Sexual abuse#Elderly and people with dementia

{{See also|Domestic violence|Marital rape}}

Spousal sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence. When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman's husband or ex-husband, it may constitute rape, depending on the jurisdiction, and may also constitute an assault.{{cite web|last1=Patricia|first1=Mahoney|title=The Wife Rape Fact Sheet|url=https://mainweb-v.musc.edu/vawprevention/research/wiferape.shtml|website=National Violence Against Women Prevention Research Center|access-date=28 January 2018|archive-date=29 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429041147/https://mainweb-v.musc.edu/vawprevention/research/wiferape.shtml|url-status=live}}

{{Main|Child sexual abuse}}

{{Main|Child-on-child sexual abuse}}

Child sexual abuse is a form of child abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual gratification of an adult or older adolescent.{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childsexualabuse.html |title=Child Sexual Abuse |work=Medline Plus |date=2008-04-02 |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=2016-05-08 |archive-date=2013-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205001005/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childsexualabuse.html |url-status=live }}{{cite journal | author1 = Committee on Professional Practice and Standards (COPPS) | author2 = Board of Professional Affairs (BPA) | author3 = American Psychological Association (APA) | author-link1 = American Psychological Association | author4 = Catherine Acuff | author5 = Steven Bisbing | author6 = Michael Gottlieb | author7 = Lisa Grossman | author8 = Jody Porter | author9 = Richard Reichbart | author10 = Steven Sparta | author11 = C. Eugene Walker | date = August 1999 | title = Guidelines for Psychological Evaluations in Child Protection Matters | volume = 54 | issue = 8 | pages = 586–593 | doi = 10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.586 | journal = American Psychologist | url = http://www.apa.org/practice/childprotection.html | access-date = 2008-05-07 | quote = Abuse, sexual (child): generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person. | pmid = 10453704 | archive-date = 2008-04-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080422025317/http://www.apa.org/practice/childprotection.html | url-status = live }}

• {{cite web |title=Guidelines for psychological evaluations in child protection matters |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=main.doiLanding&uid=1999-03403-007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214191441/http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=main.doiLanding&uid=1999-03403-007 |archive-date=2011-12-14 |website=APA PsycNET |date=7 May 2008 }} It includes direct sexual contact, the adult or otherwise older person engaging indecent exposure (of the genitals, female nipples, etc.) to a child with intent to gratify their own sexual desires or to intimidate or groom the child, asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities, displaying pornography to a child, or using a child to produce child pornography.{{cite journal | last1 = Martin | first1 = J. | last2 = Anderson | first2 = J. | last3 = Romans | first3 = S. | year = 1993 | last4 = Mullen | first4 = P | last5 = O'Shea | first5 = M | title = Asking about child sexual abuse: methodological implications of a two-stage survey | journal = Child Abuse and Neglect | volume = 17 | issue = 3| pages = 383–392 | pmid = 8330225 | doi=10.1016/0145-2134(93)90061-9}}[http://www.nspcc.org.uk/helpandadvice/whatchildabuse/sexualabuse/sexualabuse_wda36370.html Child sexual abuse definition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213140423/http://www.nspcc.org.uk/helpandadvice/whatchildabuse/sexualabuse/sexualabuse_wda36370.html |date=2010-02-13 }} from the NSPCC

