Sened language

{{Short description|Extinct East Zenati Berber language of Tunisia}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{Expand Italian|Lingua sendi|date=March 2009}}

{{No footnotes|date=June 2023}}

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{{Infobox language

| name = Sened

| nativename =

| states = Tunisia

| region = Sened and Tmagourt

| extinct = 1990

| ref = {{cite web|title=The ASJP Database - Wordlist Sened|url=https://asjp.clld.org/languages/SENED|access-date=2025-01-09|website=asjp.clld.org|quote=status extinct since 1990}}

| familycolor = Afro-Asiatic

| fam2 = Berber

| fam3 = Northern

| fam4 = Zenati

| fam5 = East

| iso3 = sds

| linglist = sds

| glotto = sene1271

| glottorefname = Sened

| dia1 = Sened proper

| dia2 = Tmagourt

| map = Tunisia-Zuwara Berber Map.PNG

| mapcaption = Berber-speaking areas belonging to the Tunisia-Zuwara dialectal group

}}

Sened is an extinct East Zenati Berber language that was spoken in the nearby towns of Sened and Majoura (Berber Tmagurt) in southern Tunisia until the mid-20th century. In 1911, the whole town of Sened spoke Berber; by 1968, only the elderly did.

Sample

From a section translated from the epic Taghribat Bani Hilal, detailing the incursion of the Banu Hilal, in Provotelle's Etude sur la Tamazir't ou Zenatia de Qalaât Es-sned (Tunisie) (1911). The Arabic and French transcriptions of the text are reproduced unchanged; in the latter, r' represents a voiced uvular fricative, kh a voiceless uvular fricative, ch represents English sh, ou represents /u/ or /w/, i represents /i/ or /j/, and e represents schwa.

{{interlinear|lang=sds|indent=2

|top= {{script|Arab|الوختي دياب الاَلاَلَي ينغاَ خليفا الزناتي يليس غيداء تني زنق نزيمل نبويس - ومان الاَلاَلي - تسكركوست تنغيتتش او يني زنق نزيمليس - يني دياب زنق نزيمليس - يونس باش اّينغيت.}}

|El Oukhti Diab Elalalia ienr'a Khlifa Ezzenati ill-is R'ida tenni zenneg n ezzimmel n ebboïs. Oumman {El Alali}, teskerkoust tenr'it-etch. Aou ienni zenneg n ezziml-is. Ienni Diab zenneg n ezziml-is, ious-es bâch aïenr'it.

|When Diab El Hilali killed Khlifa Ezzenati, daughter-his Ghida rode top of horse of father-her. Said-they the-Hilalis, you-have-lied you-killed-him-not. Here-he-is rides top of horse-his. Rode Diab top of horse-his, goes to kill-her.

|When Diab El Hilali killed Khlifa Ezzenati, his daughter Ghida got on her father's horse. The Hilalis said "You lied; you didn't kill him!. There he is riding his horse." Diab mounted his horse and went forth to kill her.}}

References

{{Reflist}}