San Martin Tuxtla
{{Infobox mountain
| name = San Martin Tuxtla
| photo = Volcansanmartin.jpg
| photo_size =
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 1650
| elevation_ref =
| prominence_m =
| prominence_ref=
| location = Gulf of Mexico, Mexico
| map = Mexico
| range_coordinates =
| coordinates = {{coord|18|34|0|N|95|12|0|W|type:mountain_region:MX_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref =
| type = Shield Volcano
| last_eruption = 1794 to 1796
}}
The isolated San Martin Tuxtla volcano is a shield volcano which rises above the Gulf of Mexico. It has had eruptions in historical times. It occurs in the Tuxtla volcanic field in Veracruz, Mexico. Lavas from San Martin vary between basanite and alkali basalt.[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992BVol...55...85N Nelson, Stephen A. and Gonzalez-Caver, Erika; Geology and K-Ar dating of the Tuxtla Volcanic Field, Veracruz, Mexico, Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume 55, Issue 1-2, pp. 85-96] Locally the volcano is also known as Tiltépetl (Black Mountain in the Nahuatl language).
Morphology
San Martin forms a broad shield volcano, it rises to a height of 1680 m and is capped by a 1 km wide summit crater which is 150 m in depth. The crater contains two pyroclastic cones that were the source of the large 1793 eruption. The flanks of the volcano are dotted with 250 pyroclastic cones and maars, some of which have been active in historical times. The volcano is currently densely forested.{{cite gvp|name=San Martín|vn=341110|access-date=2021-06-27}}
Eruptions
1664 eruption: A large VEI 3 eruption occurred from the southeast flank. This led to an evacuation.{{cite gvp|name=San Martín: Eruptive history|vtab=Eruptions|vn=341110|access-date=2021-06-27}}
1793 eruption: A large VEI 4 eruption came from two pyroclastic cones in the summit, it produced widespread ashfall and lava flows that ran down the northeast flank.
1794-1796 eruption: A small VEI 2 eruption that continued for two years started in May, 1794.
References
{{Reflist}}
- Kobs Nawotniak, S. E., J, Espindola and L. Godinez, Spatio-temporal evolution of the Tuxtla Volcanic Field, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, Volume 197, Issues 1–4, 30 November 2010, Pages 188–208 [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027309003217 Abstract]
- [http://www.volcanolive.com/sanmartin.html Volcanolive]
External links
{{commons category|San Martin Tuxtla}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20200221014850/http://www.catemaco.info/los_tuxtlas/tuxtlas_info.html Volcanoes of Los Tuxlas]
{{Authority control}}
Category:Holocene shield volcanoes
Category:Volcanoes of Veracruz
Category:North American 1000 m summits
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