Second screen

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A second screen involves the use of a secondary computing device to provide a different viewing experience for content on another device.

The term commonly refers to the use of such devices to provide interactive features, like posts on social media platforms that take input from the audience during a broadcast, such as a television program. This type of technology is designed to keep the audience engaged with what they are watching{{cite web|url=http://blog.educationalmeasures.com/how-to-encourage-participation-with-second-screen-technology|title=Encourage Participation With Second Screen Technology|work=educationalmeasures.com|access-date=13 July 2017|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710113534/http://blog.educationalmeasures.com/how-to-encourage-participation-with-second-screen-technology|url-status=dead}} and has been found to support social television and generate an online conversation around specific content.Mukherjee, P., and Jansen, B. J. (2015) Correlation of Brand Mentions in Social Media and Web Searching Before and After Real-Life Events: Phase Analysis of Social Media and Search Data for Super Bowl 2015 Commercials. International Workshop on Event Analytics Using Social Media Data, IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM2015) Atlantic City, New Jersey. 14–17 Nov{{cite web |url=http://www.tcs.com/Insights/Pages/Revolutionize_Television_Experience_Second_Screen.aspx |title=Tata Consultancy Services | Technology, Digital Solutions, Consulting |access-date=2015-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907230401/http://www.tcs.com/Insights/Pages/Revolutionize_Television_Experience_Second_Screen.aspx |archive-date=2015-09-07 }} It is a type of screen casting technology that allows a smartphone or tablet to display its contents on another screen. A second screen can also refer to having multiple monitors connected to a computer.

Analysis

Several studiesMukherjee, P., Wong, J.S., and Jansen, B. J. (2014) [https://faculty.ist.psu.edu/jjansen/academic/jansen_patterns_second_screens.pdf Patterns of Social Media Conversations Using Second Screens]. The Sixth ASE International Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom 2014). Stanford, CA. 27–31 MayGiglietto, F. and Selva, D. (2013) Second Screen and Participation: A Content

Analysis of a Full Season Dataset of Tweets, Social Science Research Network, p. 1-24. show a tendency to use another device while watching television such as a tablet or smartphone. Other studies distinguish a higher percentage of comments or posts on social networks about the content that is being watched (Nielsen ratings).{{cite web|url=http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/online_mobile/in-the-u-s-tablets-are-tv-buddies-while-ereaders-make-great-bedfellows/|title=Newswire – In the U.S., Tablets are TV Buddies while eReaders Make Great Bedfellows – Nielsen|work=nielsen.com|access-date=2 October 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.futuresource-consulting.com/living_with_digital.pdf|title=Living With Digital: Consumer Insights into Entertainment Consumption|access-date=December 9, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125080059/http://www.futuresource-consulting.com/living_with_digital.pdf|archive-date=November 25, 2011}}{{cite web|url=http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1008301|title=What Do TV-Social Media Multitaskers Talk About?|work=emarketer.com|access-date=2 October 2015|archive-date=23 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923235931/http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1008301|url-status=dead}}

Benefits include keeping the audience engaged (via polling, chatting, providing additional information about content and participants, etc.) and generating revenue via advertising, a second screen can be used as a metering solution to get information about the audience. It can be more far-reaching and inexpensive, which leads some to think a second screen may replace people meters in the future.{{Cite web | url=http://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/227053/nielsen-families-become-framilies-ratings-giant.html | title=Nielsen Families Become 'Framilies,' Ratings Giant Begins Registering Mobile Devices in TV Households}}

One factor hampering the growth of second screens is that many shows are creating their own applications for them. It is considered impractical to expect users to download multiple applications and switch between them for each channel or show.{{Cite web | url=https://possiblemobile.com/2013/04/5-reasons-why-second-screen-has-yet-to-go-mainstream/ | title=5 Things Keeping Second Screen Apps from the Masses – Double Encore| date=2013-04-16}}

