Shandy

The debated origin of the term (recorded first in 1888) is shortened from shandygaff, from Britain in 1853 and itself of obscure source.{{Cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/shandy|title=shandy | Origin and meaning of shandy by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=Etymonline.com}}

Shandy is a popular drink in UK and is usually ordered as either "bitter shandy" (50/50 bitter beer and fizzy clear lemonade) or "lager shandy" in which lager is substituted for the ale.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

Radler ({{IPA|de|ˈʁaːdlɐ|lang|De-Radler.ogg}}, lit. German for 'cyclist') has a long history in German-speaking regions. It commonly consists of a 50:50 mixture of beer and a lemon-flavoured soft drink.{{Cite web|url=https://germanfoods.org/recipes/radler/|title=Radler |website=Germanfoods.org|access-date=15 November 2021}}

The term Radler originates with a drink called Radlermass ('cyclist litre') that was created by innkeeper Franz Kugler in the small town of Deisenhofen, just outside Munich. During the great cycling boom of the Roaring Twenties, Kugler created a bicycle trail from Munich through the woods that led directly to his drinking establishment.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

While the term Radler has been widely attributed to Kugler, the combination of beer and soft drink is documented in texts dating from 1912.{{cite web

| url=http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/index.php?id=5&xid=318&kapitel=20&cHash=1&hilite=radlerma%c3%9fen#gb_found

| title=Radler

| publisher=Projekt Gutenberg: Lena Christ, Erinnerungen einer Überflüssigen / 1; first published 1912

| access-date=2008-12-14

}} Radler is consumed not only in Bavaria, but also in other parts of Germany, Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Poland, Portugal, Netherlands, Norway, Bulgaria, the United States, Canada, and Romania.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

In northern Germany, a half-and-half mix of Pilsner beer and soft drink is known as an Alster (short for Alsterwasser, {{IPA|de|ˈalstɐˌvasɐ|lang|De-Alsterwasser.ogg}}, German for 'water from the Alster', a river in Hamburg). Regionally the Radler and Alster may refer to shandies made with either citrus or orange flavoured softdrinks, with the two terms either contrasting or referring to the same drink. In Austria, a saure Radler is a mix of lager and soda water.{{Cite web|url=https://kurier.at/genuss/fussball-weltmeisterschaft-warum-der-saure-radler-immer-beliebter-wird/400051781|title=Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft: Warum der saure Radler immer beliebter wird|date=18 June 2018}}

In Austria, a variant, sometimes called Almradler, is popular, using Almdudler instead of lemonade. Radler is very popular during the summer months due to its low alcohol content and reputation for being a "thirst-quencher".{{cite web|url=http://www.csulb.edu/~parayner/Radler.html|title=Radler (The Bicyclist): Radler (The Beer)|access-date=8 November 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116090635/http://www.csulb.edu/~parayner/Radler.html|archive-date=16 January 2011}}

In New Zealand, the word "radler" was trademarked by DB Breweries for their "Monteith's Radler" beer, which is a citrus-flavoured, full-strength (5%) beer.{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/5284136/DB-wins-its-battle-over-Radler-beer |title=DB wins its battle over Radler beer |author=Krause, Nick |date=14 July 2011 |work=Stuff.co.nz |access-date=9 November 2011}} This has led to some brewers to use the names "reldar" (Radler spelled backwards) and "Cyclist" (the literal meaning of Radler).{{cite news |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/2437166/Backward-move-in-brewers-blue |title=Backward move in brewers' blue |author=Law, Tina |date=25 May 2009 |work=Stuff.co.nz |access-date=28 December 2011}}

In the Netherlands, shandy and Radler are largely seen as two different drinks, shandy being a 0.5% alcohol drink popular as a children's drink during the 70s, as beverages not exceeding 0.5% alcohol were officially seen as non-alcoholic.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} The classic German Radler, for a decade or so,{{since when|date=June 2023}} has also been sold as a pre-mixed drink of increasing popularity by most large Dutch beer brewers in a growing number of varieties.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

