Sensorimotor network
{{Short description|Network of the brain used for somatosensory-informed coordination of movement}}
The sensorimotor network (SMN), also known as somatomotor network, is a large-scale brain network that primarily includes somatosensory (postcentral gyrus) and motor (precentral gyrus) regions and extends to the supplementary motor areas (SMA).{{cite journal | vauthors = Chenji S, Jha S, Lee D, Brown M, Seres P, Mah D, Kalra S | title = Investigating Default Mode and Sensorimotor Network Connectivity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = e0157443 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 27322194 | pmc = 4913931 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0157443 | bibcode = 2016PLoSO..1157443C | doi-access = free }} The auditory cortex may also be included, as well as the visual cortex.{{cite journal | vauthors = Bi B, Che D, Bai Y | title = Neural network of bipolar disorder: Toward integration of neuroimaging and neurocircuit-based treatment strategies | journal = Translational Psychiatry | volume = 12 | page = 143 | date = April 2022 | doi = 10.1038/s41398-022-01917-x | doi-access = free | pmc = 8983759 }} The SMN is activated during motor tasks, such as finger tapping,{{cite journal | vauthors = Biswal B, Yetkin FZ, Haughton VM, Hyde JS | title = Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI | journal = Magnetic Resonance in Medicine | volume = 34 | issue = 4 | pages = 537–41 | date = October 1995 | pmid = 8524021 | doi=10.1002/mrm.1910340409| s2cid = 775793 }} indicating that the network readies the brain when performing and coordinating motor tasks.
Clinical significance
Dysfunction in the SMN has been implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders.
- Bipolar Disorder: The psychomotor disturbances that characterize the depressive and manic phases of bipolar disorder may be related to dysfunction in the sensorimotor network (SMN) and its balance with other large-scale networks such as the default mode network.{{cite journal | vauthors = Martino M, Magioncalda P, Huang Z, Conio B, Piaggio N, Duncan NW, Rocchi G, Escelsior A, Marozzi V, Wolff A, Inglese M, Amore M, Northoff G | title = Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 113 | issue = 17 | pages = 4824–9 | date = April 2016 | pmid = 27071087 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1517558113 | pmc = 4855585 | bibcode = 2016PNAS..113.4824M | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Doucet GE, Bassett DS, Yao N, Glahn DC, Frangou S | title = The Role of Intrinsic Brain Functional Connectivity in Vulnerability and Resilience to Bipolar Disorder | journal = The American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 174 | issue = 12 | pages = 1214–1222 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 28817956 | pmc = 5711589 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010095 }}
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Altered functional connectivity patterns in the SMN may contribute to various symptoms in the neurodegenerative disease .{{cite journal | vauthors = Agosta F, Valsasina P, Absinta M, Riva N, Sala S, Prelle A, Copetti M, Comola M, Comi G, Filippi M | title = Sensorimotor functional connectivity changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | journal = Cerebral Cortex | volume = 21 | issue = 10 | pages = 2291–8 | date = October 2011 | pmid = 21368084 | doi = 10.1093/cercor/bhr002 | doi-access = free }}
Nomenclature
In 2019, Uddin et al. proposed that pericentral network (PN) be used as a standard anatomical name for the network.{{Cite journal|last1=Uddin|first1=Lucina Q.|last2=Yeo|first2=B. T. Thomas|last3=Spreng|first3=R. Nathan|date=2019-11-01|title=Towards a Universal Taxonomy of Macro-scale Functional Human Brain Networks|journal=Brain Topography|language=en|volume=32|issue=6|pages=926–942|doi=10.1007/s10548-019-00744-6|pmid=31707621|pmc=7325607|issn=1573-6792}}