270 average daily boardings,{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Muni Forward (click on "Details" tab) |url=http://sfmta.com/projects-planning/projects/muni-forward-0 |access-date=June 6, 2015 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} making it the second busiest transit corridor west of the Mississippi after the Los Angeles Metro Wilshire transit corridor.{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=Metro Ridership (select lines 20 & 720). |url=http://isotp.metro.net/MetroRidership/IndexSys.aspx |access-date=June 6, 2015 |publisher=Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}

At Powell and Market Streets and California and Market Streets, three types of rail gauges come within a few hundred feet of each other: Bay Area Rapid Transit's {{RailGauge|5ft6in|allk=on}} broad gauge (which is underground in the lower level of the Market Street subway), Muni Metro's {{RailGauge|US sg|allk=on}} (also underground in the upper level of the subway), and the San Francisco cable car system's {{RailGauge|3ft6in|allk=on}} narrow gauge (at street level a few hundred feet away to the north of Market Street in both cases). The F Market and Wharves, a heritage streetcar line, which is also standard gauge, is also present here, at street level on Market Street. The rail lines, however, do not physically intersect.

{{See also|San Francisco Municipal Railway fleet}}

File:Presidio Division (1), June 2020.jpg

Muni operates about 1,200 vehicles: 550 diesel-electric hybrid buses, 300 electric trolleybuses, 250 modern light rail vehicles, 50 historic streetcars and 40 cable cars. All vehicles, except for cable cars, are wheelchair accessible.

The electricity to run all of Muni's trolleybuses, light rail vehicles, streetcars, and the cable car powerhouse comes from the hydroelectric dam at the Hetch Hetchy Reservoir in Yosemite National Park.{{Cite web |title=Trolley Buses |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trolley.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218092119/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trolley.htm |archive-date=December 18, 2011 |access-date=December 29, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |df=mdy-all}}

All of Muni's current internal combustion buses use diesel-electric hybrid powertrains, fueled with renewable diesel fuel made from bio-feedstock sources, including fats, oils and greases.{{Cite web |last=Bialick |first=Aaron |date=2015-12-20 |title=Switch to Renewable Diesel Will Make Your Muni Ride Cleaner & More Reliable |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/switch-renewable-diesel-will-make-your-muni-ride-cleaner-more-reliable |access-date=2019-10-14 |website=SFMTA |language=en}} The combination of hybrid technology and renewable diesel fuel helps reduce fuel consumption and cut vehicle emissions.{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=MTA CAC EMSC Minutes |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/ccac/MTACACEMSCJuly112007minutes.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218010850/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/ccac/MTACACEMSCJuly112007minutes.htm |archive-date=December 18, 2007 |access-date=July 11, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Citizens’ Advisory Council Engineering, Maintenance & Safety Committee |df=mdy-all}}

{{pie chart |caption=Weekday mode share on Muni services in 2019

|label1=Muni Metro |color1=blue |value1={{#expr:(100*157.7/674.6)round1}}

|label2=Bus |color2=#{{rcr|MUNI}} |value2={{#expr:(100*334.6/674.6)round1}}

|label3=Trolley bus |color3=yellow |value3={{#expr:(100*167.4/674.6)round1}}

|label4=Cable Car |color4=green |value4={{#expr:(100*14.9/674.6)round1}}

}}

In November 1999 San Francisco voters passed Proposition E setting standards for performance of having at least an 85% on-time record{{Cite web |title=Smart Voter |url=http://www.smartvoter.org/1999nov/ca/sf/meas/E/ |access-date=April 23, 2015 |publisher=Smart Voter}} In July 2012 Muni vehicles were on-time 60% of the time and in August 2012, they were on-time 57% of the time.{{Cite news |title=Muni Delays Have Huge Negative Impact On San Francisco Economy, Report Finds |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Muni-s-accurate-on-time-rate-57-2-3872842.php |access-date=April 23, 2015}} A report conducted by the San Francisco Municipal Transport Agency in early 2013 noted that Muni was on time only 58% of the time. It delayed its customers a total of 172,195 hours and reduced the city's economic activity by US$50 million per year.{{Cite news |title=Muni Delays Have Huge Negative Impact On San Francisco Economy, Report Finds |work=Huffington Post |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/28/muni-delays_n_3348793.html |access-date=March 4, 2014}} In 2013 the performance hit an all-time low of 57%, the on-time performance improved to 60% in January 2014, 60% in February 2014, and 60% in March 2014.{{Cite news |title=Muni Delays Have Huge Negative Impact On San Francisco Economy, Report Finds |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Muni-s-on-time-performance-inches-upward-5436964.php |access-date=April 23, 2015}}

Muni Metro on-time performance as of June 2022:

{{Cite web |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Muni On-Time Performance |url=https://www.sfmta.com/reports/muni-time-performance |access-date=July 24, 2022}}

{{Main|San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}}

Since the passage of Proposition E in November 1999, Muni has been part of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA), a semi-independent city agency created by that ballot measure. The agency, into which Muni, the Department of Parking and Traffic, and the Taxicab Commission were merged, is governed by a seven-member Board of Directors appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Board of Supervisors. The acting Director of Transportation of the SFMTA since August 15, 2019 has been Thomas Maguire, appointed by the SFMTA Board as the interim replacement for Director of Transportation Edward Reiskin.{{Cite web |date=July 15, 2019 |title=Tom Maguire Named Interim Director of Transportation |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/tom-maguire-named-interim-director-transportation}}{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Rachel |date=June 28, 2011 |title=Debra Johnson picked to serve as Muni's acting chief |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/cityinsider/detail?entry_id=91900}}{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Rachel |date=August 15, 2011 |title=S.F. transit leader starts tough job at tough time |work=The San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/08/14/BAIV1KLU96.DTL}} On April 29, 2019, Director Reiskin announced that he would step down at the end of his contract in August 2019.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Muni's chief announces resignation after disastrous month, effective this summer |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/munis-chief-announces-resignation-effective-this-summer/ |access-date=April 29, 2019}}{{Cite news |last=Swan |first=Rachel |date=April 29, 2019 |title=Chief of troubled Muni system to step down in August, under pressure from mayor |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Muni-chief-says-he-will-step-down-in-August-13804278.php |access-date=April 29, 2019}} On November 13, 2019, the agency announced that Jeffrey Tumlin would take over as the new director on December 16, 2019.{{Cite news |last=Swan |first=Rachel |date=November 13, 2019 |title=SFMTA's new leader: Board selects transportation consultant Jeffrey Tumlin |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Meet-the-new-chief-of-the-SFMTA-14830640.php |access-date=November 18, 2019}}

The day-to-day operations of Muni are overseen by the Transit division of the SFMTA, which is currently headed by Director of Transit Julie Kirschbaum.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=November 6, 2018 |title=First-ever woman named SF Muni chief |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/first-ever-woman-named-sf-muni-chief/ |access-date=November 6, 2018}}{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=May 9, 2019 |title=SFMTA appoints new Muni chief lauded for 'candor and tenacity' |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/sfmta-appoints-new-muni-chief-lauded-for-candor-and-tenacity/ |access-date=June 23, 2019}}

File:Sanfranciscoearthquake1906.jpg, looking west along Market Street, streetcars resumed operation soon after the 1906 earthquake and fire.]]

