Sawran, Aleppo Governorate#civilwar
{{Other uses|Suran (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawran
| native_name = صوران
| native_name_lang = ar
| other_name =
| type = Town
| pushpin_map = Syria
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 250
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Sawran in Syria
| coordinates = {{coord|format=dms|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg}} Syria
| subdivision_type1 = Governorate
| subdivision_name1 = Aleppo
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = Azaz
| subdivision_type3 = Subdistrict
| subdivision_name3 = Sawran
| parts_type = Control
| parts_style = para
| p1 = {{TUR}}
{{flagicon|Syrian opposition}} Syrian Interim Government
| elevation_m = 444
| population = 16998
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes = {{#tag:ref|{{cite web |title=2004 Census Data for Nahiya Sawran, Aleppo Governorate|url=http://www.cbssyr.sy/new%20web%20site/General_census/census_2004/NH/TAB02-27-2004.htm |publisher=Syrian Central Bureau of Statistics |language=ar }} Also available in English: {{cite web |author=UN OCHA |author-link=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs |title=2004 Census Data |url=https://data.humdata.org/dataset/syrian-arab-republic-other-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 |publisher=Humanitarian Data Exchange }}|name=census2004}}
| timezone = EET
| utc_offset = +2
| timezone_DST = EEST
| utc_offset_DST = +3
| geocode = C1664
| website =
| official_name =
}}
Sawran ({{langx|ar|صوران|Ṣawrān}}), also spelled Suran, Souran or Sawwaran, is a town in northern Aleppo Governorate, northwestern Syria. Located {{convert|22|km|mi}} north of the city of Aleppo, it is the administrative centre of Nahiya Sawran in Azaz District. Nearby localities include A'zaz and Kafra to the west, Ihtaimlat and Dabiq to the east and Mare' to the south. In the 2004 census, Sawran had a population of 6,988. The town is mainly inhabited by Turkmens.{{cite book |last1=Youssef |first1=Houssein |title=Halep Türkmen Masallarının Propp Metodu Açısından Çözümlenmesi |date=2014 |location=Ankara |page=12 |url=http://www.openaccess.hacettepe.edu.tr:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11655/1461/f7d35a7b-a25c-4e09-bb74-170fe62c0ae6.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=6 December 2022}}
File:Sawran nahiyah.svg of the Azaz District.]]
History
Sawran's history dates back to the Iron Age when it was an Aramaean settlement in the Kingdom of Bit Adini known as "Surunu." In a military campaign against Bit Adini's king Ahuni, the Neo-Assyrian king Shalmaneser III raided and captured Surunu.Bryce, 2009, pp. 674-675. It later came under the rule of Assyrian king Tiglath Pileser III.Lipinsky, 2000, pp. 210-211.
During the Byzantine era in Syria, Sawran was inhabited by the Arab tribe of Tanukh. Before the Muslim conquest it served an Arab Christian center and contained a fortified monastery. During early Islamic rule, Sawran was part of Jund Qinnasrin ("Military District of Chalcis"), part of the larger Bilad al-Sham province.Shahid, 2009, p. 404.
=Syrian civil war=
During the Syrian civil war, the town saw two massacres of pro-opposition civilians by pro-government regular and irregular forces: on 20 May 2012 (37 civilian casualties) and on 8 February 2018 (30 civilian casualties).{{cite web | last=Baiou | first=Sabrine | title=Under the Guise of Aid: The Far-Right French NGO Allegedly Supporting War Crimes in Syria | website=New Lines Institute | date=2021-11-29 | url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/syria/under-the-guise-of-aid-the-far-right-french-ngo-allegedly-supporting-war-crimes-in-syria/ | access-date=2022-09-14|quote=}} The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took control of the town on 31 May 2015.{{cite news |title=Dozens reported killed in violence across Syria |url= http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/06/dozens-reported-killed-violence-syria-150621094323873.html |newspaper=Al Jazeera |date=21 June 2015 |access-date=5 July 2015}} On 16 October 2016, Turkish-backed rebels captured the town from ISIL.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-37670998|title=Syria conflict: Rebels 'capture' IS stronghold of Dabiq|date=2016-10-16|newspaper=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-10-16}}[http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/16/السيطرة-على-دابق-تقضي-على-أهم-ذرائع-تنظ/ السيطرة على دابق تقضي على أهم ذرائع تنظيم “الدولة الإسلامية”.]
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|first=Trevor|last=Bryce|title=The Routledge Handbook of The People and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Earky Bronze Age to the fall of the Persians Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1aF0hq1GR8C&q=Sawran+Syria|publisher=Routledge|year=2009|isbn=978-1134159086}}
- {{cite book|first=Edward|last=Lipinsky|title=The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrMKKtiBBI4C&q=Tell+Rif'at|publisher=Peeters Publishers|year=2000|isbn=9042908599}}
- {{cite book|first=Irfan|last=Shahid|title=Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Part 2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=js30HODt2aYC&q=Huwwarin|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0884023470}}
{{refend}}
{{Aleppo Governorate|azaz}}