Saurabh Kalia
{{Short description|Indian Army officer killed during the 1999 Kargil War}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = Captain
| name = Saurabh Kalia
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1976|6|29}}
| birth_place = Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1999|6|9|1976|6|30}}
| death_place = Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir (now Ladakh), India
| image = Skalia.jpg
| caption = Kalia in 1998
| allegiance = {{flagdeco|India}} Republic of India
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 1998–1999
| service_number = IC-58522
| battles = Kargil War{{POW}}{{Executed}}
}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
Captain Saurabh Kalia ({{IPA|pa|saurabha kālī'ā}}; {{Birth date|1976|6|29|df=y}} – {{Death date|1999|6|9|df=y}}) was an officer of the Indian Army who was killed during the Kargil War while being held as a prisoner of war by the Pakistan Army. He and five soldiers in his patrol group were captured by Pakistani troops following a gunfight at the Line of Control and tortured prior to their execution.
Early years
Saurabh Kalia was born on 29 June 1976 in Amritsar, Punjab, India, to Vijaya and N. K. Kalia.{{Cite magazine|date=July 26, 2019 |title=Capt Saurabh Kalia: Story of first Kargil martyr|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/capt-saurabh-kalia-story-of-first-kargil-martyr-1573838-2019-07-26|access-date=2021-07-14|magazine=India Today|language=en}}{{cite news|title=Saurabh Kalia's parents waging a lone battle to highlight war crimes|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/06/stories/2009070655650700.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713030728/http://www.hindu.com/2009/07/06/stories/2009070655650700.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2009|access-date=29 March 2012|newspaper=The Hindu|date=6 July 2009}} He attended D. A. V. Public School in Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, and then graduated from Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University in 1997 with a First-Class BSc-Med degree.{{Sfn|Bisht|2019|p=98}} He won various scholarships throughout his academic career.[http://www.hpkangra.nic.in/warriors.htm##kalia Lt. Saurabh Kalia] www.hpkangra.nic.in {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418093930/http://www.hpkangra.nic.in/warriors.htm#kalia |date=18 April 2007 }}{{dubious|reason=hagiographic and clearly making guesses -see talk|date=March 2020}}
Military career
Saurabh Kalia was selected the Indian Military Academy in August 1997 through the Combined Defence Services Examination and was commissioned on 12 December 1998. He was posted to the 4th battalion Jat Regiment in the Kargil Sector, where he arrived in mid-January 1999 after reporting at the Jat Regimental Centre, Bareilly, on 31 December 1998.{{Sfn|Bisht|2019|p=101}}
Kargil war
In the first two weeks of May 1999, several patrols were conducted in the Kaksar Langpa area of Kargil district to see if snow had receded enough for the area to be re-occupied.{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2017|p=173}} Kalia, who then held the rank of lieutenant, was the first Indian army officer to observe and report large-scale intrusion of Pakistani Army and foreign mercenaries on the Indian side of the Line of Control (LoC) at Kargil. He assumed guard of Bajrang Post at 13,000–14,000 feet to check infiltration in the Kaksar area.{{Sfn|Dwivedi|2017|p=174}}
On 15 May 1999, Kalia and five other soldiers – Sepoys Arjun Ram, Bhanwar Lal Bagaria, Bhika Ram, Moola Ram and Naresh Singh of the 4th Jat Regiment - were on a routine patrol of the Bajrang Post in the Kaksar sector in the Ladakh mountains when they engaged in a firefight with Pakistani forces across the LOC. The patrol out of ammunition, were encircled by a platoon of Pakistani army personnel and were captured before Indian reinforcements could reach them. Radio Skardu of Pakistan announced the capture.{{cite news|title=War in Kargil|url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1612/16120040.htm|access-date=29 March 2012|newspaper=Frontline, The Hindu|date= 5–18 June 1999}}{{cite news|title=Pakistan 'tortured Indians to death'|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/pakistan-tortured-indians-to-death-1099605.html|access-date=29 March 2012|newspaper=The Independent|date=12 June 1999}}
Indian officials stated that Kalia and his men were held captive from May 15, 1999, to June 7, 1999, and were subjected to severe torture. They stated that the evidence of torture was apparent from the injuries on their bodies when they were handed over by the Pakistani Army on June 9, 1999. Post-mortem examinations conducted by India reported that the prisoners variously had cigarette burns, ear-drums pierced with hot rods, many broken teeth and bones, fractured skulls, eyes that had been punctured before being removed, cut lips, chipped noses, and amputated limbs and genitalia. According to the examinations, these injuries preceded the captives being shot dead in the head.{{cite news |title=History in golden letters? |url=http://www.tehelka.com/story_main10.asp?filename=Cr021205History.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311201159/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main10.asp?filename=Cr021205History.asp |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=29 March 2012 |newspaper=tehelka.com |date=12 February 2005}}{{cite web |title=Is this how we should remember Kargil? |url=http://www.sify.com/news/is-this-how-we-should-remember-kargil-news-columns-khycdhdjfij.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727035051/http://sify.com/news/is-this-how-we-should-remember-kargil-news-columns-khycdhdjfij.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 July 2010 |website=Sify News |access-date=29 March 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2020}}
