Trilled affricate

{{short description|Consonants with a stop beginning and trill release}}

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In articulatory phonetics, trilled affricates, also known as post-trilled consonants, are consonants which begin as a stop and have a trill release. These consonants are reported to exist in some Northern Paman languages in Australia,Hale, Kenneth (1976). "Phonological Developments in Particular Northern Paman Languages." In: Languages of Cape York, ed. Peter Sutton. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. as well as in some Chapacuran languages such Wariʼ language and Austronesian languages such as Fijian and Malagasy.

class="wikitable"
Sound (voiceless)	IPA	Languages	Sound (voiced)	IPA	Languages
Voiceless trilled bilabial affricate	{{IPA|[pʙ̥]}}	Namuyi	Voiced trilled bilabial affricate	{{IPA|[bʙ]}}	Kele and Avava. Only reported in an allophone of [mb] before [o] or [u], Namuyi
Voiceless trilled alveolar affricate	{{IPA|[tr̥]}}	Ngkoth | Voiced trilled alveolar affricate	{{IPA|[dr]}}	Nias, Fijian and Avava also have this sound after [n].
Voiceless epiglottal affricate	{{IPA|[ʡʜ]}}	Not attested in any natural language, but may occur in Hydaburg Haida.	Voiced epiglottal affricate	{{IPA|[ʡʢ]}}	Hydaburg Haida. Possibly voiceless or a stop instead. Cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.{{Cite web |url=http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |title= Bessell 1993 |access-date=2015-06-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185927/http://lingserver.arts.ubc.ca/linguistics/sites/default/files/1993_Bessell.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 }}

In Fijian, trilling is rare in these sounds, and they are frequently distinguished by being postalveolar.{{SOWL}} p. 131 In Malagasy, they may have a rhotic release, {{IPA|[ʈɽ̝̊ ɳʈɽ̝̊ ɖɽ̝ ɳɖɽ̝]}}, be simple stops, {{IPA|[ʈ ɳʈ ɖ ɳɖ]}}, or standard affricates, {{IPA|[ʈʂ ɳʈʂ ɖʐ ɳɖʐ]}}.

Most post-trilled consonants are affricates: the stop and trill share the same place of articulation. However, there is a rare exception in a few neighboring Amazonian languages, where a voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop, {{IPA|[t̪͡ʙ̥]}} (occasionally written {{IPA|[tᵖ]}}) is reported from Pirahã and from a few words in the Chapacuran languages Wariʼ and Oro Win. In the Chapacuran languages, {{IPA|[tʙ̥]}} is reported almost exclusively before rounded vowels such as {{IPA|[o]}} and {{IPA|[y]}}. Sangtam contrasts {{IPA|[t͡ʙ]}} with aspirated {{IPA|[t͡ʙ̥ʰ]}}

Hydaburg Haida {{IPA|[ʡʢ]}} is cognate to Southern Haida {{IPA|[ɢ]}}, Masset Haida {{IPA|[ʕ]}}.