Effects of child sexual abuse include shame, self-blame,{{cite journal |author1 = Whiffen, V. E. |author2 =MacIntosh, H. B. | year = 2005 | title = Mediators of the link between childhood sexual abuse and emotional distress: a critical review | journal = Trauma, Violence, & Abuse | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–39 | doi=10.1177/1524838004272543|pmid =15574671 |citeseerx =10.1.1.331.7436 |s2cid =10627203 }} depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, self-esteem issues, sexual dysfunction, chronic pelvic pain, addiction, self-injury, suicidal ideation, borderline personality disorder, and propensity to re-victimization in adulthood.{{cite journal | author = Maniglio, R. | year = 2009 | title = The impact of child sexual abuse on health: A systematic review of reviews | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 29 | issue = 7 | pages = 647–657 | doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2009.08.003| pmid = 19733950 }} Child sexual abuse is a risk factor for attempting suicide.{{cite journal |author = Maniglio, R. | year = 2011 | title = The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of suicide and non-suicidal self-injury | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 124 | issue = 1 | pages = 30–41 | doi=10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01612.x| pmid = 20946202 | s2cid = 35525949 }} Additionally, some studies have shown childhood sexual abuse to be a risk factor of the perpetration of intimate partner violence in men.{{cite journal | last1 = Teitelman | first1 = AM | last2 = Bellamy | first2 = SL | last3 = Jemmott | first3 = JB III | last4 = Icard | first4 = L | last5 = O'Leary | first5 = A | last6 = Ali | first6 = S | last7 = Ngwane | first7 = Z | last8 = Makiwane | first8 = M | year = 2017 | title = Childhood sexual abuse and sociodemographic factors prospectively associated with intimate partner violence perpetration among South African heterosexual men | journal = Annals of Behavioral Medicine | volume = 51 | issue = 2| pages = 170–178 | doi = 10.1007/s12160-016-9836-2 | pmid = 27844325 | pmc = 6200456 }} Much of the harm caused to victims becomes apparent years after the abuse happens. With specific regard to addiction, a study by Reiger et al. supports previous findings that adverse life events increase sensitivity to drug rewards and bolster drug reward signaling by exposing an association between heightened limbic response to cocaine cues.{{cite journal | last1 = Regier | first1 = PS | last2 = Monge | first2 = ZA | last3 = Franklin | first3 = TR | last4 = Wetherill | first4 = RR | last5 = Teitelman | first5 = AM | last6 = Jagannathan | first6 = K | display-authors = etal | year = 2017 | title = Emotional, physical and sexual abuse are associated with a heightened limbic response to cocaine cues | journal = Addiction Biology | volume = 22 | issue = 6| pages = 1768–177 | doi = 10.1111/adb.12445 | pmc = 5767126 | pmid = 27654662 }}

Sexual abuse by a family member is a form of incest, which can result in severe long-term psychological trauma, especially in the case of parental incest.{{cite book|title=Healing the Incest Wound: Adult Survivors in Therapy|url=https://archive.org/details/healingincestwou00cour|url-access=registration|last= Courtois|first=Christine A.|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|page=[https://archive.org/details/healingincestwou00cour/page/208 208]|year=1988|isbn= 978-0-393-31356-7}}

Globally, approximately 18–19% of women and 8% of men disclose being sexually abused during their childhood.{{cite journal | author1 = Stoltenborgh, M. | author2 = van IJzendoorn, M. H. | author3 = Euser, E. M. | author4 = Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. | year = 2011 | title = A global perspective on child sexual abuse: meta-analysis of prevalence around the world | journal = Child Maltreatment | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 79–101 | doi = 10.1177/1077559511403920| pmid = 21511741 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.1029.9752 | s2cid = 30813632 }}{{cite journal |author1 = Pereda, N. |author2 =Guilera, G. |author3 =Forns, M. |author4 =Gómez-Benito, J. | year = 2009 | title = The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: A meta-analysis | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 29 | issue = 4 | pages = 328–338 | doi = 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007|pmid =19371992 |hdl =2445/27746 | hdl-access = free }} The gender gap may be caused by higher victimization of girls, lower willingness of men to disclose abuse, or both. Most sexual abuse offenders are acquainted with their victims; approximately 30% are relatives of the child, most often fathers, uncles or cousins; around 60% are other acquaintances such as friends of the family, babysitters, or neighbors; strangers are the offenders in approximately 10% of child sexual abuse cases. Most child sexual abuse is committed by men; women commit approximately 14% of offenses reported against boys and 6% of offenses reported against girls.{{cite web|url=http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/child-sexual-abuse.asp |title=Child Sexual Abuse |author=Whealin, Julia Whealin |publisher=National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, US Department of Veterans Affairs |date=2007-05-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090730101002/http://www.ptsd.va.gov/public/pages/child-sexual-abuse.asp |archive-date=2009-07-30 }} Child sexual abuse offenders are not pedophiles unless they have a primary or exclusive sexual interest in prepubescent children.{{cite book |author = Seto, Michael | year = 2008 | title = Pedophilia and Sexual Offending Against Children | location = Washington, DC | publisher = American Psychological Association | page = vii}}

{{Main|Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities}}

People with developmental disabilities are often victims of sexual abuse. According to research, people with disabilities are at a greater risk for victimization of sexual assault or sexual abuse because of lack of understanding (Sobsey & Varnhagen, 1989).