Reaction
On 15 June 1999, India served Pakistan with a notice of breach of the Geneva Convention for the torture and killing of the prisoners of war.{{cite web|title=Breach of Geneva Convention by Pak armed forces |url=http://mealib.nic.in/far/1999.pdf |work=Foreign Affairs Record 1999 |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India |access-date=29 March 2012 }} The Minister of External Affairs, Jaswant Singh, raised the issue with Sartaj Aziz, the Foreign Minister of Pakistan, seeking identification and punishment of those responsible, but Pakistan denied the charges of torture.{{cite web |title=Letter from the Minister of External affairs |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/07karglet.htm |work=Lest We Forget |publisher=Ministry of External Affairs, Govt. of India |access-date=29 March 2012}}
On 14 December 2012 Pakistan's Interior Minister, Rehman Malik, said that he had just recently heard of the case and that it was not known whether Kalia was killed with a Pakistani bullet or died because of the weather. He also said he would like to meet Kalia's father to find out what exactly had happened with his son. The same day, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Government of India to respond within ten weeks to a petition filed by Kalia's father.{{cite news |url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/captain-kalia-may-died-because-weather-rehman-malik-145837872.html |title=Captain Kalia may have died because of weather: Rehman Malik |date=14 December 2012 |access-date=19 May 2013 |publisher=ANI}}
Efforts by family
Kalia's family has campaigned to have the acts declared a war crime by the United Nations and the people responsible punished in accordance with the Geneva Convention.
Kalia's father approached various national and international organisations to put pressure on Pakistan to identify and punish the persons allegedly responsible.{{cite news |last=Sood|first=Ravinder |title=Seven years, Captain Kalia's family still waiting for justice |url=http://hillpost.in/2008/03/21/seven-years-captain-kalias-family-waits-for-justice/4890/more2/activism/rsood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202180038/http://hillpost.in/2008/03/21/seven-years-captain-kalias-family-waits-for-justice/4890/more2/activism/rsood |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 December 2011 |access-date=29 March 2012 |date=21 March 2008}}{{cite news |title=CJ takes on India, Pak govts over torture of Kargil hero |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/58607/cj-takes-on-indian-pak-govts-over-armymans-torture.html |access-date=29 March 2012 |newspaper=CNN-IBN |date=10 February 2008 |archive-date=1 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201142447/http://ibnlive.in.com/videos/58607/cj-takes-on-indian-pak-govts-over-armymans-torture.html |url-status=dead }} As of 2004, Britain had responded by saying that it had unsuccessfully sought a full report from the Indian army, while Israel noted it had no diplomatic relations with Pakistan. Germany said it had no response to enquiries made to the Ministry of External Affairs, and Pakistan rejected the allegations.{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/07karg4.htm|title=Kargil first hero|access-date=30 August 2019|work=Rediff}}
The father stated in 2009 that he has failed to achieve his goals despite {{blockquote|shuttling between various government offices and organisations ... I am ashamed of being an Indian. The country has spineless leaders ... Though the then Atal Bihari Vajpayee-led National Democratic Alliance government at the Centre expressed concern over the heinous crime and promised to take up the issue at the international level, in all these years the issue got diluted.}}
An online petition started by the father to highlight the plight of the war victims was pursued by the MP Rajeev Chandrasekhar, who wrote to the External Affairs Minister and raised questions in Parliament as to why the Government had not taken up the case with the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC). In response, Defence Minister A. K. Antony wrote to Kalia's parents in October 2013 that India was bound by the Simla Agreement, and any differences with Pakistan would be settled bilaterally.{{cite news| title=Govt surrenders to Pakistan on Kargil hero| url=http://in.news.yahoo.com/govt-surrenders-to-pakistan-on-kargil-hero-031717597.html| access-date=20 November 2013| date=20 November 2013| publisher=Mail Today}}
"In order to declare a war crime, the Ministry of Defence needs to write to the Ministry of External Affairs, which then takes up the matter with the UNHRC. The council then refers the matter to the General Assembly, which can declare war crime. It then goes to the international court of justice (ICJ). It is the ministry of external affairs that did not follow up the case with the UN" said Colonel S. K. Aggarwal, a former Judge Advocate General officer.{{cite news |title=Lest We Forget, Kargil's first hero |url=http://specials.rediff.com/news/2004/jun/07kalia.htm |access-date=29 March 2012 |newspaper=Rediff news |date=7 June 2004}} An affidavit filed by the External Affairs ministry in November 2013, said that "moving the ICJ is not a legally enforceable right" and that Pakistan may not permit India submitting a proposal to ICJ.