Muni has its origins in the period following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Until then the city had been served by several commercial horsecar, cable car and electric streetcar operators. Many of these had been amalgamated into the United Railroads of San Francisco (URR) company. In 1909, voters approved a municipal rail line down Geary. Three years later in 1912, the city declined to renew the franchise that bestowed cable car operator Geary Street, Park & Ocean Railway the privilege of operating on Geary Street. The route was converted into a municipal electric streetcar line,{{Cite web |last=LaBounty |first=Steve W. |title=Run Out of Town – Western Neighborhoods Project |url=http://www.outsidelands.org/sw16.php |access-date=December 24, 2007}}{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Joe |title=The Cable Car Home Page – Geary Street Park and Ocean Railway |url=http://www.cable-car-guy.com/html/ccsfgspo.html |access-date=December 24, 2007}} the first line of Muni. (In 1912, the average speed of the city's public transit was approximately 8.5 miles per hour{{Cite book |last=Arnold |first=Bion J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HesaAAAAMAAJ&q=bion%20arnold%20san%20francisco&pg=RA1-PA18 |title=Report on the improvement and development of the transportation facilities of San Francisco |date=March 1913 |publisher=The Hicks-Judd co. |access-date=April 17, 2010}} – slightly faster than the average speed of 8.1 in 2007.){{Cite web |date=July 26, 2007 |title=San Francisco Muni Unique Cost/Operating Environment |url=http://docstoc.com/docs/26524045 |access-date=April 17, 2010}}

Muni soon started on a large building program. On December 29, 1914, the new Stockton Street Tunnel under Nob Hill opened, allowing streetcars from downtown to go to North Beach. The new line also served the Marina District, the site of the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition.{{cite journal|journal=Bay Area Electric Railway Association Journal|date= Spring 2007|number=2|pages=43-69|title=Fairs, Please! Public Transportation for San Francisco's 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition|last=Ute|first=Grant}}

On February 3, 1918, the Twin Peaks Tunnel opened, making the southwestern quarter of the city available for development. On October 21, 1928, the Sunset Tunnel opened, bringing the N Judah streetcar line to the Sunset District. These improvements plunged Muni into direct competition with the URR on the entire length of Market Street. The two operators each operated their own pair of tracks down that thoroughfare, which came to be known as the "roar of the four".{{Cite web |title=Museums In Motion – A brief history of the F-line |url=http://www.streetcar.org/fline-history.html |access-date=December 24, 2007 |publisher=Market Street Railway}}

File:Ferry Building with Muni trolleybus, 1953.jpg

In 1941, Muni introduced its first trolleybus line, the R-Howard line. Trolleybuses had been running in San Francisco since 1935 but operated only by the Market Street Railway Company (MSRy), successor to the URR. By 1944, the MSR was in financial difficulties. Thus, at 5 am on September 29, 1944, Muni acquired its commercial competitor. Along with the routes and equipment, Muni adopted its competitor's more expensive seven-cent fare.{{Cite web |title=Trolley Bus History |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trollhist.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111218100326/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/trollhist.htm |archive-date=December 18, 2011 |access-date=December 23, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Railway |df=mdy-all}} Following national trends, Muni replaced most of its rail lines with trolleybus service in the succeeding decades. A few lines with dedicated rights-of-way (including those serving the Twin Peaks and Sunset tunnels) continued as rail lines running 1940s-era PCC streetcars through the 1970s. These lines became the foundation of the Muni Metro.

During World War II, because male employees had been called to serve in the military, both MSRy and Muni hired female 'motorettes' and conductors, including poet and author Maya Angelou in 1943.{{Cite web |date=November 16, 2021 |title=Maya Angelou, streetcar conductor: the full story |url=https://www.streetcar.org/maya-angelou-streetcar-conductor-the-full-story/ |access-date=3 December 2021 |publisher=Market Street Railway}}{{Cite web |last=Fernandez, Lisa |date=May 28, 2014 |title=Maya Angelou Was 1st Black, Female San Francisco Street Car Conductor |url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/maya-angelou-was-1st-black-san-francisco-cable-car-conductor/86333/ |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=NBC Bay Area}}

File:Market Street Subway construction through Eureka station, May 1973.jpg (1973)]]

{{more citations needed|section|date=December 2017}}

In the 1950s and 1960s, the regional BART system was conceived as a much more extensive system than was eventually built, with plans for express trains through San Francisco and local service within San Francisco. Because it was assumed BART would provide local rail service, investment in Muni infrastructure failed to keep pace with major urban redevelopment projects. For example, BART was intended to provide Richmond district and Western Addition service as part of its Golden Gate Bridge/Marin line. This leaves a legacy of the inadequate 38-Geary bus serving these neighborhoods.

Construction on BART's Market Street tunnel started in 1967,{{Cite web |title=BART – A History |url=http://www.bart.gov/about/history/history.aspx}} with two decks tracks – the upper intended to provide local service. Major cost overruns in the BART project forced the state legislature to rescue the project in 1969: curtailing local service in San Francisco and converting the partially constructed stations into the basis of a new light-rail subway called the Muni Metro to connect the downtown stations to the Twin Peaks Tunnel and continuing along reserved tracks to St. Francis Circle. Construction on the metro began in 1970, but the project suffered from further cuts and design changes throughout the 1970s. The Muni Metro finally opened in February 1980, for one line (N-Judah),{{Cite book |last=Perles |first=Anthony |title=The People's Railway: The History of the Municipal Railway of San Francisco |publisher=Interurban Press |year=1981 |isbn=0-916374-42-4 |location=Glendale, CA (US) |page=250}} with other lines following later in 1980, but the many design compromises and piecemeal planning led to long-term operational challenges and inefficiencies.

In 1970, Muni also suffered a severe diesel bus crisis.

Muni experienced a diesel bus availability crisis in 1981–1982 when most of their diesel buses, 401 GMC and Flxible "New Looks" purchases in 1969, reached the end of their 12-year design life and funds for their replacement were not available. Most of the rest of the fleet were undersized 36-foot AM Generals purchased for neighborhood routes, and their use on heavier lines exacerbated conditions. The trolley bus fleet was in good order and had excess capacity at the time, so Muni improvised a few temporary services with them to help out. One such service was a trolley 14-Limited that used the abandoned trolley overhead on South Van Ness. The diesel 82-Chinatown was replaced with short runs of the 30-Stockton. But the trolleys could only go where their wires went.