Elderly people, especially those with dementia, can be at risk of abuse. There were over 6,000 "safeguarding concerns and alerts" at UK care homes from 2013 to 2015. These included alleged inappropriate touching and worse allegations. Offenders were most often other residents but staff also offended. It is suspected some care homes may deliberately overlook these offenses.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37416483 Sex crimes against the elderly - are they being ignored?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106184301/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-37416483 |date=2018-11-06 }} BBC

People in poverty, including those from developing countries, are vulnerable to forced prostitution,{{cite web|url=https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-officials-blame-human-trafficking-poverty-unemployment.html|title=Myanmar officials blame human trafficking on poverty, unemployment|date=September 7, 2018|website=Myanmar Times|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=March 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324150737/https://www.mmtimes.com/news/myanmar-officials-blame-human-trafficking-poverty-unemployment.html|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/64043/poverty-causes-trafficking-to-china-says-report/|title=Poverty Causes Trafficking to China, Says Report|date=September 1, 2016|website=Khmer Times|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=July 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704004249/https://www.khmertimeskh.com/64043/poverty-causes-trafficking-to-china-says-report/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=https://www.caritas.org/2017/11/poverty-and-conflict-in-myanmar-fuel-human-trafficking/|title=POVERTY AND CONFLICT IN MYANMAR FUEL HUMAN TRAFFICKING|website=Caritas|date=23 November 2017|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324153115/https://www.caritas.org/2017/11/poverty-and-conflict-in-myanmar-fuel-human-trafficking/|url-status=live}} live streaming sexual abuse, and other forms of molestation. Victims who come from families in poverty often have less connections, power, protection, and education about sex crimes.{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/chinas-bride-trafficking-problem/|title=China's Bride Trafficking Problem|date=October 30, 2019|website=The Diplomat|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=December 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205043318/https://thediplomat.com/2019/10/chinas-bride-trafficking-problem/|url-status=live}}

{{Globalize|article|USA|2name=the United States|date=October 2015}}

Sexual abuse is a problem in some minority communities. In 2007, a number of Hispanic victims were included in the settlement of a massive sexual abuse case involving the Los Angeles archdiocese of the Catholic Church.{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12098261|title=Catholic Sex Abuse Hits Home for Latinos|website=NPR.org |access-date=2018-04-02|archive-date=2018-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507085620/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12098261|url-status=live}} A qualitative study by Kim et al. discusses the experiences of sexual abuse in the US population of Mexican immigrant women, citing immigration, acculturation, and several other social elements as risk factors for abuse.{{cite journal | last1 = Kim | first1 = T | last2 = Draucker | first2 = CB | last3 = Bradway | first3 = C | last4 = Grisso | first4 = JA | last5 = Sommers | first5 = MS | year = 2017 | title = Somos Hermanas Del Mismo Dolor (We Are Sisters of the Same Pain): intimate partner sexual violence narratives among Mexican immigrant women in the United States | journal = Violence Against Women | volume = 23 | issue = 5| pages = 623–642 | doi = 10.1177/1077801216646224 | pmid = 27130923 | s2cid = 43738091 }}