Conference and business meeting organizers may also incorporate second screens to deepen audience engagement.{{cite web|url=http://www.nicemeeting.com/resources/whitepapers|title=White Papers|publisher=NiceMeeting|access-date=2014-06-04|archive-date=2017-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213144039/http://www.nicemeeting.com/resources/whitepapers|url-status=dead}} According to the "2014 Trend Tracker",http://www.ges.com/docs/default-source/default-document-library/ges-2014-trend-tracker.pdf {{Dead link|date=February 2022}} the second screen phenomenon is a significant and growing trend. "Attendees are so glued to their devices, even while watching a live presentation (or at home, on television) that marketers are supplying them with a simultaneous engagement tool they can access on that device," says Robin Stanley, VP-design and creative at GES.{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=2014 Trend Tracker |url=https://www.ufi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2014_ges_trend_tracker.pdf |access-date=May 5, 2023 |website=UFI.org}} "Software tools allow conference session presenters to share slides and presentations in real-time, so attendees can follow on with their device in hand." Second screen technology at conferences can be an integral part of the event experience by allowing conference attendees to engage with the speaker and other participants.

Applications

Many applications designed for the second screen give another form of interactivity to the user and another way to sell advertising content.{{cite web|url=http://www.good.is/post/double-the-glow-will-second-screen-apps-change-the-way-we-watch-tv/|title=Double The Glow: Will Second Screen Apps Change the Way We Watch TV?|work=GOOD Magazine|access-date=2 October 2015|date=2011-08-14}} Second screening may also involve applications not formally connected to the primary entertainment.{{Cite news |last=Yahr |first=Emily |date=2018-01-04 |title=Do you fall down a Wikipedia rabbit hole after each episode of 'The Crown'? You're not alone. |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2018/01/04/do-you-fall-down-a-wikipedia-rabbit-hole-after-each-episode-of-the-crown-youre-not-alone/ |access-date=2020-11-07 |issn=0190-8286}} Some examples include:

TV programs broadcasting live tweets and comments.{{cite news|url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/portada/Twitterrevolucion/elpepusoceps/20110313elpepspor_8/Tes|title=Twitterrevolución|author=Ediciones El País|work=EL PAÍS|access-date=2 October 2015|date=2011-03-13}}{{Cite web |url=https://dev.twitter.com/media/tweeting-for-tv |title=Tweeting for TV {{!}} Twitter Developers |access-date=2011-12-09 |archive-date=2011-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202024514/https://dev.twitter.com/media/tweeting-for-tv |url-status=dead }}
Synchronization of audio-visual content via web advertising.{{cite web|url=http://www.secondscreen.com/how-it-works|title=Maximizing TV Advertising ROI|work=secondscreen.com|access-date=2 October 2015}}
Applications that extend the content information; whether news, weather, chat to another screen.
Remote workers as business travelers can set up their working space anywhere to attend meetings and manage projects.
Shows that add content exclusively for the second screen to their websites.{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2011/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713111210/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2011/|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 13, 2011|title=2011 MTV Video Music Awards – Highlights, Winners, Performers and Photos from the 2011 MTV VMAs|work=mtv.com|access-date=2 October 2015}}
Applications that synchronize the content being viewed to the mobile device.{{cite web|url=http://dl.dropbox.com/u/2849649/The_Miso_Sync_Experiment.pdf|title=The Miso Sync Experiment|publisher=Dropbox|access-date=2014-01-25|archive-date=2011-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714213512/http://dl.dropbox.com/u/2849649/The_Miso_Sync_Experiment.pdf|url-status=dead}}
Video game consoles playing with extra data, such as map or strategy data, that synchronize with the content being viewed on the portable device, such as the Wii U.http://news.cnet.com/8301-33692_3-57446945-305/e3-2012-year-of-the-second-screen-with-xbox-smart-glass-and-wii-u/ E3 2012: Year of the second screen with Xbox Smart Glass and Wii Uhttps://techcrunch.com/2012/06/04/microsoft-introduces-second-screen-feature-xbox-smartglass/ Microsoft Introduces Second-Screen Feature, Xbox SmartGlass{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/02/20/sony-announces-playstation-app-for-ios-android/|title=Sony announces PlayStation app for iOS and Android, will expand games to the second screen|author=Sean Buckley|publisher=AOL|work=Engadget|date=21 February 2013 |access-date=2 October 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.macrumors.com/2013/02/20/sony-announces-playstation-4-second-screen-experience-playstation-app-for-ios/|title=Sony Announces PlayStation 4, Second-Screen Experience PlayStation App for iOS|work=macrumors.com|date=20 February 2013 |access-date=2 October 2015}}{{cite web|url=http://www.slashgear.com/xbox-smartglass-official-as-second-screen-feature-04231808/|title=Xbox SmartGlass official as second-screen feature|work=SlashGear|access-date=2 October 2015|date=2012-06-04}} PlayStation also has a game accessibility feature called "Chat Transcription", which allows a user to read what others say and send text to speech messages through the PlayStation 4's Google Play App named "PlayStation Second Screen".{{Cite web|url=https://manuals.playstation.net/document/en/ps4/party/transcription.html|title=Using Chat Transcription|access-date=2021-10-04}}
TV discovery application with recommendations, electronic programming guides (live content), and personalization.
Applications that display polling results and audience-triggered animated emoticons (along with the sender's name and location) in real-time on the broadcast instead of the user's second screen.
Voting functionality for audiences at home via the broadcaster app.
Video games that use mobile phones for interaction – examples include Kahoot!, The Jackbox Party Pack series of games, and Everybody 1-2-Switch!.

