Shomrat

{{Infobox Kibbutz

| name = Shomrat

| image = Shomrat 2011.jpg

| caption =

| hebname = {{Script/Hebrew|שָׁמְרַת}}

| foundation = 29 May 1948

| founded_by = Czechoslovak, Hungarian and Romanian {{nowrap|Hashomer Hatzair Members}}

| district = north

| council = Mateh Asher

| affiliation = Kibbutz Movement

| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}

| population = {{Israel populations|Shamerat}}{{Israel populations|reference}}

| pushpin_map=Israel northwest

| pushpin_mapsize = 250

| pushpin_label_position=

|coordinates = {{coord|32|57|4|N|35|5|44|E|display=inline,title}}

| website = [http://www.at-shomrat.com www.at-shomrat.com]

}}

Shomrat ({{langx|he|שָׁמְרַת}}) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the western Galilee on the coastal highway just north of Acre, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Asher Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Shamerat}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}

History

The kibbutz was established on 29 May 1948 by Hashomer Hatzair members from Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania on land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of al-Manshiyya, north of the village site,{{cite book|title=All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_By7AAAAIAAJ|first1=Walid|last1=Khalidi|authorlink=Walid Khalidi|year=1992|location=Washington D.C.|publisher=Institute for Palestine Studies|ISBN=0-88728-224-5|page=23}} and also incorporated some land from al-Sumayriyya.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C |first=Benny |last=Morris |authorlink=Benny Morris |year=2004 |title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|isbn=978-0-521-00967-6 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|page= [https://books.google.com/books?id=uM_kFX6edX8C&pg=PR20 xx]}}Khalidi, p. 30 Some of the founders had fought with the partisan forces against the Nazis in Europe, while the majority came out of various Nazi concentration camps. Most of the kibbutz founders made their way to Palestine as part of the Aliyah Bet organization, and were consequently interned in DP camps in Cyprus. The founders originally resided in the agricultural experimental government station near Acre, and moved to the permanent location in 1950.{{Cite book

| publisher = Mapa Publishing

| isbn = 965-7184-34-7

| pages = 530

|editor-first=Yuval |editor-last=El'azari

| title = Mapa's concise gazetteer of Israel

| location = Tel-Aviv

| year = 2005

|language=he}}

Designer Tzuri Gueta attended secondary school at Shomrat, and his first job was in the kibbutz knitting factory.

In August of 1988, a gang rape occurred in the kibbutz resulting in changes to Israeli law on sexual assault.{{Cite news |title=This Week in Haaretz 1988 11 Men Accused of Raping Kibbutz Shomrat Girl |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/2010-08-26/ty-article/this-week-in-haaretz-1988-11-men-accused-of-raping-kibbutz-shomrat-girl/0000017f-eaae-d639-af7f-ebff28150000 |access-date=2023-07-11}}

Economy

In 1993, the kibbutz opened a cotton spinning and knitting factory.[http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/tzuri-gueta-once-a-struggling-designer-is-now-the-toast-of-paris.premium-1.440261 Tzuri Gueta, once a struggling designer is now the toast of Paris] Haaretz

Following the collapse of Shomrat's industrial enterprises at the end of the 1990s, Shomrat reorganized itself on the renewed kibbutz model, instituting a differential pay scale and deep privatization of kibbutz services.{{Cite news

| title = The Kibbutz Sheds Socialism and Gains Popularity.

| work = New York Times

| accessdate = 2010-01-12

| date = 2007-08-27

| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/world/middleeast/27kibbutz.html

| first=Isabel

| last=Kershner

| author-link= Isabel Kershner

}}