{{excerpt|Prisoner abuse|Sexual abuse}}

Captive breeding activities are sometimes described as sexual abuse. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) has specifically objected, for example, to SeaWorld's breeding of orcas (Orcinus orca).{{cite journal | year=2018 | issn=2046-147X | journal=Public Relations Inquiry | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=7 | first2=Wendy | first1=Ashli Q. | issue=2 | last1=Stokes | pages=149–170 | last2=Atkins-Sayre | doi=10.1177/2046147x18770216 | title=PETA, rhetorical fracture, and the power of digital activism| s2cid=158981724 | url=https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16462&context=fac_pubs }} Captive breeding of animals led to the idea of capturing and enslaving women for involuntary breeding according to Charles Patterson.{{cite book | year=2002 | last=Patterson | first=Charles | author-link=Charles Patterson (author) | title=Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust | title-link=Eternal Treblinka: Our Treatment of Animals and the Holocaust | publisher=Lantern Books | publication-place=New York City, New York, US | isbn=9781930051997 | oclc=48249492 | pages=xvi+296}}

{{Main article|Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims}}

In the emergency department, contraceptive medications are offered to women raped by men because about 5% of such rapes result in pregnancy.{{cite book | author = Varcarolis, Elizabeth | year = 2013 | title = Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing | location = St. Louis | publisher = Elsevier | pages = 439–442}} Preventative medication against sexually transmitted infections are given to victims of all types of sexual abuse (especially for the most common diseases like chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis) and a blood serum is collected to test for STIs (such as HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis). Any survivor with abrasions are immunized for tetanus if 5 years have elapsed since the last immunization. Short-term treatment with a benzodiazepine may help with acute anxiety and antidepressants may be helpful for symptoms of PTSD, depression and panic attacks.

Sexual abuse has been linked to the development of psychotic symptoms in abused children. Treatment for psychotic symptoms may also be involved in sexual abuse treatment.{{cite journal | last1 = Crush | first1 = E | last2 = Arseneault | first2 = L | last3 = Jaffee | first3 = SR | last4 = Danese | first4 = A | last5 = Fisher | first5 = HL | year = 2018| title = Protective factors for psychotic symptoms among poly-victimized children | journal = Schizophrenia Bulletin | volume = 44| issue = 3| pages = 691–700| doi = 10.1093/schbul/sbx111 | pmid = 28981896 | pmc = 5890453 | doi-access = free }}

In regards to long term psychological treatment, prolonged exposure therapy has been tested as a method of long-term PTSD treatment for victims of sexual abuse.{{cite journal | last1 = Schiff | first1 = M | last2 = Nacasch | first2 = N | last3 = Levit | first3 = S | last4 = Katz | first4 = N | last5 = Foa | first5 = EB | year = 2015 | title = Prolonged exposure for treating PTSD among female methadone patients who were survivors of sexual abuse in Israel | journal = Social Work & Health Care | volume = 54 | issue = 8| pages = 687–707 | doi = 10.1080/00981389.2015.1058311 | pmid = 26399489 | s2cid = 9288531 }}