In 2012, Indian Army Chief General Bikram Singh reportedly supported the efforts of Kalia's father by writing to the Ministry of Defence and National Human Rights Commission conveying his concerns.{{cite web|title=General Bikram Singh extends Support to Family of Kargil Hero Capt. Kalia|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2012/11/general-bikram-singh-extends-support-to-family-of-kargil-hero-capt-kalia/|work=IANS|publisher=Biharprabha News}}
N. K. Kalia, along with Chandrasekhar, and the Flags of Honour Foundation, (an organisation dedicated to building ceaseless engagement between society and the families of killed soldiers), filed a petition on 7 December 2012 with Juan E. Méndez, UN Special Rapporteur on Torture, of the Office of High Commissioner of Human Rights in Geneva.{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/report/captain-kalias-father-takes-fight-for-justice-to-un/20121211.htm| title=Captain Kalia's father takes fight for justice to UN |author=Vicky Nanappa |date=11 December 2012 |access-date=19 May 2013 |publisher=rediff}} The Indian External Affairs Ministry said it would look at the nature of the petition, as the UNHRC is an inter-state body and usually acts only in terms of initiatives taken by its member states.{{cite news| url=http://m.indianexpress.com/news/kargil-hero-saurabh-kalias-father-approaches-unhrc/1043766/| title=Kargil hero Lt Saurabh Kalia's father approaches UNHRC| date=11 December 2012| access-date=19 May 2013| publisher=rediff}}
Following the formation of the Narendra Modi ministry, the Supreme Court accepted a public interest litigation (PIL) case in September 2014, filed by N. K. Kalia and Sarwa Mitter, and asked the government to respond within six weeks. The Court wanted to know the stance of the new regime, and wondered why the government had not approached the International Court of Justice.{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-bring-back-indian-pows-in-pakistan/article6439815.ece| title=Bring back Indian PoWs in Pakistan, says apex court| date=24 September 2014| work=The Hindu}} The government's reply listed the actions taken by the previous government but did not state any proposals for the future. Instead, the government challenged the validity of the petition, saying that a PIL cannot seek action against a foreign country and that foreign policy is a government function.{{cite news| url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/beheading-at-loc-poll-over-nda-backs-what-upa-did/| title=Beheading at LoC: Poll over, NDA backs what UPA did| publisher=Indian Express| author=Utkarsh Anand| date=12 December 2014}}
Memorials
In Himachal Pradesh, a memorial park in Palampur is named "Saurabh Van Vihar", a street as "Capt Saurabh Kalia Marg" and the locality as "Saurabh Nagar".{{cite news |title=For these parents, life's a mix of grief, pride |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/72179/ |access-date=29 March 2012 |newspaper=The Indian Express |date=11 June 2005}} A statue in his memory has been erected in Amritsar by Amritsar Working Journalists Association.{{Sfn|Singh|2001|p=128}} A liquefied petroleum gas agency has been allotted by the Indian Oil Corporation to his parents.
References
{{Reflist|2}}
Bibliography
- {{Cite book|last=Bisht|first=Rachna Singh|title=Kargil: Untold Stories from the War|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2019|isbn=9-789-353-05591-2}}
- {{Cite book|last=Singh|first=Mohinder|title=Punjab 2000: Political and Socio-economic Developments|date=2001|publisher=Anamika Publishers & Distributors|isbn=978-81-86565-90-2|language=en}}
- {{Cite book|last=Dwivedi|first=Diksha|title=Letters from Kargil: The war through our soldier's eyes|date=2017|publisher=Juggernaut Books|isbn=978-93-86228-43-7|language=en}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kalia, Saurabh}}
Category:Military personnel from Amritsar
Category:People from Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
Category:Indian prisoners of war
Category:Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni
Category:People of the Kargil War
Category:Prisoners of war held by Pakistan
Category:People executed by Pakistan by firearm
Category:Deaths by firearm in India