Shara Zhienkulova
{{Short description|Soviet actor (1912–1991)}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_suffix =
| name = Shara Zhienkulova
| native_name = Шара Жиенқұлова
| native_name_lang = kk
| image = Stamps of Kazakhstan, 2012-13.jpg
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| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1912|7|18}}
| birth_place = Verny, Kazakh SSR
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1991|5|21|1912|7|18}}
| death_place = Almaty, Kazakh SSR
| resting_place =
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| other_names =
| alma_mater = Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University
| occupation = Dancer
| years_active = 1928
| spouse =
| partner = Kurmanbek Dzhandarbekov
| children = Bulat Dzhandarbekov
| relatives =
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| awards = {{plainlist |
}}
Shara Zhienkulova ({{langx|kk|Шара Жиенқұлова}}, a shortened version of Gulshara Zhienkulova, married name Dzhandarbekova; July 18, 1912 – May 21, 1991) was a Kazakh Soviet dancer{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://harpersbazaar.kz/velikie-zhenshhiny-kazahstana/|title=Великие женщины Казахстана|website=harpersbazaar.kz|date=2024-03-02|access-date=}} and educator. People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR (1938).{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://elle.com.kz/5-kazahstanskih-pervootkryvatelnic/|title=5 казахстанских первооткрывательниц|website= elle.com.kz |date=2023-10-04|access-date=}}
Biography
Gulshara Zhienkulova was born in the town of Verny (present-day Almaty) on August 18, 1912.{{Cite web|language=ru|url= https://www.inform.kz/ru/vol-nyy-duh-drevney-stepi-vospital-v-nashih-zhenschinah-stremlenie-k-svobode-i-spravedlivosti_a3908742|title= Вольный дух древней степи воспитал в наших женщинах стремление к свободе и справедливости|website=www.inform.kz|date=2022-03-09|access-date=}} She studied history at Kazakh Pedagogical Institute (current Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University) in 1929–1930.{{Cite web|language=en|url=https://nlrk.kz/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4651:there-is-organized-the-book-exhibition-kazak-bi-onerynyn-negizyn-salushy-shara-zhienkulova-dedicated-to-the-110-th-birthday-of-the-people-s-artiste-of-the-kazakh-ssr-dancer-pedagogue-shara-zhienkulova&catid=125&lang=en&Itemid=127|title=There is organized the book exhibition "Kazak bi onerynyn negizyn salushy Shara Zhienkulova", dedicated to the 110-th birthday of the People's artiste of the Kazakh SSR, dancer, pedagogue|website=nlrk.kz|date=2022-08-01|access-date=2024-07-02}}
Zhienkulova's primary mentor was Alexander Alexandrov, an experienced theatrical ballet master, a former soloist of the Bolshoi Theatre. He provided her with a solid foundation in Russian classical dance and consistently emphasized the importance of national character in art. Their collaborative work resulted in Tattimbet, which is still considered one of the best Kazakh dances.
Pulysh in the play Maidan (Battle) by B. Mailin was Shara's first role in Auezov Theater. She also performed the roles of Enlik and Karagoz in Enlik-Kebek and Karagoz plays by Mukhtar Auezov, and others.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://www.inform.kz/ru/edinstvennie-i-nepovtorimie-kazahstanki-voshedshie-v-istoriyu-6c4c5e|title=Единственные и неповторимые. Женщины, вошедшие в историю Казахстана|website=www.inform.kz|date=2024-03-08|access-date=}}
In 1934, Zhienkulova joined the theater of drama and music now known as The Kazakh National Opera and Ballet Theatre named after Abay) where she performed folk dances in Auezov's musical drama Ayman-Sholpan, as well as operas Kyz-Zhibek, Zhalbyr and Er Targhin by Yevgeny Brusilovsky.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://vecher.kz/ru/article/pervaia-tansovshisa-shara-jienkulova-sozdala-kazahskii-tanes-polojivshii-nachalo-nasionalnoihoreografii.html|title=Первая танцовщица: Шара Жиенкулова создала казахский танец, положивший начало национальной хореографии|website=vecher.kz|date=2022-09-08|access-date=}} Shara graced Kalkaman-Mamyr, the first Kazakh national ballet, as Mamyr in 1938.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://nomad.su/?a=14-200407190012|title=Легенда по имени Шара|website=nomad.su|date=2004-07-19|access-date=2024-07-09}} She also performed as Balym in the sound movie Amangeldy produced by the Kazakhstani filmmakers the same year.{{Cite web|language=kk|url=https://kaz.inform.kz/news/bi-padishasy-shara-zhienkulova-1912-1991_a2682894/|title=Би падишасы - Шара Жиенқұлова (1912-1991)|website=kaz.inform.kz|date=2014-07-30|access-date=2024-07-09}} Together with ballet master Leonid Zhukov, Shara Zhienkulova staged a ballet called Koktem (Spring) by Ivan Nadirov in 1940.