{{Main article|Initiatives to prevent sexual violence}}

Child sexual abuse prevention programmes were developed in the United States of America during the 1970s and originally delivered to children. Programmes delivered to parents were developed in the 1980s and took the form of one-off meetings, two to three hours long.{{cite journal | last=Babatsikos | first=Georgia | title=Parents' knowledge, attitudes and practices about preventing child sexual abuse: a literature review | journal=Child Abuse Review | volume=19 | issue=2 | year=2010 | issn=0952-9136 | doi=10.1002/car.1102 | pages=107–129}}{{cite journal | last1=Hébert | first1=Martine | last2=Lavoie | first2=Francine | last3=Parent | first3=Nathalie | title=An Assessment of Outcomes Following Parents' Participation in a Child Abuse Prevention Program | journal=Violence and Victims | volume=17 | issue=3 | date=2002-06-01 | issn=0886-6708 | doi=10.1891/vivi.17.3.355.33664 | pages=355–372 | pmid=12102058| s2cid=33445782 }}{{cite journal | last1=Wurtele | first1=Sandy K. |author-link1=Sandy K. Wurtele | last2=Moreno | first2=Tasha | last3=Kenny | first3=Maureen C. | title=Evaluation of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Workshop for Parents of Young Children | journal=Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma | volume=1 | issue=4 | year=2008 | issn=1936-1521 | doi=10.1080/19361520802505768 | pages=331–340| s2cid=146651342 }}{{cite journal | last1=Wurtele | first1=Sandy K. | last2=Kenny | first2=Maureen C. | title=Partnering with parents to prevent childhood sexual abuse | journal=Child Abuse Review | volume=19 | issue=2 | year=2010 | issn=0952-9136 | doi=10.1002/car.1112 | pages=130–152}}{{cite web|url=http://library.nspcc.org.uk/HeritageScripts/Hapi.dll/filetransfer/2018FourStepsToThePreventionOfCSAInTheHome.pdf?CookieCheck=43313.725224213&filename=AA58F75CEDE68892A73FB681FE246B8371684F102152F0AA780A14959D3BCE5767137B3B2A935011CBAEC3068664FF681AA6D2524E357BAB96C006752CCD756759AD77BD1E389823A55CFAAE74B2EE64F46C611AD1724BE1AC500B025490CCB1CD8D9D26B00674E723A731951BB13FBE2976BA14838E6BBB09A4FA52BE735F27D92CBFED7FA6CFFA88BC073F0228EAA69F4D1FE158D846D5D4DD33F8F3466703AC49AD67CE927D87622D067280EF2A231A479B85D0572EF2AABC4480&DataSetName=LIVEDATA|title=Four Steps to the Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in the Home|last=Williams|first=Mike|date=2018|website=NSPCC|access-date=2018-08-01|archive-date=2020-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819085626/https://heritagescripts/Hapi.dll/filetransfer/2018FourStepsToThePreventionOfCSAInTheHome.pdf?CookieCheck=44062.4153686921&filename=AA58F75CEDE68892A73FB681FE246B8371684F102152F0AA780A14959D3BCE5767137B3B2A935011CBAEC3068664FF681AA6D2524E357BAB96C006752CCD756759AD77BD1E389823A55CFAAE74B2EE64F46C611AD1724BE1AC500B025490CCB1CD8D9D26B00674E723A731951BB13FBE2976BA14838E6BBB09A4FA52BE735F27D92CBFED7FA6CFFA88BC073F0228EAA69F4D1FE158D846D5D4DD33F8F3466703AC49AD67CE927D87622D067280EF2A231A479B85D0572EF2AABC4480&DataSetName=LIVEDATA|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://library.nspcc.org.uk/HeritageScripts/Hapi.dll/filetransfer/2018WorkingWithACommunityToPreventCSAInTheHome.pdf?filename=AA58F75CEDE68892A73FB681FE246B8371684F102152F0AA780A14959D3BCE5767137B3B2A935011CBAEC3068664FF681AA6D2524E357BAB96C006752CCD756759AD77BD1E389823A55CFAAE74B2EE64F46C611AD1724BE1AC500B025490CCB1CD8D9D26B00674E723A731951BB13FBE2976BA14838E6BBB09A4EB52B96A653DDB0BA5CD78B3E4F0B5A317270E32E79B9F7322E26DEE69E8F9DA1AD4D57D6203CA56A4641A004820ECE9E3EB4F712C3FED9F46CEBCE377C14C55CB2FBCFD7942&DataSetName=LIVEDATA|title=Working with a community to prevent child sexual abuse in the home|last=Williams|first=Mike|date=2018|website=NSPCC|access-date=1 August 2018|archive-date=19 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819085626/https://heritagescripts/Hapi.dll/filetransfer/2018WorkingWithACommunityToPreventCSAInTheHome.pdf?CookieCheck=44062.415370162&filename=AA58F75CEDE68892A73FB681FE246B8371684F102152F0AA780A14959D3BCE5767137B3B2A935011CBAEC3068664FF681AA6D2524E357BAB96C006752CCD756759AD77BD1E389823A55CFAAE74B2EE64F46C611AD1724BE1AC500B025490CCB1CD8D9D26B00674E723A731951BB13FBE2976BA14838E6BBB09A4EB52B96A653DDB0BA5CD78B3E4F0B5A317270E32E79B9F7322E26DEE69E8F9DA1AD4D57D6203CA56A4641A004820ECE9E3EB4F712C3FED9F46CEBCE377C14C55CB2FBCFD7942&DataSetName=LIVEDATA|url-status=live}} In the last 15 years, web-based programmes have been developed.