In Bavaria, the southeastern state of Germany, as well as in the countryside of Austria, a mix of 50% Weißbier and 50% lemonade is called a "Russ". There are three different theories about the origin of this name:{{cite web |url=https://www.bayerisches-bier.de/bier-wissen/russ/ |website=Bayrisches Bier |title=Russ |language=de |access-date=15 December 2018}}

• Due to a shortage of raw materials that occurred during the great inflation between 1921 and 1923, Weißbier became more popular. To further reduce material efforts, the Weißbier was thinned with lemonade. The name "Russ" may derive from the popularity of the drink among Russian workers in Germany at that time.{{cn|date=October 2024}}
• Another theory of the name's origin is that the drink initially was called "Riesen-Maß" (Riesen = giant), as the drink mixture frothed heavily.
• The most popular theory is that the drink was first served in the Mathäser-Keller in Munich after the 1918 Revolution when Communists came together.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

A Shandygaff is an older British name for beer mixed with ginger beer or ginger ale; the earliest written record of the word dates back to 1853.{{cite web|title=Shandygaff|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shandygaff|publisher=Merriam-Webster|access-date=23 December 2013}} In H. G. Wells’ comic novel The History of Mr Polly, Wells refers to Shandygaff as "two bottles of beer mixed with ginger beer in a round-bellied jug".

In England, Wales and Scotland, a lager top is a lager with a dash of lemonade on top, the latter of which reduces the lager's hardness.{{Cite web

| title=Getting to the bottom of lager tops

| url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/getting-bottom-lager-tops-3504457

| work=Liverpool Echo

| date=24 September 2007

| access-date=11 June 2014}}{{Cite web

| title=Lager top

| url=http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lager-top

| work=Collins Dictionary

| access-date=11 June 2014}}

In France, Switzerland and parts of Italy, a mix of beer and soda (Sprite) is called a Panaché.{{Cite web |last=Larousse |first=Éditions |title=Définitions : panaché - Dictionnaire de français Larousse |url=https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/panach%C3%A9/57539 |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=www.larousse.fr |language=fr}} This name was also adopted in Portugal due to the influence of French culture in the area.

In France, a 50/50 mix of lager and carbonated lemonade with a dash of Grenadine is called a Monaco.{{cn|date=October 2024}}

In Spain, a clara is typically any mixture of beer with a sweet-tasting carbonated soft drink (in order to reduce the bitterness of the hops).{{Cite web |date=2016-08-01 |title=Las bebidas más sanas para ir de terrazas - CLARA (CON LIMÓN): 72 ... {{!}} Zen {{!}} EL MUNDO |url=https://www.elmundo.es/album/vida-sana/bienestar/2016/08/01/5798a9aae5fdeaf95d8b456f_10.html |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=ELMUNDO |language=es}} The addition of soda lightens the color of the beer, hence its name (clara means "clear" in Spanish). It is usually served as a refreshment in the hot summer months, being a very popular drink.{{Cite book |last=Felipe. |first=Lescure Beruete, Luis |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/433953617 |title=Diccionario gastronómico : términos, refranes, citas y poemas |date=2005 |publisher=Vision Net |isbn=84-9821-137-9 |pages=69 |oclc=433953617}} Other regions have different names for the mixture, and there is a debate over whether a clara refers to beer with lemon, or beer with a soft drink.{{Cite web |date=2020-07-30 |title=Dime como pides una "clara" y te diré quién eres |url=https://www.elnacional.cat/es/cultura/dime-pides-clara-dire_526170_102.html |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=ElNacional.cat |language=es}}{{Cite web |title=Cómo nombrar la cerveza con limón en diferentes lugares - Rentabilibar MSM |url=https://www.rentabilibar.es/historia-cerveza-con-limon |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Mahou - Rentabilibar |language=es}}{{Cite web |date=2019-08-17 |title=La clara, ¿con limón o con gaseosa? |url=https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/yes/2019/08/17/clara-limon-gaseosa/0003_201908SY17P7991.htm |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=La Voz de Galicia |language=es}}

• Beer cocktail
• Michelada
• Queen Mary (cocktail)

{{Reflist}}

{{Wiktionary}}

{{Commons category|Shandies}}

{{Alcoholic beverages}}

{{portal bar|Beer}}

Category:Types of beer

Category:Cocktails with beer

Category:Two-ingredient cocktails