She worked at Jambyl Kazakh State Philharmonic for over 20 years and led the Kazakh SSR Song and Dance Company.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://qazaqculture.com/ru/heritage/The-Gold-Fund/Shara-Gulshara-Zhienkulova|title=Шара (Гульшара) Жиенкулова|website=qazaqculture.com|date=|access-date=2024-07-05}} She served as the director of Almaty Choreographic College from 1966 until 1975.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://qazaqballet.kz/main_articles/snachala-pover-a-potom-pojmesh-iz-serii-akademija-chuvstv/|title=Сначала поверь, а потом поймешь… (Из серии "Академия чувств")|website=qazaqballet.kz|date=2018-05-29|access-date=2024-07-24}}
To develop national dance art, Zhienkulova traveled extensively across auls, studying ancient rituals, national costumes, traditions and cultural heritage of her people. She created such unforgettable dances as Tattimbet, Ayzhan Kyz, Kara Jorga and Kyryk Kyz.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://astanaballet.com/ru/news/smi-o-nas/vosstanavlivat-elementy-kazahskogo-tanca-prihodilos-godami-zamglavy-astana-balet|title=Восстанавливать элементы казахского танца приходилось годами - замглавы "Астана Балет"|website=astanaballet.com|date=2019-03-31|access-date=2024-07-09}}
When the folk department of the Almaty Choreographic College opened in 1965, she placed Kazakh dance on a professional footing with her own teaching methodologies.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://novgaz.com/index.php/2-news/3667-%C2%AB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%83%C2%BB-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9-%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF|title=Орлеу - восхождение на танцевальный Олимп|website=novgaz.com|date=2024-03-27|access-date=}}
Shara Zhienkulova has been called a diamond of musical and plastic arts.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://inbusiness.kz/ru/last/kazahstanskij-film-o-balete-ocenili-zriteli-v-kieve|title=Казахстанский фильм о балете оценили зрители в Киеве|website= inbusiness.kz|date=2018-01-29|access-date=2024-07-02}} Gulfairus Ismailova painted Kazakh Waltz for her.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://shkolenet.ru/QA/909916/|title=История написания картины "Казахский вальс"|website=shkolenet.ru|date=|access-date=2024-07-12}} It is also the name of one of Zhienkulova's most famous productions, set to the music by Khamidi. Kazakh Waltz was first performed during the 10-day Festival of Kazakh Literature and Arts in the Bolshoi in Moscow in 1968 by an all-female group of dancers and was later showcased in the Soviet Union and abroad.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://magnolia.kz/articles/29168-kazahskiy-vals-shary.html|title=«Казахский вальс Шары|website=magnolia.kz|date=|access-date=2024-07-24}}
Shara Zhienkulova died on May 21, 1991, 40 days after the death of her son Bulat Dzhandarbekov, she was buried next to him in the Kensai cemetery in Almaty.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://vechastana.kz/kazahskij-val-s/|title=Казахский вальс|website=vechastana.kz|date=2022-08-09|access-date= |last1=Муратова |first1=Куралай }}
Filmography
| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;"
! rowspan="2" width="45" | Year ! rowspan="2" width="350" | Title ! rowspan="2" width="350" | Original title |
| width="75" | Actor
! width="75" | Notes |
|---|
| 1939
| Амангельды | Balim |
| 1954
| Daughter of the Steppes (film) | Дочь степей | Gyulsara |
| 1957
| Наш милый доктор | choreographer |
Family