The term survivor is sometimes used for a living victim, including victims of non-fatal harm, to honor and empower the strength of an individual to heal, in particular a living victim of sexual abuse or assault.{{cite web |url=http://www.clarku.edu/offices/dos/survivorguide/definition.cfm |title=Dean of Students Office | Clark University |publisher=Clarku.edu |access-date=2012-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120519155442/http://www.clarku.edu/offices/dos/survivorguide/definition.cfm |archive-date=2012-05-19 }} For example, there are the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests and The Survivors Trust.

{{See also|Abusive power and control|Power harassment|Rankism}}

Sexual misconduct can occur where one person uses a position of authority to compel another person to engage in an otherwise unwanted sexual activity. For example, sexual harassment in the workplace might involve an employee being coerced into a sexual situation out of fear of being dismissed. Sexual harassment in education might involve a student submitting to the sexual advances of a person in authority in fear of being punished, for example by being given a failing grade.

Several sexual abuse scandals have involved religious abuse or religious settings and often cover-up among non-abusers, including cases in the Southern Baptist Convention,{{Cite web|url=http://stopbaptistpredators.org/index.htm|title=StopBaptistPredators.org|website=stopbaptistpredators.org|access-date=2010-01-18|archive-date=2021-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123043912/http://stopbaptistpredators.org/index.htm|url-status=live}} Catholic Church, Episcopalian religion,{{Cite web|url=http://www.reformation.com/CSA/episcopalianabuse.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214134233/http://www.reformation.com/CSA/episcopalianabuse.html|url-status=dead|title=Episcopalian Ministers|archivedate=February 14, 2010}} Islam,{{cite web |author=Joe Murphy |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/politics/baroness-warsi-some-pakistani-men-think-young-white-girls-are-fair-game-for-sex-abuse-7766319.html |title=Baroness Warsi: Some Pakistani men think young white girls are "fair game" for sex abuse - Politics - News - Evening Standard |publisher=Thisislondon.co.uk |date=2012-05-18 |access-date=2012-06-02 |archive-date=2012-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606093049/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/politics/baroness-warsi-some-pakistani-men-think-young-white-girls-are-fair-game-for-sex-abuse-7766319.html |url-status=live }} Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran church,{{Cite web|url=http://www.reformation.com/CSA/lutheranabuse.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110040936/http://www.reformation.com/CSA/lutheranabuse.html|url-status=dead|title=Lutheran abuse|archivedate=January 10, 2010}} Methodist Church,{{Cite web|url=http://www.reformation.com/CSA/methodistabuse.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625045228/http://www.reformation.com/CSA/methodistabuse.html|url-status=dead|title=Methodist abuse|archivedate=June 25, 2009}} Anabaptist/Mennonite Church, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,{{cite book|last=Anderson|first=Lavina|title=Case Reports of the Mormon Alliance Volume 1|year=1995|isbn=978-0-10-878835-2}} the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Orthodox Judaism,[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99913807 Abuse Scandal Plagues Hasidic Jews In Brooklyn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411111529/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99913807 |date=2018-04-11 }} by Barbara Bradley Hagerty. All Things Considered, National Public Radio. 2 February 2009. other branches of Judaism,{{cite book|editor1-first=Neustein|editor1-last=Amy|title=Tempest in the Temple: Jewish Communities and Child Sex Scandals|series=Brandeis Series in American Jewish History, Culture, and Life|year=2009|publisher=Brandeis University Press|location=Waltham, Massachusetts|isbn=978-1-58465-671-5}} various buddhist schools such as Zen and Tibetan,{{cite web |last1=Oppenheimer |first1=Mark |date=2014-12-18 |title=The Zen Predator of the Upper East Side |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/12/the-zen-predator-of-the-upper-east-side/383831/ |access-date=3 March 2019 |archive-date=2019-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304105305/https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/12/the-zen-predator-of-the-upper-east-side/383831/ |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Corder |first1=Mike |date=2018-09-14 |title=Dalai Lama Meets Alleged Victims of Abuse by Buddhist Gurus |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-09-14/dalai-lama-meets-alleged-victims-of-abuse-by-buddhist-gurus |access-date=4 March 2019 |work=US News |archive-date=2021-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416075105/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-09-14/dalai-lama-meets-alleged-victims-of-abuse-by-buddhist-gurus |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last=Marsh |first=Sarah |date=5 March 2018 |website=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/05/buddhist-group-admits-sexual-abuse-by-teachers |title=Buddhist group admits sexual abuse by teachers |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416092002/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/05/buddhist-group-admits-sexual-abuse-by-teachers |url-status=live }}{{cite web |last1=Sperry |first1=Rod Meade |last2=Atwood |first2=Haleigh |url=https://www.lionsroar.com/against-the-stream-to-investigate-allegations-of-sexual-misconduct-by-founding-teacher-noah-levine/ |title=Against the Stream to investigate allegations of sexual misconduct by Noah Levine; results expected within a month |date=2018-03-30 |website=Lion's Roar |access-date=2019-01-21 |archive-date=2018-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181022163537/https://www.lionsroar.com/against-the-stream-to-investigate-allegations-of-sexual-misconduct-by-founding-teacher-noah-levine/ |url-status=live }} Yoga classes,{{cite news |title=International Yoga Day: 5 yoga gurus who were accused of sexual assault |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/international-yoga-day-yoga-gurus-who-were-accused-of-sexual-assault-5226474/ |publisher=Indian Express |date=21 June 2018 |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501044934/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/international-yoga-day-yoga-gurus-who-were-accused-of-sexual-assault-5226474/ |url-status=live }} and various cults.

