Short No.1 biplane
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
| {{Infobox Aircraft Begin
| name=Short No.1 | image=File:Short No.1 biplane.jpg | caption= }} {{Infobox Aircraft Type | type=Experimental aircraft | national origin=United Kingdom | manufacturer=Short Brothers | designer=Horace Short | first flight= | introduced=1909 | retired= | status= | primary user= | number built=1 | program cost= | unit cost= | developed from= | variants with their own articles= | developed into= }} |
The Short No.1 biplane was an early British aircraft built in 1909 by Short Brothers. Although it never flew, it was notable for being the first aircraft designed by Horace Short.
Design and development
The Short No.1 was built for Francis McClean, who had seen Wilbur Wright's flight demonstrations at Le Mans in France. McClean, a keen astronomer, had to leave on an expedition to observe a solar eclipse in China, but wrote to Horace Short, whom he had only met once, asking him to build him an aeroplane. Horace Short began design work in November 1908,Barnes 1967, p.6 and construction of the aircraft was started at Short Brothers' Battersea workshop in early 1909. The uncovered airframe was exhibited in March at the 1909 London Aero Show at Olympia."[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1909/1909%20-%200173.html Flyers at Olympia]". Flight Volume 1, No. 13, 27 March 1909. p. 175.
The aircraft was a three-bay biplane with a biplane elevator and central fin mounted on two pairs of converging booms in front. The chord of the outer bay of each wing was extended aft to form flexible extensions to effect lateral control: between the tips of these extensions, four balanced rudders were pivoted. The undercarriage consisted of a pair of ash skids extending forward, almost as far as the elevators. No wheels were fitted, as it was intended to use a launching rail for takeoff.Barnes 1967, p.42 Apart from the skids, the entire airframe was built of spruce, and was covered with Continental brand rubberised fabric. The engine, originally intended to be a version of the Wright's vertical 4-cylinder engine made by Bariquand et Marre, drove a pair of pusher propellers, mounted slightly above mid-gap using a chain drive. This was arranged so that both propellers revolved in the same direction, since crossing them to make them revolve in opposite directions might have infringed patents held by the Wright brothers.Barnes 1967, p.42
Work continued at the newly established Short Brothers works on the Isle of Sheppey, and was complete upon McClean's return from China. The Bariquand et Marre engine was not yet available, so a {{convert|30|hp|abbr=on}} engine taken from a Nordenfelt car was installed. However, at more than {{convert|600|lb|abbr=on}} in weight, when a first attempt at flight was made in September, the engine failed to propel the machine even as far as the end of the launching rail. The Bariquand et Marre engine arrived in October, and McClean made three attempts at flight on 2, 3 and 6 November, almost succeeding in becoming airborne, but on the last attempt he applied full up-elevator, and the machine stalled and fell back on the launch rail, breaking the undercarriage and propellers: it was not repaired.Barnes 1967, p.43 McClean's next aircraft was a copy of the Wright Model A built under license by Short Brothers.
Specifications
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Barnes 1967, p.43
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|crew=one
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|length ft=24
|length in=7
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|wing area sqft=576
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|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=1200
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|more general=
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Bariquand et Marre
|eng1 type=4-cylinder inline water-cooled
|eng1 kw=
|eng1 hp=30
|eng1 note=
|power original=
|thrust original=
|prop blade number=2
|prop name=laminated spruce made by Shorts
|prop dia m=
|prop dia ft=10
|prop dia in=
|prop dia note=
|perfhide=Y
|max speed kmh=
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|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed mph=
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|range km=
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|ceiling m=
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}}
References
;Citations
{{reflist|colwidth=33em}}
;Bibliography
{{commons category|Short No.1 biplane}}
{{refbegin}}
- Barnes, C.H. Shorts Aircraft Since 1900. London: Putnam, 1967
{{refend}}
{{Short Brothers aircraft}}
Category:1900s British experimental aircraft