Shara was the first wife of opera singer Kurmanbek Dzhandarbekov.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://kazpravda.kz/n/koroleva-tantsa-shara/|title= Королева танца – Шара |website=kazpravda.kz|date=2022-11-23|access-date=}} She later got briefly married to pilot Zholdasbek Nurymov.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://ru.batyr.foundation/qazaqroses|title=Шара Жиенкулова |website=ru.batyr.foundation|date=|access-date=2024-07-09}}
Bulat Dzhandarbekov, her son from the first marriage, was a writer, the author of the historical dilogy The Sakas (Tomiris, The Feat of Shirak).{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://interesnoe.me/view/content/upd/99179053|title=Золотые люди Алматы. Шара Жиенкулова|website=interesnoe.me|date=2017-07-18|access-date=2024-07-09}}
== Awards and honours ==
- Order of the Badge of Honour (May 26, 1936){{cite web|url=https://portal-kultura.ru/upload/iblock/69f/1936.05.29.pdf|title=Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 26 мая 1936 года «О награждении работников Казахского государственного музыкального театра и Казахской музыкальной филармонии»|publisher=Sample Int'l|date=1936-05-29|access-date=2024-07-09}}
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour (August 17, 1982){{Cite web|language=ru|url=http://library.kz/ru/vystavks/informatsiya-o-vystavkakh/98-vystavki/4148-koroleve-kazakhskogo-tantsevalnogo-iskusstva-share-zhienkulovoj-110-let.html|title=Королеве казахского танцевального искусства Шаре Жиенкуловой-110 лет!|website=library.kz|date=|access-date=2024-07-09}}
- Order of the Red Banner of Labour (December 27, 1972)
- Order of Lenin (January 3, 1959) awarded for her outstanding contributions to the development of Kazakh art and literature, and in connection with the 10-day Festival of Kazakh Art and Literature in Moscow{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://marinkinrasskaz.ucoz.ru/publ/4-1-0-242|title=Шара Жиенкулова |website=marinkinrasskaz.ucoz.ru|date=|access-date=2024-07-09}}
- Honored Artist of the Kazakh SSR (1936)
- People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR (1938){{Cite web|language=ru|url= https://www.inform.kz/ru/shara-zhienkulova-i-tanec-yavlyayutsya-sinonimami-ministr-kul-tury-i-informacii-rk_a2466313|title=Шара Жиенкулова и танец являются синонимами - министр культуры и информации РК|website=www.inform.kz|date=2012-05-23|access-date=2024-07-09}}
- State Prize of the Kazakh SSR (1968){{Cite web|language=en|url=https://qazaqculture.com/heritage/The-Gold-Fund/Shara-Gulshara-Zhienkulova|title=SHARA (GULSHARA) ZHIYENKULOVA|website=qazaqculture.com|date=|access-date=2024-07-24}}
Legacy
- A street in Kazakhstan's capital city of Astana is named after Shara Zhienkulova.
- On October 17, 2012, a commemorative stamp was issued as part of the Milestones, Jubilees and Holidays series to mark the 100th anniversary of Shara Zhienkulova, dancer, teacher, and People's Artist of the Kazakh SSR.{{Cite web|language=ru|url=https://peterstamps.ru/item/28704|title=Казахстан. 100 лет со дня рождения Шары Жиенкуловой|website=peterstamps.ru|date=2012-10-17|access-date=2024-07-24}}
External links
- {{IMDb name|1138738|Shara Zhienkulova}}
- Kazakhstan National encyclopedia (ru) — Vol 2 of 5 (2005)Kazakhstan National encyclopedia (ru) — Vol 2 of 5 (2005) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kazakhstan_National_encyclopedia_(ru)_-_Vol_2_of_5_(2005).pdf&page=328]
- Kazakhstan National encyclopedia (ru) — Vol 3 of 5 (2005) [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kazakhstan_National_encyclopedia_(ru)_-_Vol_3_of_5_(2005).pdf&page=52]
References
{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zhienkulova, Shara}}
Category:20th-century Kazakhstani women
Category:Recipients of the Medal "For Battle Merit"
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
Category:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour