Semimytilus algosus
{{short description|Species of mussel}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.316581 - Semimytilus algosus (Gould, 1850) - Mytilidae - Mollusc shell.jpeg
| genus = Semimytilus
| species = algosus
| authority = (Gould, 1850)
| synonyms =
}}
Semimytilus algosus is a species of mussels. A common name for this species is Dwarf mussel.{{Cite web|title=Dwarf mussel|url=https://www.sanbi.org/animal-of-the-week/dwarf-mussel/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=SANBI|date=20 May 2018 |language=en-US}} It is the first species where trioecy was reported in the phylum Mollusca.
Size
Individuals can be up to {{convert|42|or|50|mm}} in size.{{Cite book|last=Branch|first=George|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q1bDwAAQBAJ&q=bisexual+mussel|title=Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa|date=2017-03-10|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-77584-278-1|pages=60–36|language=en}}
Reproduction
In the past this species was described as simultaneous hermaphroditic but it was later confirmed the species is trioecious. It is believed this species evolved from a gonochoric ancestor.{{Cite journal|last1=Oyarzún|first1=Pablo A.|last2=Nuñez|first2=José J.|last3=Toro|first3=Jorge E.|last4=Gardner|first4=Jonathan P. A.|date=2020|title=Trioecy in the Marine Mussel Semimytilus algosus (Mollusca, Bivalvia): Stable Sex Ratios Across 22 Degrees of a Latitudinal Gradient|journal=Frontiers in Marine Science|volume=7|language=English|doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00348|issn=2296-7745|doi-access=free}}
Occurrence
Its habitat is rocky shores.{{Cite book|last=Picker|first=Mike|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aw1bDwAAQBAJ&q=Semimytilus+algosus&pg=PT508|title=Alien and Invasive Animals: A South African Perspective|date=2013-10-24|publisher=Penguin Random House South Africa|isbn=978-1-77584-130-2|language=en}} The species has been found off the coasts of South Africa and is native to Chile.{{Cite journal|last1=Greef|first1=K. de|last2=Griffiths|first2=C. L.|last3=Zeeman|first3=Z.|date=2013-09-01|title=Deja vu? A second mytilid mussel, Semimytilus algosus, invades South Africa's west coast|url=https://doi.org/10.2989/1814232X.2013.829789|journal=African Journal of Marine Science|volume=35|issue=3|pages=307–313|doi=10.2989/1814232X.2013.829789|bibcode=2013AfJMS..35..307D |hdl=10019.1/121931|s2cid=84892353|issn=1814-232X|hdl-access=free}} The species is also invasive off the coast of Angola and Namibia.{{Cite journal|last1=Ma|first1=Kevin C. K.|last2=Zardi|first2=Gerardo I.|last3=McQuaid|first3=Christopher D.|last4=Nicastro|first4=Katy R.|date=2020-09-11|title=Historical and contemporary range expansion of an invasive mussel, Semimytlius algosus, in Angola and Namibia despite data scarcity in an infrequently surveyed region|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=15|issue=9|pages=e0239167|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0239167|issn=1932-6203|pmc=7485899|pmid=32915915|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020PLoSO..1539167M }}
References
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