Muni adopted some policies to alleviate future service issues due to an aged fleet. They would stagger bus purchases so not as large a portion of the fleet would hit retirement age at once. They would arrange for mid-life rebuilds to keep the buses more serviceable in their final years. And they would work to reduce the role of diesels in the total operation. Three trunk diesel lines were converted to trolley bus service in the next twelve years.

But these efforts have not been as successful as hoped. Out of necessity most of the fleet, 330 standard bus equivalents out of 506, were replaced in just two years in 1985–1986. (Standard bus equivalents factor the 30-foot and 60-foot into their equivalent capacity in 40-foot buses). And seven years passed without any new buses coming on board before Muni started its next full diesel fleet replacement cycle in 1999. This was fourteen years after the previous cycle instead of the twelve years that buses are designed to last. Muni is now aware that they must expect to keep diesel buses past their design life and have also found that funds granted for mid-life rebuilds require that the buses be kept longer still. As the fleet replacement cycle begins again in 2013, Muni has arranged for life-extending rebuilds of 142 buses, by count over 30% of the fleet.

In September 1982, the cable car system was shut down for 21 months for rebuilding, and subsequent massive line reorganizations occurred to provide stronger cross-town services.

{{multiple image |align=right |direction=horizontal |total_width=350px |title=Vintage fleet

|image1=Pacific Electric 1061 in SFO 12-28-04b.JPG

|caption1=An F Market and Wharves heritage streetcar at the Ferry Building

|image2=San Francisco 12-28-04 6487.JPG

|caption2=Cable car 58 at California and Market Streets}}

In 1983, Muni temporarily ran streetcars down Market Street as part of the San Francisco Historic Trolley Festival, initially conceived of as a substitute attraction for tourists during the one summer when no cable cars would be in operation.{{Cite book |last=Perles |first=Anthony |title=Tours of Discovery: A San Francisco Muni Album |publisher=Interurban Press |year=1984 |isbn=0-916374-60-2 |page=136}} The service became so popular that the festival was repeated for several years following.{{Cite journal |last=Robert Callwell |date=September 1999 |title=Transit in San Francisco: A Selected Chronology, 1850–1995 |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rhome/documents/TransitinSanFrancisco-CallwellChronologyweb.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624085456/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rhome/documents/TransitinSanFrancisco-CallwellChronologyweb.pdf |archive-date=June 24, 2012 |access-date=2013-01-27 |journal=San Francisco Municipal Railway}} Anticipating the return of permanent streetcar service on Market Street, Muni began rehabilitating tracks in 1987, a process that culminated in the opening of the F line in 1995.

The first modern Muni shelter was installed in front of the War Memorial Opera House in 1987.

The F line was reintroduced in 1995 as a heritage streetcar service. Initially designed as a temporary tourist attraction to make up for the suspension of cable car service for rebuilding, the F has become a permanent fixture. E line service, initially known as the Muni Metro Extension, started in January 1998 initially as a shuttle between Embarcadero station and Caltrain's 4th and Townsend station.{{Cite news |last=Epstein, Edward |date=January 8, 1998 |title=Bay Area Focus — Willie Brown's 1998 Calendar |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/BAY-AREA-FOCUS-Willie-Brown-s-1998-Calendar-3015938.php |access-date=14 March 2020}}{{Cite news |last=Epstein, Edward |date=January 9, 1998 |title=Muni's Embarcadero Streetcar Line Set to Make First Runs / First of improvements promised for this year |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Muni-s-Embarcadero-Streetcar-Line-Set-to-Make-3016481.php |access-date=14 March 2020}}

File:Four Corridor Plan -- Full Implementation (Downtown Detail).jpg

In June 1995, the San Francisco County Transportation Authority released The Four Corridor Plan, a vision to extend Muni Metro service along four major routes in the city: Bayshore (north-south along Third from the county line to California), Geary (east-west along Geary from 48th to Market/Kearny), North Beach (extending the new north-south Bayshore line along Kearny and Columbus to Fisherman's Wharf), and Van Ness (north-south along Van Ness from 16th and Mission to Aquatic Park), with a connector downtown to transfer between the Bayshore, Geary, and North Beach corridors.{{Cite report |url=https://archive.org/details/fourcorridorplan95sanf/mode/2up |title=The Four Corridor Plan |date=June 1995 |publisher=San Francisco County Transportation Authority |access-date=14 March 2020}} These have since been implemented as a combination of light rail (T Third and Central Subway) and bus rapid transit (Geary and Van Ness) services.

During the late 1990s, with aging equipment and poor management, Muni developed a reputation for poor and erratic service. In 1996 a group called Rescue Muni representing transit riders formed to organize concerns and press for change, advocating for the successful 1999 Proposition E that formed the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency and set service standards for Muni. In August 1998, San Francisco residents witnessed a protracted malfunction of Muni Metro after switching to an automatic train control implemented by Alcatel Transport Automation, culminating in an event that is now known as the Muni Meltdown.

Automatic control of Muni Metro light rail vehicles began on Saturday, August 22, three years behind schedule and at a cost of $70 million, three times the original estimate. Riders angry over delays confronted one driver during the Monday afternoon commute on August 24; he responded by locking himself in the driver's compartment and refused to move the train, halting all service for half an hour.{{Cite news |last=Epstein, Edward |date=August 27, 1998 |title=Woes Worsen for Muni Riders / Metro system foul-ups outrage drivers, public |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Woes-Worsen-for-Muni-Riders-Metro-system-2994429.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} Otherwise, no delays were attributable to the new automatic control system that Monday.{{Cite news |last=Hendrix, Anastasia |date=August 25, 1998 |title=The Great Muni Escape |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/THE-GREAT-MUNI-ESCAPE-3074193.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} However, by August 26, Mayor Willie Brown was threatening to sue Alcatel.{{Cite news |last=Walsh, Diana |date=August 26, 1998 |title=Brown: Muni contractor 'to pay' |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Brown-Muni-contractor-to-pay-3073337.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} Alcatel and Muni instead blamed delays on malfunctioning train cars. In addition, a proof-of-payment fare enforcement system went into effect that week, compounding rider confusion. Finally, riders who had previously been able to secure a seat by riding in the opposite direction (outbound) to Embarcadero station were forced to disembark there because of the E/Muni Metro Extension service that had begun in January; these changes and the delays frustrated many commuters.{{Cite news |last=Epstein, Edward |date=August 26, 1998 |title=Brown Tries To Soothe Muni Riders / Service on N-Judah line has been abysmal all week |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Brown-Tries-To-Soothe-Muni-Riders-Service-on-2994640.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} On Friday, August 28, 67 of the 131 LRVs (55 Boeing and 12 Breda) in the Muni Metro fleet were out of service for the morning commute; Mayor Brown personally rode from Civic Center to Embarcadero in the afternoon to experience the chaos for himself.{{Cite news |last1=Epstein, Edward |last2=Lynem, Julie N. |date=August 29, 1998 |title=Brown Descends To Take Hellish Journey on Muni / Frustrated riders give mayor an earful of woe |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Brown-Descends-To-Take-Hellish-Journey-on-Muni-2994772.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} Muni riders abandoned the underground system for carpools, taxis, buses, and F-Market streetcars after LRVs were delayed and stopped with no communication as to when they would resume service; transit times from 4th and Irving to Powell swelled to 120 minutes.{{Cite news |last=Hendrix, Anastasia |date=August 28, 1998 |title=Muni: Hell on wheels |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Muni-Hell-on-wheels-3305058.php |access-date=14 March 2020}}