Sports broadcasting

Sports broadcasters, to stem the flight of the audience away from watching the main screen (the television) to the second screen, are offering alternative content to the main program, such as unseen moments, alternative information, soundtracks, and characters. Proposed new technologies allow the viewer to see different camera angles while watching the game.{{Cite web|url=http://broadcastengineering.com/products/evs-c-cast-second-screen-smartphone-servers-09142011/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120404031954/http://broadcastengineering.com/products/evs-c-cast-second-screen-smartphone-servers-09142011/|url-status=dead|title=Alternative angles in Sports broadcast|archivedate=April 4, 2012}}{{cite web|url=http://www.tvbeurope.com/second-screen-is-future-of-interactive-coverage/|title=Second screen is future of interactive coverage|work=TVBEurope|access-date=2 October 2015|archive-date=3 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003213954/http://www.tvbeurope.com/second-screen-is-future-of-interactive-coverage/|url-status=dead}}

TV2 (Denmark), Denmark's largest commercial TV channel, synchronized its Second Screen service with the live broadcast of the Giro d'Italia cycling race from May 5 to May 27, 2012. Viewers on all internet devices could get rider stats, biographies, news, stage reviews, city information, weather updates, and more. Viewers scanned a QR code on the TV broadcast to get connected or typed in a short URL.{{cite web|url=http://eventbasedinnovation.org/giro-project-description/|title=Giro 2.0 – second screen experiences|work=eventbasedinnovation.org|access-date=2 October 2015|archive-date=4 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004001342/http://eventbasedinnovation.org/giro-project-description/|url-status=dead}}

In the US, HDNet Fights utilizes a second screen service that synchronizes with live MMA broadcasts. Viewers on smartphones and tablets can get stats, vote on fights and rounds, chat, win prizes, and see how fellow second screen users voted on fight outcomes.{{cite web|url=http://www.techvibes.com/blog/mobovivo-launches-social-tv-platform-to-utilize-second-screen-2012-04-19|title=Mobovivo Launches Social TV Platform to Utilize Second Screen|work=techvibes.com|access-date=2 October 2015}}

