Saragurs

{{short description|Extinct Turkic ethnic group}}

The Saragurs or Saraguri ({{langx|el|Σαράγουροι}}, {{langx|syr|s.r.w.r.g.wr}},{{cite book|author=Gyula Moravcsik|title=Byzantinoturcica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NwrTAAAAMAAJ|year=1958|publisher=Akademie-Verlag|page=268}} Šarağurs) were a Turkic{{harvnb|Kim|2013}}; {{harvnb|Golden|1992|pp=92–93, 103}} nomadic tribe mentioned in the 5th and 6th centuries. They may be the Sulujie (蘇路羯, suoluo-kjɐt) mentioned in the Chinese Book of Sui.Cheng, Fanyi. "The Research on the Identification between the Tiele (鐵勒) and the Oğuric tribes" in Archivum Eurasiae Medii AeviARCHIVUM EURASIAE ed. Th. T. Allsen, P. B. Golden, R. K. Kovalev, A. P. Martinez. 19 (2012). Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. p. 106 They originated from Western Siberia and the Kazakh steppes, from where they were displaced north of the Caucasus by the Sabirs.{{cite book|author=Greatrex|title=The Chronicle of Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetor: Church and War in Late Antiquity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXI51LfeEsoC&pg=PA449|year=2011|publisher=Liverpool University Press|isbn=978-1-84631-493-3|pages=449–|display-authors=etal}}

Around 463 AD, the Akatziri and other tribes that had been part of the Hunnic union were attacked by the Saragurs, one of the first Oghur tribes that entered the Pontic–Caspian steppe as the result of migrations set off in Inner Asia by the Uar attacking the Kidara (a sub-group of the Xiyon).{{sfn|Golden|1992|p=92–93, 103}} The Akatziri had lived north of the Black Sea, west of Crimea.{{sfn|Blockley|1992|p=73}} According to Priscus, in 463 Ernakh and Dengizich sent the representatives of Saragurs, Oghurs (or Urogi,{{sfn|Blockley|1992|p=73}} perhaps a Byzantine error for Uyghurs{{sfn|Kim|2013|p=175}}) and Onogurs to the Emperor in Constantinople,{{sfn|Golden|1992|p=92–93}} and explained they had been driven out of their homeland by the Sabirs, who had been attacked by the Avars in Inner Asia.{{sfn|Golden|1992|p=92–93, 97}}{{sfn|Golden|2011|p=70}} In 469, the Saragurs requested and received Roman protection.{{sfn|Hussey|1966|p=469}} In the late 500s, the Saragurs, Kutrigurs, Utigurs and Onogurs held part of the steppe north of the Black Sea.{{sfn|Curta|2001|p=208}} In 555, Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor mentions the Saragurs as one of thirteen nomadic tribes north of Caucasus, however, it is uncertain if the tribe still existed at this time.{{sfn|Kim|2013|p=141}} Between 630 and 635, Khan Kubrat managed to unite the Onogur Bulgars with the tribes of the Kutrigurs and Utigurs, and probably the Saragurs, under a single rule, creating a powerful confederation which was referred to by the medieval authors in Western Europe as Old Great Bulgaria,Patriarch Nikephoros I of Constantinople, Historia syntomos, breviarium or Patria Onoguria. According to some scholars, it is more correctly called the Onogundur-Bulgar Empire.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131021002118/http://www2.lingfil.uu.se/afro/turkiskasprak/IP2007/ZimonyiIP.pdf Zimonyi Istvan: "History of the Turkic speaking peoples in Europe before the Ottomans".] (Uppsala University: Institute of Linguistics and Philology) (archived from [http://www.lingfil.uu.se/afro/turkiskasprak/IP2007/ZimonyiIP.pdf the original] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722135727/http://www2.lingfil.uu.se/afro/turkiskasprak/IP2007/ZimonyiIP.pdf |date=2012-07-22 }} on 2013-10-21)

Saraγur or Šara Oγur means "yellow" or "white," and can even be translated as "western".D. Sinor, "Autour d’une Migration de Peuples au Ve siècle" in Journal Asiatique, 1946-1947, p. 5