File:Train of Boeing LRVs waiting to depart Muni Metro's Embarcadero station in 1993.jpg

On August 31, two San Francisco Chronicle reporters staged a {{convert|1+1/2|mi|adj=on}} race: one took the train, and the other walked along Market from Civic Center to Embarcadero. The two reporters tied as both completed their trips in 23 minutes; this was an improvement compared to the previous week, at the height of the Meltdown, when the same trip on Muni Metro could take three times as long.{{Cite news |last1=Epstein, Edward |last2=Rubenstein, Steve |date=September 1, 1998 |title=A Walker Matches Train Pace / Metro hiccups down Market Street |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/A-Walker-Matches-Train-Pace-Metro-hiccups-down-2993970.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} Mayor Brown re-enacted the race as the pedestrian on September 3; this time, Muni Metro service had improved and train passengers completed the trip in just seven minutes.{{Cite news |last1=Epstein, Edward |last2=Rubenstein, Steve |date=September 4, 1998 |title=Mayor Walks, Muni Runs / Metro car beats Willie Brown to Embarcadero |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/MAYOR-WALKS-MUNI-RUNS-Metro-car-beats-Willie-2992586.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} At the request of the San Francisco Examiner, a member of the executive committee for Rescue Muni tracked the length of each ride on her eight-stop daily commute to the Financial District from the Sunset that week. Four of the ten trips took longer than 40 minutes, and the best time was 15 minutes.{{Cite news |last=Hendrix, Anastasia |date=September 8, 1998 |title=Muni diary tells of rider's daily frustration |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Muni-diary-tells-of-rider-s-daily-frustration-3071123.php |access-date=14 March 2020}}

By the third week of operation under automatic train control, the Muni Meltdown had passed and service was uneventful, albeit with fewer LRVs than normal{{Cite news |date=September 8, 1998 |title=2 days in row with no Muni disasters |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/2-days-in-row-with-no-Muni-disasters-3071299.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} and with drivers onboard each train.{{Cite news |last=Brazil, Eric |date=September 8, 1998 |title=Muni Metro cars on a roll for the third straight day |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Muni-Metro-cars-on-a-roll-for-the-third-straight-3071407.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} Muni officials apologized for the rough transition and promised to continue to improve service;{{Cite news |last=Hendricks, Tyche |date=September 9, 1998 |title=Muni's sorry state draws an apology |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Muni-s-sorry-state-draws-an-apology-3240689.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} privately they called the Meltdown "the biggest fiasco in the railway's history."{{Cite news |last=Nolte, Carl |date=September 21, 1998 |title=Fundamental Flaws Derail Hopes of Improving Muni |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fundamental-Flaws-Derail-Hopes-of-Improving-Muni-2989206.php |access-date=14 March 2020}}

In an effort to improve service, Muni began to replace its troublesome fleet of Boeing-Vertol light rail vehicles with newer Italian Breda light rail vehicles in late 1996.{{Cite news |last=Nolte, Carl |date=December 10, 1996 |title=Stylish New Streetcars Ready to Roll / S.F. Muni introducing its Italian-made fleet |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Stylish-New-Streetcars-Ready-to-Roll-S-F-Muni-2956393.php |access-date=14 March 2020}} The two-decade-old fleet of Flyer trolleybuses were replaced with Electric Transit, Inc. (ETI) trolleybuses in the early 2000s.{{Cite book |title=Jane's Urban Transport Systems 2009–2010 |date=2009 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=978-0-7106-2903-6 |editor-last=Webb, Mary |location=Coulsdon, Surrey (UK) |page=464}} Likewise, the diesel bus fleet saw an infusion of 45 new NABI buses from AC Transit in 1999.

File:T Third Islais.jpg line. The T line, the sixth Muni Metro line, opened on April 7, 2007.]]

Construction on a sixth light rail line from Caltrain Depot in Mission Bay to Visitacion Valley and Bayview/Hunters Point was completed in December 2006. The new line, named the T Third Street, consisted of 19 new high-platform stations at street-level.{{Cite web |title=Third Street Light Rail/Central Subway |url=http://sfcityscape.com/transit/third_street.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060625094619/http://www.sfcityscape.com/transit/third_street.html |archive-date=June 25, 2006 |access-date=June 13, 2006 |publisher=San Francisco Cityscape}}{{Cite web |title=Fiscal Year 2008 Short Range Transit Plan: Chapter 8 |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rsrtp/documents/13Chapter8-InfrastructureProgramaccessible-FY08PublicDraftforMTAB10-2.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228002301/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/rsrtp/documents/13Chapter8-InfrastructureProgramaccessible-FY08PublicDraftforMTAB10-2.pdf |archive-date=February 28, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency |df=mdy-all}}

On October 8, 2007, SFMTA's cable car signs were awarded the AdWheel Award as the best in print promotion by the American Public Transportation Association. Nathaniel Ford, executive director of Muni, said that the "marketing group has done an outstanding job making the key boarding areas more attractive and inviting for residents and our guests."{{Cite web |title=Grand Price APTA Adwheel Award |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/apress/GrandPrizeAPTAAdWheelAward.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719235015/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/apress/GrandPrizeAPTAAdWheelAward.htm |archive-date=July 19, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency |df=mdy-all}}

On November 15, 2007, city officials announced that they were looking into the possibility of adding double-decker buses to the Muni fleet, which would be operating mostly on the 38 Geary and the 14 Mission routes. The test period started on December 12, 2007, and ended on January 8, 2008.{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Rachel |date=November 16, 2007 |title=S.F. to test double-decker bus |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/11/15/BA33TD8AA.DTL&feed=rss.bayarea |access-date=November 15, 2007}}{{Cite web |title=SFMTA and TEP testing double-decker buses |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/malerts/SFMTAandTEPtestingdouble-deckerbuses.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829143608/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/malerts/SFMTAandTEPtestingdouble-deckerbuses.htm |archive-date=August 29, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2007 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency |df=mdy-all}}

