Sanguisorba officinalis
{{short description|Species of flowering plant in the rose family Rosaceae}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Speciesbox
|name= Great burnet
|image = Sanguisorba_officinalis.jpg
|genus = Sanguisorba
|species = officinalis
|authority = L.
|synonyms={{Collapsible list|
- Pimpinella officinalis (L.) Lam.
- Poterium boreale Salisb.
- Poterium officinale (L.) A.Gray
- Poterium officinale (L.) F.B.Forbes & Hemsl.
- Sanguisorba altissima Moench
- Sanguisorba andersonii G.Don
- Sanguisorba auriculata Scop.
- Sanguisorba baicalensis Popl.
- Sanguisorba bracteosa Besser ex Eichw.
- Sanguisorba carnea Fisch. ex Link
- Sanguisorba cernua Besser
- Sanguisorba cordifolia Opiz
- Sanguisorba cylindrica Charb.
- Sanguisorba glandulosa Kom.
- Sanguisorba hispanica Mill.
- Sanguisorba komaroviana Nedol.
- Sanguisorba longa (Kitag.) Kitag.
- Sanguisorba major Gilib.
- Sanguisorba media L.
- Sanguisorba menziesii Rydb.
- Sanguisorba microcephala C.Presl
- Sanguisorba montana Jord. ex Boreau
- Sanguisorba neglecta G.Don
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. dilutiflora (Kitag.) Liou & C.Y.Li
- Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. glandulosa (Kom.) Kamelin & Gubanov
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. globularis (Nakai ex T.Kawamoto) W.Lee
- Sanguisorba officinalis var. latifoliata Liou & C.Y.Li
- Sanguisorba officinalis subsp. microcephala (C.Presl) Calder & Roy L.Taylor
- Sanguisorba officinalis f. pallescens Asai
- Sanguisorba officinalis f. pilosella (Ohwi) H.Hara
- Sanguisorba polygama F.Nyl.
- Sanguisorba praecox Besser ex Rchb.
- Sanguisorba rubra Schrank
- Sanguisorba sabauda Mill.
- Sanguisorba serotina Jord.
- Sanguisorba taurica Juz.
- Sanguisorba unsanensis Nakai
}}}}
Image:sanguisorba officinalisseeds.jpg which contain the seeds]]
Sanguisorba officinalis, commonly known as great burnet, is a plant in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. It is native throughout the cooler regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, northern Asia, and northern North America.
It is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m tall, which occurs in grasslands, growing well on grassy banks. It flowers June or July.{{citation|url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Sanguisorba+officinalis|title=Plants for a Future: Sanguisorba officinalis}}
Sanguisorba officinalis is an important food plant for the European large blue butterflies Phengaris nausithous and P. teleius.World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. {{Citation|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/12662/all|title=Maculinea nausithous}}. {{Citation|url=http://www.iucnredlist.org|title=2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.}} Downloaded on 6 October 2010
Commercial uses
Use is made of its extensive root system for erosion control, as well as a bioremediator, used to reclaim derelict sites such as landfills.
Ornamental
Sanguisorba officinalis is one of several Sanguisorba species cultivated as ornamental plants. The cultivar 'Tanna' is widely available, and has won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/183840/Sanguisorba-Tanna/Details | title = Sanguisorba 'Tanna' | website = www.rhs.org | publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | access-date = 5 March 2021}} The synonym Sanguisorba menziesii is also listed as having gained the Award.{{cite web |title=Sanguisorba menziesii |url=https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/102853/sanguisorba-menziesii/details |date=2021 |publisher=The Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=20 May 2021 }}
Ethnomedical uses
It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) where it is known by the name Di Yu. It is said to cool the blood, stop bleeding, clear heat, and heal wounds (Chinese Herbal Materia Medica by Dan Bensky).
Specifically, the root is used to stop bloody dysentery, nosebleeds, and is applied topically to treat burns and insect bites.{{citation needed|date=December 2011}}
Phytochemistry
Sanguiin H-6 is a dimeric ellagitannin that can be found in S. officinalis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Bastow KF, Bori ID, Fukushima Y, Kashiwada Y, Tanaka T, Nonaka G, Nishioka I, Lee KH |title=Inhibition of DNA topoisomerases by sanguiin H-6, a cytotoxic dimeric ellagitannin from Sanguisorba officinalis |journal=Planta Med. |volume=59 |issue=3 |pages=240–5 |date=June 1993 |pmid=8391144 |doi=10.1055/s-2006-959659 }}
Ziyuglycoside II is a triterpenoid saponin that can be found in S. officinalis.{{cite journal |vauthors=Zhu X, Wang K, Zhang K, Zhu L, Zhou F |title=Ziyuglycoside II induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human breast cancer cells |journal=Toxicol. Lett. |volume=227 |issue=1 |pages=65–73 |date=May 2014 |pmid=24680927 |doi=10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.03.015 }}
References
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Category:Plants described in 1753
Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
{{rosoideae-stub}}