San José de Mayo
{{Short description|City in San José Department, Uruguay}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = San José de Mayo
|other_name =
|settlement_type = Capital city
|image_skyline = {{Photo montage
| color=#ffffff
| photo1a = Catedral de San José de Mayo.jpg
| photo1b = Teatro Maccio.jpg
| photo2a = Sj 17495.jpg
| photo2b = Sj 17511.jpg
| photo4a = San José de Mayo 1.jpg
| photo4b = J34 754 Bf San José, EG.jpg
| spacing = 2
| border = 1
| size = 266
}}
|imagesize =
|image_caption = From top, left to right: view of the Cathedral, the Macció Theater, the City Hall, monument of José Artigas in the Independence Square, the Treinta y Tres Orientales Square and the station.
|pushpin_map = Uruguay
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uruguay
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Uruguay}}
|subdivision_type1 = Department
|subdivision_name1 = San José Department
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = 1783
|population_blank1_title= Demonym
|population_blank1 = maragato,-a
|population_as_of = 2023 Census
|population_total = 35883
|population_density_km2 = auto
|area_total_km2 = 16.9
|timezone = UTC -3
|coordinates = {{coord|34|20|0|S|56|43|0|W|region:UY-SJ|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 51
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 80000
|area_code_type = Dial plan
|area_code = +598 434 (+5 digits)
|blank_name = Climate
|blank_info = Cfa
|website =
}}
San José de Mayo ({{IPA|es|saŋ xoˈse ðe ˈmaʝo}}; Mayo {{IPA|es|ˈmaʒo, ˈmaʃo|label=locally|generic=yes}}) is the capital city of the San José Department in southern Uruguay.
Geography
The city is located at the centre of the department, on the intersection of Route 3 with Route 11, {{convert|90|km}} from the centre of Montevideo. The railroad track connecting Montevideo with Colonia and with the northwest of the country passes through the city. The river Río San José flows along the northeastern and eastern limits of the city.
Increased precipitation as a result of climate change and impermeabilization of the local land surfaces has made San José de Mayo more prone to flooding over the 1987–2017 period.{{Cite journal |title=Causas de eventos de inundación en la ciudad de San José de Mayo, Uruguay |journal=Norte Grande Geography Journal |url=https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-34022022000200209&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es |last1=Schön |first1=Feline |volume=83 |last2=Zabaleta |first2=Bernardo|last3=Achkar |first3=Marcel |doi=10.4067/S0718-34022022000200209 |year=2022 |issue=82 |pages=209–230 |s2cid=253334325 |language=Spanish |trans-title=Causes of flooding events in the city of San José de Mayo, Uruguay|hdl=20.500.12008/41563 |hdl-access=free }}
History
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
San José de Mayo was founded on 1 July 1783. It had acquired "Villa" (town) status before the independence of Uruguay, which was elevated to "Ciudad" (city) on 12 July 1856 by the Act of Ley Nº 495. During the 19th century it became a commercial and cultural centre, known as "Montevideo chico" ("little Montevideo"). The theatre "Teatro Macció" was constructed at the turn of the 20th century.
Population
In 2023 San José de Mayo had a population of 38,553.{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20DEPARTAMENTAL/San%20Jos%C3%A9/P_3_SAJ.xls |title=Censos 2011 Cuadros San José |year=2012 |publisher=INE |accessdate=25 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309095046/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20DEPARTAMENTAL/San%20Jos%C3%A9/P_3_SAJ.xls |archivedate=9 March 2013 }}
| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.1em;"
! Year | Population |
| align="right"
| 1867 | 3,224 |
| align="right"
| 1908 | 12,297 |
| align="right"
| 1963 | 27,482 |
| align="right"
| 1975 | 28,554 |
| align="right"
| 1985 | 31,825 |
| align="right"
| 1996 | 34,552 |
| align="right"
| 2004 | 36,129 |
| align="right"
| 2011 | 36,743 |
| align="right"
| 2023 | 38,553 |
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/toponimico/Categorizaci%F3n%20localidades%20urbanas%20orden%20alfab%E9tico.pdf |title=Statistics of urban localities (1867–2004) |publisher=INE |year=2012 |accessdate=5 September 2012}}
Places of worship
- Cathedral Basilica and National Sanctuary of St. Joseph (Roman Catholic)
- Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompei Parish Church (Roman Catholic)
- Our Lady of Fatima Parish Church (Roman Catholic)
- Our Lady of the Orchard Chapel (Roman Catholic)
Economy
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
Besides being the administrative capital of the department, the city is an active regional commercial and financial centre. Its economy is linked mainly to cattle ranching, and it is an agro-industrial centre for dairy products, packing houses, mills, and chemicals.
Notable residents
- {{ill|Cesár Cortinas|es}}, (1892-1918), musician and composer
- Laura Cortinas (1881-1969), writer, politician, feminist and playwright
- Ismael Cortinas (1884-1940), politician
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20121010052539/http://www.ine.gub.uy/mapas/censos2011/para%20colgar%20en%20web/pdf/16_UYSJ/Localidades/A0H_16220_827%20San%20Jose%20de%20Mayo%20y%20otra.pdf INE map of San José de Mayo]
{{San José Department}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:San Jose de Mayo}}
Category:Populated places in the San José Department
Category:Populated places established in 1783
{{SanJoséUY-geo-stub}}