On December 1, 2007, Mayor Gavin Newsom announced that the entire city fleet, including all of Muni buses, are henceforth powered with biodiesel, a combination of 80% petroleum diesel fuel and 20% biofuel, to reduce carbon emissions.{{Cite news |last=Vega |first=Cecilia M. |date=December 1, 2007 |title=City-owned vehicles run on biodiesel |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/12/01/BAGB6TML7R.DTL&feed=rss.bayarea |access-date=December 1, 2007}} Muni's current hybrid bus fleet currently runs on biodiesel.{{Cite web |title=Hybrid Buses |url=http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/hybrids.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726173531/http://www.sfmta.com/cms/mfleet/hybrids.htm |archive-date=July 26, 2008 |publisher=San Francisco Metropolitan Transportation Agency |df=mdy-all}}{{Cite web |title=Mayor Newsom Launches SFGreasecycle – The Nation's First Citywide Program That Collects Waste Grease to Create Biofuel for Municipal Fleet |url=http://sfgov.org/site/mayor_index.asp?id=71394 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102021244/http://sfgov.org/site/mayor_index.asp?id=71394 |archive-date=January 2, 2008 |access-date=December 25, 2007}}

On July 17, 2009, a Muni LRV rear-ended another at West Portal Station. That accident injured 48 people.{{Cite news |last1=Coté |first1=John |last2=Lagos |first2=Marisa |date=2009-07-19 |title=NTSB investigates Muni Metro crash |work=SF Gate |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/NTSB-investigates-Muni-Metro-crash-3291673.php |access-date=2018-05-14}}

On December 5, 2009, the Muni system underwent its most extensive changes in over 30 years, in an attempt by the SFMTA to reduce its budget shortfall. This involved changes to over 60% of its bus and light rail routes, including the elimination of six bus routes. Changes included reduced frequency of service, shortened or altered routes, and earlier termination of service, although a few of the busiest lines, such as the 38 Geary, saw service increases.{{Cite news |last=Cabanatuan |first=Michael |date=November 24, 2009 |title=Muni's Extreme Makeover |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/cityinsider/detail?entry_id=52325&tsp=1 |access-date=December 20, 2009}}

File:T Third Street shuttle bus on Spear Street, December 2018.JPG XDE60 bus in 2018. The New Flyer Xcelsior buses were bought between 2013 and 2019 to replace Muni's aging fleet.]]

The 2010s started with severe cuts to Muni service. On February 26, 2010, the SFMTA board, which oversees Muni operations, voted for Muni to undergo further extensive changes in a further attempt to reduce its budget shortfall.{{Cite web |title=More Details on MTA Board Approvals of Service Cuts, Fare Increases |url=http://sfappeal.com/alley/2010/02/overflow-crowd-packs-sfmta-board-meeting.php |access-date=February 26, 2010 |publisher=San Francisco Appeal}}{{Cite news |last=Rhodes |first=Michael |date=January 28, 2010 |title=MTA Details Proposed Historic Cuts to Muni; 2011–2012 Deficit Even Worse |work=SF Streetsblog |url=https://sf.streetsblog.org/2010/01/28/mta-details-proposed-historic-cuts-to-muni-2011-2012-deficit-even-worse/ |access-date=January 7, 2019}} Months after the cuts were enacted, significant portions of the service were restored through additional funding and cutting operational costs.{{Cite news |last=Goebel |first=Bryan |date=August 3, 2010 |title=Mayor Newsom, SFMTA Announce More Muni Service Restorations |work=SF Streetsblog |url=https://sf.streetsblog.org/2010/08/03/mayor-newsom-sfmta-announce-more-muni-service-restorations/ |access-date=January 7, 2019}}{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Rachel |date=August 23, 2010 |title=Muni service restorations: a bumpy ride |work=SF Gate |url=https://blog.sfgate.com/cityinsider/2010/08/23/muni-service-restorations-a-bumpy-ride/ |access-date=January 7, 2019}} Further improvements were made throughout the decade, amidst changes in both city and agency leadership, with the implementation of the "Muni Forward" project and all-door boarding.

In 2011, Nathaniel Ford, the head executive of the SFMTA, stepped down and Ed Reiskin took his place.{{Cite news |last=Goebel |first=Bryan |date=July 20, 2011 |title=Public Works Director Ed Reiskin to Be Named SFMTA Chief |work=SF Streetsblog |url=https://sf.streetsblog.org/2011/07/20/public-works-director-ed-reiskin-to-be-named-sfmta-chief/ |access-date=January 7, 2019}} After the difficult cuts in 2010, city leaders cited the "Transit Effectiveness Project", later rebranded as "Muni Forward", as a priority for improving service on Muni.{{Cite news |last=Goebel |first=Bryan |date=February 24, 2011 |title=Mayor Lee Must Make SFMTA Act Quickly on TEP Implementation |work=SF Streetsblog |url=https://sf.streetsblog.org/2011/02/24/mayor-lee-must-make-sfmta-act-quickly-on-tep-implementation/ |access-date=January 7, 2019}} In April 2015, the SFMTA launched the implementation of Muni Forward. Service changes involve renaming routes designated as "Limited" to "Rapid", a redesigned system map, and increased levels of service on the busiest bus routes.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=April 5, 2015 |title=Biggest service boost in years on tap for Muni |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/sanfrancisco/biggest-service-boost-in-years-on-tap-for-muni/Content?oid=2925668 |access-date=May 26, 2015}} Infrastructure improvements include the addition of transit signal priority, bus bulbs, and bus-only lanes to more locations, and trackway repairs along the Muni Metro system.{{Cite web |title=Projects Underway |url=http://muniforward.com/projects-underway/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708041703/http://muniforward.com/projects-underway/ |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |access-date=May 26, 2015 |website=Muni Forward |publisher=SFMTA}} The 2010s also included the start of construction on bus rapid transit projects on Van Ness and Geary Streets{{Cite press release |title=San Francisco Breaks Ground for Van Ness Improvement Project |date=2017-03-01 |location=San Francisco |url=https://www.sfmta.com/press-releases/san-francisco-breaks-ground-van-ness-improvement-project |access-date=2018-05-08 |author= |agency=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}}{{Cite news |last=Toren |first=Michael |date=October 5, 2018 |title=Geary Rapid Project gets underway |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/geary-rapid-project-gets-underway/ |access-date=January 6, 2019}} and the initiation of planning for new subway extensions that would potentially reach the Marina District{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=December 8, 2018 |title=Marina District may be on board for Central Subway extension |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/marina-district-may-board-central-subway-extension/ |access-date=January 6, 2019}} and Park Merced.{{Cite news |last=Kwong |first=Jessica |date=March 2, 2014 |title=Study identifies design options for light-rail relocation along 19th Avenue |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/study-identifies-design-options-for-light-rail-relocation-along-19th-avenue/ |access-date=January 6, 2019}}