Other television

Slate described popular procedural dramas like Suits as examples of "'second-screen content'—shows that don't require viewers to hit rewind if they idly drift off while scrolling their phones".{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Sam |date=2024-01-30 |title=Why Suits Was the Most Streamed Show of 2023 |url=https://slate.com/culture/2024/01/suits-show-netflix-most-streamed-tv-procedurals.html |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Slate |language=en-US}} The Hollywood Reporter described the Jennifer Lopez film Atlas as "another Netflix movie to half-watch while doing laundry".{{r|tavlin2025winter}} John Landgraf of FX Networks bragged that, by contrast, Shogun was "not a two-screen show".{{Cite magazine |last=Rich |first=Katie |date=2024-05-20 |title='Shogun' Starts Some Drama |url=https://lamag.com/tv/shogun-starts-some-drama |magazine=Los Angeles |language=en}} Being the second screen has reportedly become desirable. Streaming services tell showrunners, Justine Bateman said to The Hollywood Reporter in 2023, that "the viewer's primary screen is their phone and the laptop and they don't want anything on your show to distract them from their primary screen because if they get distracted, they might look up, be confused, and go turn it off. I heard somebody use this term before: they want a 'visual muzak.'"{{Cite news |last=Goldberg |first=Lesley |date=2023-07-21 |title=Justine Bateman: Pulling AI Into the Arts Is “Absolutely the Wrong Direction” |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/tvs-top-5-podcast-justine-bateman-ai-dangers-hollywood-1235540858/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |work=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}} By 2025 Netflix reportedly told screenwriters to have characters announce actions, so those watching the streaming service in the background while doing something else know what is happening.{{Cite magazine |last=Tavlin |first=Will |date=Winter 2025 |title=Casual Viewing |url=https://www.nplusonemag.com/issue-49/essays/casual-viewing/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |magazine=n+1 |language=en-US |issue=49}}

Examples

class="wikitable sortable"

! Primary Screen

! Second Screen

Ares Interactive Media

| iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, Linux

Dreamcast

| VMU

Select Dish Network Receivers

| iOS and Android devices using Dish Anywhere Mobile App

Select Disney Blu-ray discs and DVDs

| iPad and devices running Adobe Flash using Disney Second Screen

GameCube

| Game Boy Advance using Nintendo GameCube – Game Boy Advance link cable

PlayStation 3

| PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita using Remote Play

PlayStation 4

PlayStation Vita using Remote Play; iOS and Android devices using the PlayStation App{{cite web|last=Buckley|first=Sean|title=Sony announces PlayStation app for iOS and Android, will expand games to the second screen|date=21 February 2013 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/02/20/sony-announces-playstation-app-for-ios-android/|publisher=Engadet|access-date=5 May 2013}}

Wii

| Nintendo DS

Wii U

| Wii U GamePad and Nintendo 3DS

Xbox 360

| Windows 8, Windows Phone, iOS, and Android devices using Xbox SmartGlass

Xbox One

Windows 8, Windows Phone, iOS, and Android devices using Xbox SmartGlass{{cite web|last=Lawler|first=Richard|title=Xbox One SmartGlass brings more control, content to companion devices|date=21 May 2013 |url=https://www.engadget.com/2013/05/21/xbox-one-smartglass/|publisher=Engadet|access-date=28 May 2013}} Windows 10 PCs using an Xbox App{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/01/microsoft-announces-xbox-app-for-windows-10|title=Windows 10 includes in-home game streaming from Xbox One|last=Orland|first=Kyle|work=Ars Technica|date=January 21, 2015|access-date=January 22, 2015}}

References

External links

[http://mashable.com/2011/12/05/film-tv-twitter/ 5 ways that the television industry uses Twitter].
[http://mashable.com/2011/08/11/yap-tv-3-0/ Yap TV].
[http://www.cronista.com/itbusiness/De-la-TV-a-la-segunda-pantalla-20110823-0005.html From television to the second screen].
[https://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/noticias/2011/03/110323_television_twitter_facebook_en.shtml TV and social networking closer].
[http://www.appmarket.tv/news/1035-twitter-ceo-on-second-screen-social-tv-and-shows-becoming-events.html Twitter CEO on Second Social Screen TV].
[https://archive.today/20150217033042/http://www.laflecha.net/canales/blackhats/noticias/la-mitad-de-los-usuarios-compagina-la-tv-con-otros-dispositivos-electronicos TV with other electronic devices].
[http://www.secondscreen.com/how-it-works Second Screen Networks].
[https://archive.today/20130105202131/http://www.yume.com/content/ipg-media-lab Social Yume Study].
[http://www.aresinteractivemedia.com/ Ares Interactive Media, World First Second Screen scalable cloudbase application].
[http://www.ruetersward.com/biblio.html Annotated bibliography on tablet and touchscreen computing]

Category:Television technology

Category:Television terminology

Category:Video game design