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Scolopendridae#Genera

{{Short description|Family of centipedes}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|122.46|0}} Early Cretaceous to present

| image = Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2291.JPG

| image_caption = Scolopendra cingulata

| taxon = Scolopendridae

| authority = Newport, 1844

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision = See text.

}}

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ){{Cite book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81210 |title=The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology |date=1891 |publisher=Taylor and Francis, Ltd |volume=7 |location=London}}, from Ancient Greek σκόλοψ (skólops), meaning "thorn", and ἔντερον (énteron), meaning "earthworm", is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,{{Cite journal |last=Schileyko |first=Arkady A. |date=2006 |title=Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302908978 |journal=Arthropoda Selecta |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=9–17 |via=ResearchGate}} and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),{{Cite journal|last1=Chagas-Junior|first1=Amazonas|last2=Edgecombe|first2=Gregory D.|last3=Minelli|first3=Alessandro|date=2008-09-29|title=Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil|journal=Zootaxa|volume=1888|issue=1|pages=36|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2|s2cid=86220862 |issn=1175-5334|doi-access=free}} and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).{{Cite journal|last1=Jiang|first1=Chao|last2=Bai|first2=Yunjun|last3=Shi|first3=Mengxuan|last4=Liu|first4=Juan|date=2020-12-05|title=Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century|url=https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/51461/|journal=ZooKeys|language=en|issue=932 |pages=75–91|doi=10.3897/zookeys.932.51461|pmid=32476974 |pmc=7239954 |issn=1313-2970|doi-access=free }}{{Cite journal|last1=Edgecombe|first1=Gregory D.|last2=Huey|first2=Joel A.|last3=Humphreys|first3=William F.|last4=Hillyer|first4=Mia|last5=Burger|first5=Mieke A.|last6=Volschenk|first6=Erich S.|last7=Waldock|first7=Julianne M.|date=2019|title=Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)|url=https://bioone.org/journals/invertebrate-systematics/volume-33/issue-6/IS19015/Blind-scolopendrid-centipedes-of-the-genus-Cormocephalus-from-subterranean-habitats/10.1071/IS19015.full|journal=Invertebrate Systematics|volume=33|issue=6|pages=807–824|doi=10.1071/IS19015|s2cid=209585200 |issn=1445-5226|url-access=subscription}} Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Natali |date=2021-04-22 |title=Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede {{!}} Sci.News |url=https://www.sci.news/biology/scolopendra-alcyona-09582.html |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=Sci.News: Breaking Science News |language=en-US}}{{cite news|title = Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first|last = Holmes|first = O.|url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/01/giant-swimming-venomous-centipede-found-south-east-asia|date = 1 July 2016|access-date = 1 July 2016|newspaper = The Guardian}}{{cite web|title = 'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered|last = Bates|first = M.|date = 26 June 2016|access-date = 1 July 2016|url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/amphibious-centipede-discovered-laos-scolopendra-cataracta-new-species/|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160626122234/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/06/amphibious-centipede-discovered-laos-scolopendra-cataracta-new-species/|url-status = dead|archive-date = June 26, 2016|publisher = National Geographic}}Gravely, F.H. ″[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11141806 Two new species of Scolopendridae]″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415{{cite journal|title = A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos|first1 = W.|last1 = Siriwut|first2 = G. D.|last2 = Edgecombe|first3 = C.|last3 = Sutcharit|first4 = P.|last4 = Tongkerd|first5 = S.|last5 = Panha|journal = ZooKeys|issue = 590|pages = 1–124|year = 2016|doi = 10.3897/zookeys.590.7950|pmc = 4926625|pmid=27408540|doi-access = free}}{{Cite web |title=Centipede |url=https://www.vedantu.com/animal/centipede |access-date=2022-09-06 |website=VEDANTU}} Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330807189_When_sex_matters_Dramatic_sexual_dimorphism_in_the_venom_and_venom_system_of_the_centipede_Scolopendra_hardwickei When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei]. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.{{Cite journal |last1=Nystrom |first1=Gunnar S. |last2=Ward |first2=Micaiah J. |last3=Ellsworth |first3=Schyler A. |last4=Rokyta |first4=Darin R. |date=Nov 2019 |title=Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata) |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31445069/ |journal=Toxicon|volume=169 |pages=45–58 |doi=10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001 |issn=1879-3150 |pmid=31445069|s2cid=201644874 }}

Genera

= Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life |url=https://eol.org/pages/6373 |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=eol.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS - Report: Otostigminae |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1090733#null |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.itis.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> =

== Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/177020729 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref> ==

== Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/177020740 |access-date=2022-12-25 |website=www.gbif.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Muadsub |first1=Sawitree |last2=Sutcharit |first2=Chirasak |last3=Pimvichai |first3=Piyatida |last4=Enghoff |first4=Henrik |last5=Edgecombe |first5=Gregory D. |last6=Panha |first6=Somsak |date=2012-09-14 |title=Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3484.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3484 |issue=1 |pages=35 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==

= Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae |url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1090734#null |access-date=2022-08-29 |website=www.itis.gov}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> =

{{div col|colwidth=25em}}

  • Asanada Meinert, 1885 (= Pseudocryptops)

  • Asanadopsis Würmli, 1972

    • Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus)

  • Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758
  • Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841

  • Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992

    • {{div col end}}The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil.{{Cite web|title=Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii|url=https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=294429|access-date=17 December 2021|website=fossilworks.org}}

    References

    {{Reflist}}

    External links

    {{Commons category}}

    {{Wikispecies}}

    • http://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it

    {{Taxonbar|from=Q1060764}}

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    {{Authority control}}

    Category:Centipede families