On July 1, 2012, Muni was the first transit agency in North America to implement all-door boarding throughout its system. The practice already existed in the Muni Metro as "Proof-of-Payment" and was expanded to include all bus service.{{Cite news |title=Muni to begin all-door boarding for buses on July 1 |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/transportation/2012/03/muni-begin-all-door-boarding-buses-july-1 |url-status=dead |access-date=March 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426175327/http://www.sfexaminer.com/local/transportation/2012/03/muni-begin-all-door-boarding-buses-july-1 |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |df=mdy-all}}

With the Breda cars approaching 20 years of use, the SFMTA announced an order in 2014 for 175 new Siemens S200 cars for its Muni Metro lines.{{Cite press release |date=September 19, 2014 |title=San Francisco Orders 175 Light Rail Cars from Siemens |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140919005855/en/San-Francisco-Orders-175-Light-Rail-Cars |access-date=January 6, 2019}} The first of the new cars was delivered in November 2017{{Cite news |last=Robertson, Michelle |date=November 17, 2017 |title=New Muni train, designed to be quieter and more spacious, hit San Francisco streets |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/New-muni-train-san-francisco-quieter-space-12366662.php |access-date=January 6, 2019}} with plans to finish the replacement of the entire fleet by 2027.{{Cite web |date=November 2018 |title=Building on success: accelerating replacement of the light rail fleet |url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/11/11-6-18_item_14_presentation_regarding_the_replacement_of_the_light_rail_fleet.pdf |access-date=January 6, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} This train procurement, in addition to replacing cars on existing lines, was made in order to supply the additional service required for the Central Subway and to the Mission Bay neighborhood and Chase Center. Throughout the 2010s, Muni also procured new buses and replaced over 90 percent of its diesel bus fleet{{Cite press release |title=San Francisco Commits To All-Electric Bus Fleet By 2035 |date=May 15, 2018 |url=https://www.sfmta.com/press-releases/san-francisco-commits-all-electric-bus-fleet-2035 |access-date=January 6, 2019 |agency=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} and replaced all of its aging trolleybuses, improving performance for its bus fleet.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=March 25, 2016 |title=Muni's newest buses break down less often, data shows |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/munis-newest-buses-break-less-often-data-shows/ |access-date=January 6, 2019}}

File:L Taraval bus at West Portal station, August 2020.JPG at the closed West Portal station, August 2020]]

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, ridership numbers had dropped 70–90% across the system. Muni Metro services, with an over 90% decline in riders, were replaced by bus bridges on March 30 to streamline sanitation procedures.{{Cite news |last=Ahalya Srikant |first=Ahalya Srikant |date=31 March 2020 |title=Bay Area Transit is Running Almost Empty in Midst of COVID-19 Shutdown |agency=San Francisco Business Journal |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/news/2020/03/31/bay-area-transit-is-running-almost-empty-in-midst.html |access-date=1 April 2020}}{{Cite web |date=March 26, 2020 |title=Starting March 30: New Muni Service Changes |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/muni-prepares-deliver-essential-trips-only |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=San Francisco Municipal Transit Agency}} By April 6, service had been eliminated on all but 17 of the agency's then 89 routes with San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Director of Transportation Jeffrey Tumlin calling it "the worst Muni service since 1906."{{Cite news |last=Cabanatuan, Michael |date=April 6, 2020 |title=Coronavirus: Muni announces which 17 bus lines will remain active in San Francisco |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Coronavirus-Muni-announces-which-17-bus-lines-15181917.php |url-access=limited |access-date=6 April 2020}}{{Cite web |last=von Krogh, Bonnie Jean |date=April 6, 2020 |title=Muni Prepares to Deliver Essential Trips Only |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/muni-prepares-deliver-essential-trips-only |access-date=6 April 2020 |website=San Francisco Municipal Transit Agency}}

Light rail service resumed briefly in August 2020 with significant route changes,{{Cite web |last=Maguire, Marina |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Big Changes Ahead when Muni Rail Returns in August |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/big-changes-ahead-when-muni-rail-returns-august |access-date=27 June 2020 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} but was discontinued and replaced by buses after just three days of operation (August 22–24) because two overhead wire splices failed in the subway portion of the line within 72 hours and an employee in the system's control center tested positive for COVID-19.{{Cite news |date=August 24, 2020 |title=SF Muni rail service shuts down again after disastrous reopening day |work=San Francisco Chronicle |agency=Bay City News Service |url=https://www.sfgate.com/news/bayarea/article/Sf-Muni-Rail-Service-Shuts-Down-Again-After-15512097.php |access-date=9 December 2020}} The splice failures in 2020 meant that passengers could be trapped for an extended period of time in an enclosed light rail car during the pandemic. A similar splice that failed in April 2019 in the Market Street subway between Powell and Civic Center disrupted services system-wide for more than 12 hours,{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez, Joe Fitzgerald |date=April 26, 2019 |title=Update: Muni subway service restored in time for end of Giants game |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/muni-subway-service-clogged-at-west-portal-during-rush-hour-peak/ |access-date=9 December 2020}} and led Mayor London Breed to seek a replacement for Muni head Ed Reiskin.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez, Joe Fitzgerald |date=May 7, 2019 |title=Muni service breakdown could have been prevented |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/the-city/muni-service-breakdown-could-have-been-prevented/ |access-date=9 December 2020}} Metallurgical analysis of the failed splices (including the failed splice from April 2019) showed the materials did not meet their specified tensile strength.{{Cite report |url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2020/09/10-1-20_cac_item_7_muni_rail_service_during_covid_19_slide_presentation.pdf |title=SFMTA Rail Operations during COVID-19 Emergency |date=October 1, 2020 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |access-date=9 December 2020}}File:Muni route 49 bus at Sacramento station, April 2022.JPG]]Some additional bus routes were restored throughout Fall 2020 and into 2021 to address overcrowding and increasing ridership, including new short routes on the 1-California, 5-Fulton, and 14R Mission Rapid.{{Cite web |last=Maguire |first=Mariana |date=2020-12-07 |title=Upcoming Muni Service Expansions Phase-in Rail Service, Add Bus Service |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/upcoming-muni-service-expansions-phase-rail-service-add-bus-service |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=SFMTA |language=en}} On September 19, 2020, the 30-Stockton was extended to Sports Basement in The Presidio to accommodate longer, 60-foot buses along the entire route.{{Cite web |last=Aguilar |first=Enrique |date=2020-07-10 |title=30 Stockton Presidio Extension |url=https://www.sfmta.com/projects/30-stockton-presidio-extension |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=SFMTA |language=en}} This change resulted in many complaints from Marina District residents who complained about parking removal and low ridership along the extension.{{Cite web |date=2020-12-16 |title=Marina NIMBYs not happy with 30 Stockton extension to their neighborhood |url=https://hoodline.com/2020/12/marina-nimbys-not-happy-with-30-stockton-extension-to-their-neighborhood/ |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=hoodline.com |language=en}} On December 19th, 2020, light rail service resumed on the J Church on a surface only route. Light rail service at the T Third Street resumed on January 23, 2021 along with the temporary resumption of the 15-Third Street on a new express route.{{Cite news |date=2021-01-23 |title=New and Restored Service Starting Saturday, January 23, 2021 |work=sfmta.com |agency=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |url=https://www.sfmta.com/travel-updates/new-and-restored-service-starting-saturday-january-23-2021 |access-date=2021-07-28}}{{Cite web |title=District 10 15 Third Street Bus Study |url=https://www.sfcta.org/15-third |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=SFCTA |language=en}}

