Sangtam language
{{Short description|Naga language spoken in northeast India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Sangtam
| altname = Thukumi, Sangtam Naga
| nativename = {{lang|nsa|Lophomi}}
| region = East-central Nagaland, Tuensang and Khiphire districts
| ethnicity = Sangtam
| speakers = 76,000
| date = 2011 census
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = Tibeto-Burman
| fam3 = Central Tibeto-Burman (?)
| fam4 = Kuki-Chin–Naga
| fam5 = Central Naga
| iso3 = nsa
| glotto = sang1321
| glottorefname = Sangtam Naga
}}
{{Naga people}}
Sangtam, also called Thukumi, Isachanure, or Lophomi, is a Naga language spoken in northeast India. It is spoken in Kiphire District and in the Longkhim-Chare circle in Tuensang district, Nagaland, India.
Dialects
Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Sangtam.
- Kizare
- Pirr (Northern Sangtam)
- Phelongre
- Thukumi (Central Sangtam)
- Photsimi
- Purr (Southern Sangtam)
The standardized dialect of Sangtam is based on the Tsadanger village speech variety.
Phonology
Sangtam is unusual in having two stops with bilabial trilled release, {{IPA|/t̪͡ʙ, t̪͡ʙ̥ʰ/}}.{{cite conference |last=Coupe |first=Alexander |year=2015 |url=https://www.academia.edu/12300720/Prestopped_bilabial_trills_in_Sangtam |title=Prestopped bilabial trills in Sangtam |book-title=Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, Glasgow, 10–14 August 2015 |isbn=978-0-85261-941-4 |publisher=University of Glasgow |location=Glasgow |id=Paper no. 0734.1–5}}
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
colspan="2" |
! Labial ! Dental ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |
---|
colspan="2" | Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} | | {{IPA link|n}} | | {{IPA link|ɲ}} | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
rowspan=2| Plosive
! plain | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t̪}} | | {{IPA link|ʈ}} | {{IPA link|c}} | {{IPA link|k}} | {{IPA link|ʔ}} |
aspirated
| {{IPA link|pʰ}} | {{IPA link|t̪ʰ}} | | {{IPA link|ʈʰ}} | {{IPA link|cʰ}} | {{IPA link|kʰ}} | |
rowspan=2| Affricate
! plain | | {{IPA link|t͡s}} | | {{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | | |
aspirated
| {{IPA link|t͡ʙ̥ʰ}} | | {{IPA link|t͡sʰ}} | | {{IPA link|t͡ʃʰ}} | | |
rowspan=2| Fricative
! voiceless | ({{IPA link|f}}) | | {{IPA link|s}} | | {{IPA link|ʃ}} | {{IPA link|x}} | {{IPA link|h}} |
voiced
| ({{IPA link|v}}) | | ({{IPA link|z}}) | | | | |
colspan=2| Approximant
| | | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|ɻ}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | |
- All phonemes with /t/ are dental.
- /ʈ/ is realised like [ʈʵ].
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
colspan="2" |
! Front ! Back |
---|
colspan=2| Close
| {{IPA link|i}} | {{IPA link|u}} |
colspan=2| Close-mid
| {{IPA link|e}} | {{IPA link|o}} |
colspan=2| Open/ Open-mid | {{IPA link|a}} | {{IPA link|ʌ}} |
All vowels can have high, mid, or low tone
References
{{reflist}}
{{Kuki-Chin–Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}