In October 2020, a powerful member of the United Arab Emirates' royal family, Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan, was accused of exploiting his authority by a British citizen, Caitlin McNamara, who was working on Abu Dhabi Hay Festival. On February 14 that year, the UAE's Minister of Tolerance called McNamara for a dinner at his villa on private island and sexually abused the woman, who was organizing the literary festival for the country.{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/sheikh-accused-of-serious-sexual-assault-on-hay-festival-curator-z2znhl78g|title=Gulf minister of tolerance in 'sex assault' on Hay books festival worker|access-date=17 October 2020|website=The Times|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017191327/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/sheikh-accused-of-serious-sexual-assault-on-hay-festival-curator-z2znhl78g|url-status=live}}

Due to social media censorship algorithms, people wishing to discuss sex and particular sexual assault have adopted the 'algospeak'{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandralevine/2022/09/16/algospeak-social-media-survey/ |title= From Camping To Cheese Pizza, 'Algospeak' Is Taking Over Social Media |work=Forbes |last=Levine |first= Alexandra |date= 2022-09-19 |access-date=2023-03-08 }} code word 'mascara' to refer to a boyfriend or romantic partner in a sexual context and then proceed to euphemistically describe bad experiences. The use of such code language can also lead to confusion and embarrassment for those who are unfamiliar with the intended meaning.{{cite web |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonytellez/2023/01/31/mascara-unalive-corn-what-common-social-media-algospeak-words-actually-mean/?sh=387010c22a08

|title= 'Mascara,' 'Unalive,' 'Corn': What Common Social Media Algospeak Words Actually Mean |first= Anthony |last=Tellez |date= 2023-01-31 |access-date=2023-03-08 |work= Forbes }}

{{main|Sexual coercion among animals}}

Sexual abuse has been identified among animals as well, for example, among the Adélie penguins.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/09/sex-depravity-penguins-scott-antarctic |title='Sexual depravity' of penguins that Antarctic scientist dared not reveal |newspaper=Guardian.co.uk |date=9 June 2012 |first=Robin |last=McKie |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225080445/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/09/sex-depravity-penguins-scott-antarctic |url-status=live }}