N Judah, K/T Ingleside/Third Street, and S Shuttle subway service resumed on May 15, 2021, as did F Market & Wharves historic streetcar service.{{Cite web |date=April 16, 2021 |title=Welcome Back to the Westside, K Ingleside Trains! |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/welcome-back-westside-k-ingleside-trains |website=sfmta.com}}{{Cite web |last=Maguire |first=Mariana |date=May 3, 2021 |title=Welcome Back to the F Market & Wharves Historic Streetcars |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/welcome-back-f-market-wharves-historic-streetcars-0 |website=sfmta.com}} M Ocean View rail service resumed on August 14, 2021.{{Cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Kate |date=July 15, 2021 |title=Welcoming Back the M Ocean View and 31 Balboa |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/welcoming-back-m-ocean-view-and-31-balboa |website=sfmta.com}}

Van Ness Bus Rapid Transit service began on April 1, 2022.{{Cite press release |title=BRT Service on Van Ness to Begin Tomorrow |date=March 31, 2022 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency |url=https://www.sfmta.com/blog/brt-service-van-ness-begin-tomorrow}}

{{See also|Muni Metro#Future}}

Several proposals for Muni Metro and rail service expansion for Muni are undergoing planning and construction. In addition, several projects are underway to improve the effectiveness of existing lines, many as a part of the Muni Forward initiative. On February 19, 2016, Muni released a Draft Rail Capacity Study,{{Cite web |title=Draft Rail Capacity Study – February 2016 |url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/agendaitems/2016/2-19-16%20PAG%20Draft%20Rail%20Capacity%20Strategy.pdf |access-date=February 20, 2016 |publisher=SFMTA}} which outlines proposed system improvements through the year 2050 and beyond. This three-tier proposal consists of enhancements that will improve system efficiency and expand the system; estimated cost is $9–16 billion. The ConnectSF planning project, a cooperation between several city agencies including Muni, identified candidate corridors for future subway and rapid transit corridor expansion.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=October 18, 2016 |title=New 'Subway Vision' maps show tunnels of the future |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/new-subway-vision-maps-show-tunnels-of-the-future/ |access-date=April 19, 2019}} The transit strategy report from the project concluded that two new corridors should be developed: the Geary Boulevard and 19th Avenue corridor and an extension of the Central Subway to Fisherman's Wharf.{{cite report|title=ConnectSF Transit Strategy|url=https://connectsf.org/wp-content/uploads/ConnectSF_Transit_Strategy_FINAL-20211209-1.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104234049/https://connectsf.org/wp-content/uploads/ConnectSF_Transit_Strategy_FINAL-20211209-1.pdf|archivedate=January 4, 2024|date=December 2021|publisher=City and County of San Francisco|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}{{cite news|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/archives/planning-begins-for-a-subway-to-the-west-side-of-the-city-but-is-it/article_249126dd-4428-5d6d-ad96-032a7739a8b1.html|title= Planning begins for a subway to the west side of The City—but is it a distant dream?|first=Benjamin|last=Schneider|date=April 14, 2022|accessdate=May 2, 2024|work=San Francisco Examiner}}

Service improvements for the L Taraval line are under construction and projected to complete in 2024.{{Cite web |date=February 10, 2014 |title=L Taraval Improvement Project |url=https://www.sfmta.com/projects/l-taraval-improvement-project |access-date=April 19, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}} Improvements on the J, K, and M lines have also been planned and approved, with some construction beginning in 2024.{{Cite report |url=https://archive.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/Executive/Meetings/board/2018/09-Sept-11/Enclosure%20-%20Prop%20K%20Grouped%20Allocations.pdf |title=Prop K Grouped Allocation Requests Sept 2018 Board Action |date=September 2018 |publisher=San Francisco County Transportation Authority |access-date=April 19, 2019}}{{cite news|url=https://www.inglesidelight.com/k-ingleside-rapid-project-approved/|title=Transit Improvements, Red Lanes Approved for Ocean Avenue|first=Jerold|last=Chin|work=Ingleside Light|date=March 6, 2024|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}{{cite news|url=https://www.inglesidelight.com/m-ocean-view-light-rail-transit-upgrades-approval/|title=Transit-Only Lanes, Other Upgrades Approved For M Ocean View Light Rail Line|first=Jerold|last=Chin|date=February 7, 2024|accessdate=May 2, 2024|work=Ingleside Light|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240502215322/https://www.inglesidelight.com/m-ocean-view-light-rail-transit-upgrades-approval/|archivedate=May 2, 2024}}{{cite news|url=https://www.inglesidelight.com/san-jose-avenue-street-safety-upgrades/|title=San Jose Avenue Street Safety Upgrades Approved|date=October 22, 2023|accessdate=May 2, 2024|first=Jerold|last=Chin|work=Ingleside Light|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240502220009/https://www.inglesidelight.com/san-jose-avenue-street-safety-upgrades/|archivedate=May 2, 2024}} Future improvements on the N Judah line are also planned, with a long-term goal of running three-car trains on the line.{{Cite web |date=May 4, 2013 |title=N Judah Rapid Project |url=https://www.sfmta.com/projects/n-judah-rapid-project |access-date=April 19, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}}

{{Main|Central Subway (San Francisco)}}

File:Lion and dragon dance at Chinatown Rose Pak station.jpg of the Central Subway in November 2022]]

An underground expansion for the T line opened on November 19, 2022, after ten years of construction.{{cite news

| title = SF's Central Subway open to public with free weekend shuttle | url = https://www.kron4.com/news/sfs-central-subway-open-to-public-with-free-weekend-shuttle/ | work = Kron 4 | location = San Francisco, California | date = November 19, 2022 | access-date = November 19, 2022}} Full service began on January 7, 2023.{{Cite web |title=Mayor London Breed and the SFMTA Announce New T-Third Service in Central Subway {{!}} San Francisco |url=https://sf.gov/news/mayor-london-breed-and-sfmta-announce-new-t-third-service-central-subway |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=sf.gov}} Dubbed the Central Subway, the expansion features three new underground stations at Moscone Center, Union Square, and Chinatown and one above-ground station at 4th and Brannan Streets. Construction included tunneling up to Columbus Ave and Washington Square Park, but the T line stopped at Chinatown. This project cost about $1.95 billion.{{Cite news |last=Carpenter |first=Edward |date=March 7, 2007 |title=Bond Cash: Muni seeks dumb subway |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://groups.yahoo.com/group/BATN/message/34062|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712085615/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BATN/message/34062|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}{{cite news

| title = Central Subway Opens Saturday—4 Years Late and $375M Over Budget | url = https://sfstandard.com/transportation/san-francisco-central-subway-375-million-over-budget-union-square-chinatown/ | work = The San Francisco Standard | date = November 17, 2022 | access-date = January 9, 2023}}

Muni is also considering a future extension into North Beach and Fisherman's Wharf or to the Marina District and The Presidio which may be built in a third phase of the T Third project. Formal planning for the extension began in late 2018 with an Alternatives Study.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=December 8, 2018 |title=Marina District may be on board for Central Subway extension |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/marina-district-may-board-central-subway-extension/ |access-date=December 10, 2018}}{{Cite web |date=September 27, 2018 |title=Central Subway Extension Alternatives Study |url=https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/reports-and-documents/2018/10/central_subway_extension_kickoff_presentation_boards.pdf |access-date=December 10, 2018 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency}}

The average speed of Muni vehicles has been slowly declining over the years due to increasing vehicular congestion and is now merely {{convert|8|mi|km|0}} per hour. In response, Muni launched plans to make its transit vehicles move faster through the city. Muni Forward (previously called the Transit Effectiveness Project) was launched in May 2006 to take a comprehensive look at the entire Muni system and to see where service can be improved or streamlined to provide faster and more reliable service. The project was launched in a context in which twenty-five years had passed since the last comprehensive review, and travel patterns had changed, traffic congestion had increased, operating costs had risen and on-time performance had dropped since then. Under the Muni Forward project, service improvements were implemented on many lines such as the 5 Fulton{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=August 1, 2016 |title=Aiming to alleviate crowding, Muni 5-Fulton route to get bigger buses |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/aiming-to-alleviate-crowding-muni-5-fulton-route-to-get-bigger-buses/ |access-date=April 20, 2019}} and 14R Mission.{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=April 13, 2016 |title=Muni set for major service expansions |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/muni-set-for-major-service-expansions/ |access-date=April 20, 2019}} Further improvements on lines such as the 28 19th Avenue,{{Cite news |last=Rodriguez |first=Joe Fitzgerald |date=July 9, 2015 |title=28–19th Avenue Muni project to improve safety, speed |work=San Francisco Examiner |url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/28-19th-avenue-muni-project-to-improve-safety-speed/ |access-date=April 20, 2019}} 22 Fillmore,{{Cite news |last=Chinn |first=Jerold |date=2016-01-21 |title=22-Fillmore to benefit from 16th Street improvements |work=SF Bay |url=https://sfbay.ca/2016/01/21/22-fillmore-to-benefit-from-16th-street-improvements/ |access-date=2018-07-01}}{{Cite web |last=SFMTA |date=May 8, 2018 |title=16th Street Project Spring 2018 Update |url=https://www.sfmta.com/project-updates/16th-street-project-spring-2018-update |access-date=2018-07-01}} 30 Stockton, and others are planned.

For streetcar service, extending the E Embarcadero and the F Market and Wharves into Mission Bay and the Fort Mason Tunnel is possible.{{Cite web |last=National Park Service |title=Extension of F-Line Streetcar Service to Fort Mason Center |url=https://www.nps.gov/goga/learn/management/extension-of-f-line-streetcar-service-to-fort-mason-center.htm |access-date=2018-07-01}} Existing F Market & Wharves service is planned to be improved under the Better Market Street project with a new loop at Civic Center.

Additionally, there are plans to expand trolleybus service in several parts of the city. Several extensions to existing trolleybus lines are planned, including 14-Mission service to the Daly City BART station, 6-Haight/Parnassus service to West Portal Station, 33-Ashbury/18th Street service across Potrero Hill to Third Street, 45-Union-Stockton service to the Letterman Digital Arts Center in the Presidio and 24-Divisadero service into the former Hunters Point shipyard. Other expansion plans include electrification of some diesel bus lines, with the most likely lines for conversion being the 9-San Bruno, 10-Townsend and 47-Van Ness. Electrification of the 10-Townsend line would likely be joined by an extension of the line across Potrero Hill to San Francisco General Hospital. Other lines that may be electrified are the 7-Haight-Noriega, 27-Bryant, and 43-Masonic.{{Cite web |title=Short Range Transit Plan (SRTP) |url=http://www.sfmuni.com/cms/rptpub/srtpindx.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209041229/http://www.sfmuni.com/cms/rptpub/srtpindx.htm |archive-date=December 9, 2004 |access-date=May 2, 2019 |publisher=San Francisco Municipal Railway}}[http://www.sftep.com/files/Proposed_System_Map.pdf Proposed System Map] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228002301/http://www.sftep.com/files/Proposed_System_Map.pdf |date=February 28, 2008 }}[http://www.sftep.com/files/TEP_DraftDetailedSummaryDoc_2-26-08.pdf TEP Draft Proposals to transform Muni] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228002300/http://www.sftep.com/files/TEP_DraftDetailedSummaryDoc_2-26-08.pdf |date=February 28, 2008 }}[http://www.sftep.com/files/summary_table_of_frequencies.pdf Summary Table of Frequencies] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228002304/http://www.sftep.com/files/summary_table_of_frequencies.pdf |date=February 28, 2008 }}[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/02/26/BA0UV92LB.DTL Major Muni revamp released, plans would eliminate some routes][http://www.sftep.com/files/TEP%201-page%20overview.pdf TEP Page 1 Overview] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228002301/http://www.sftep.com/files/TEP%201-page%20overview.pdf |date=February 28, 2008 }}

{{Portal|Railways|San Francisco Bay Area}}

• Key System
• Market Street Railway Company
• San Francisco cable car system
• Trolleybuses in San Francisco

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• Perles, Anthony, with John McKane, Tom Matoff, and Peter Straus, The People's Railway: The History of the Municipal Railway in San Francisco. Glendale: Interurban Press, 1981. {{ISBN|0-916374-42-4}}. A detailed, illustrated history of Muni from its inception through 1980.

{{Commons category}}

• {{Official website|http://www.sfmta.com}}
• [http://www.nextmuni.com/ NextBus for Muni], a GPS system that predicts vehicle arrival times.
• [http://www.streetcar.org/ Market Street Railway]

{{USLightRail}}

{{San Francisco Bay Area Public Transit}}

{{Muni}}

{{San Francisco}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Public transportation in San Francisco

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