{{columns-list|colwidth=18em|

• Abuse
• Auguste Ambroise Tardieu
• Birth control sabotage
• Child grooming
• Cinderella effect
• Circles of Support and Accountability
• Domestic abuse
• Hebephilia
• Institutional abuse
• Journal of Sexual Aggression
• #MeToo
• Minor (law)
• Operation Protect Our Children
• Prevention Project Dunkelfeld
• Psychological manipulation
• Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network
• Sexual bullying
• Sexual violence
• Sex and the law
• Stalking
• Survivors Trust
• Victimology
• Virtuous Pedophiles (online support group for preventing sexual abuse)
• Impact of prostitution on mental health

}}

{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

• {{cite journal | last1 = Baladerian | first1 = N. | doi = 10.1007/BF01102020 | year = 1991 | title = Sexual abuse of people with developmental disabilities | journal = Sexuality and Disability | volume = 9 | issue = 4| pages = 323–335 | s2cid = 59276744 |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Baur |first=Susan |title=The Intimate Hour: Love and Sex in Psychotherapy |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Co |publication-place=Boston |date=1997 |isbn=0-395-82284-X |oclc=679319405 |url=https://archive.org/details/intimatehourlove00baur |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Geffner |first1=Robert |last2=Sorenson |first2=Susan B. |author2-link=Susan Sorenson |last3=Lundberg-Love |first3=Paula K. |title=Violence and Sexual Abuse at Home: Current Issues in Spousal Battering and Child Maltreatment |publication-place=New York |date=1997 |isbn=978-1-317-76465-6 |oclc=868068041 |url=https://archive.org/details/violencesexualab00unkn |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |ref=none}}
• {{cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Leigh Ann |title=People with Mental Retardation & Sexual Abuse. the Arc Q & A |publisher=Arc National Headquarters |year=1997 |oclc=967115355 |url=https://thearc.org/wp-content/uploads/forchapters/Sexual%20Violence.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430074055/https://thearc.org/wp-content/uploads/forchapters/Sexual%20Violence.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-30 |id={{ERIC|ED416651}} |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last=Sobsey |first=Richard |title=Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People With Disabilities: The End of Silent Acceptance? |publisher=P.H. Brooks Pub. Co |publication-place=Baltimore |date=1994 |isbn=1-55766-148-0 |oclc=621974642 |url=https://archive.org/details/violenceabuseinl0000sobs |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Sobsey |first1=Richard |last2=Varnhagen |first2=Connie |author2-link=Connie Varnhagen |chapter=Sexual abuse and exploitation of people with disabilities: Toward Prevention and Treatment |editor-last=Csapo |editor-first=Marg |editor-last2=Goguen |editor-first2=Leonard |title=Special Education across Canada: issues and concerns for the '90s |publisher=Centre for Human Development and Research |publication-place=Vancouver |date=1989 |isbn=0-919291-25-2 |oclc=22539921 |pages=199–218) |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Valenti-Hein |first1=Denise |first2=Linda D |last2=Schwartz |title=Sexual Abuse Interview for those With Developmental Disabilities |year=1995 |oclc=4769388904 |publisher=James Stanfield Company |publication-place=Santa Barbara, CA, US |ref=none}}
• {{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=Evelyn |last2=Young |first2=Perry Deane |author2-link=Perry Deane Young |title=A Killing Cure |publisher=H. Holt |publication-place=New York |date=1986 |isbn=0-03-069906-1 |oclc=572278511 |url=https://archive.org/details/killingcure00walk/mode/2up?view=theater |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive |ref=none |quote=One Woman's True Account of Sexual and Drug Abuse and Near Death at the Hands of Her Psychiatrist}}

{{Commons category}}

• {{Cite web |title=Child Sexual Abuse |website=MedlinePlus |url=https://medlineplus.gov/childsexualabuse.html |ref=none}}

{{Sex}}

{{Sexual ethics}}

{{Sexual abuse}}

{{Abuse}}

{{Sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church}}

{{Consequences of external causes}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sexual Abuse}}

Category:Sex crimes

Category:Sexual ethics

Abuse