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Shuangfeng dialect

{{Short description|Dialect of Xiang Chinese}}{{Infobox language

|name=Shuangfeng dialect

|nativename=雙峰話

|states=China

|region=Shuangfeng, Hunan province

|speakers=?

|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan

|fam2=Sinitic

|fam3=Xiang

|fam4=Old Xiang (Lou-Shao)

|isoexception=dialect

|linglist=hsn-luo

|glotto=shua1258

|glottorefname=Shuangfeng

|notice=IPA

}}

The Shuangfeng dialect ({{zh|t=雙峰話|s=双峰话|p=Shuāngfēnghuà}}) is a dialect of Xiang Chinese, spoken in Shuangfeng County, Hunan province, China.

Phonology

=Consonants=

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"

|+ Consonants of the Shuangfeng dialect

! colspan=2| 

! bilabial

! alveolar

! alveolo-palatal

! retroflex

! velar

colspan=2|nasal

| {{IPA link|m}}

| {{IPA link|n}}

| {{IPA link|ɲ}}

|  

| {{IPA link|ŋ}}

rowspan=3|plosives

! voiced

| {{IPA link|b}}

| {{IPA link|d}}

|  

|  

| {{IPA link|ɡ}}

voiceless unaspirated

| {{IPA link|p}}

| {{IPA link|t}}

|  

|  

| {{IPA link|k}}

voiceless aspirated

| {{IPA link|pʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʰ}}

|  

|  

| {{IPA link|kʰ}}

rowspan=2|fricatives

! voiced

|  

|  

|  

|  

| {{IPA link|ɣ}}

voiceless

|  

| {{IPA link|s}}

| {{IPA link|ɕ}}

| {{IPA link|ʂ}}

| {{IPA link|x}}

rowspan=3|affricates

! voiced

|  

| {{IPA link|dz}}

| {{IPA link|dʑ}}

| {{IPA link|dʐ}}

|  

voiceless unaspirated

|  

| {{IPA link|ts}}

| {{IPA link|tɕ}}

| {{IPA link|tʂ}}

|  

voiceless aspirated

|  

| {{IPA link|tsʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tɕʰ}}

| {{IPA link|tʂʰ}}

|  

colspan=2|lateral approximants

|  

| {{IPA link|l}}

|  

|  

|  

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"

|+Vowels/Combinations of the Shuangfeng dialect

! colspan="2" |

! colspan="6" |Oral

! colspan="4" |Nasal

colspan="2" |Medial

!∅

!coda

!a

!e

!i

!u

!n

!ŋ

!∅

!i

rowspan="9" |Nucleus

!∅

|

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA|əu}}

|

|{{IPA|ɒŋ}}

|{{IPA|æ̃}}

|

rowspan="8" |Vowel

|{{IPA|i}}

|

|{{IPA|ia}}

|{{IPA|ie}}

|

|

|{{IPA|iɛn}}

|{{IPA|iɒŋ}}

|{{IPA|ĩ}}

|{{IPA|iĩ}}

{{IPA|y}}

|

|{{IPA|ya}}

|{{IPA|ye}}

|

|

|{{IPA|yɛn}}

|

|

|

{{IPA|a}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA|an}}

|

|

|

{{IPA|e}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

{{IPA|o}}

|{{IPA|io}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

{{IPA|ɤ}}

|{{IPA|iɤ}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

{{IPA|ʊ}}

|{{IPA|iʊ}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

|

{{IPA|u}}

|

|{{IPA|ua}}

|{{IPA|ue}}

|{{IPA|ui}}

|

|{{IPA|uan}}

|

|

|{{IPA|uĩ}}

colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Syllabic

|{{IPA|ɹ̩}}

|

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA|n̩}}

|

|{{IPA|m̩}}

|

{{IPA|ɻ̩}}

|

|

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|

=Tones=

Phonemically, Shuangfeng dialect has three tones. Phonetically, however, the pitch of a syllable depends on the voicing of the initial consonant so the tones are counted as five:

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:1em auto 1em auto"

|+ Tone chart of the Shuangfeng dialect

Tone numberTone nameTone contourDescription
1

| yin ping (陰平)|| {{IPA|˥}} (55) || high

2

| yang ping (陽平)|| {{IPA|˨˧}} (23) || low rising

3

| shang sheng (上聲)|| {{IPA|˨˩}} (21) || low

4

| yin qu (陰去)|| {{IPA|˧˥}} (35) || high rising

5

| yang qu (陽去)|| {{IPA|˧}} (33) || mid

See also

References

  • Běijīng dàxué zhōngguó yǔyán wénxué xì yǔyán xué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì. Běijīng: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎn shè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社)
  • Coblin, W. South. (2011). Comparative Phonology of the Central Xiāng Dialects. Taipei: Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica.
  • Norman, Jerry. [1988] (2002). Chinese. Cambridge, England: CUP {{ISBN|0-521-29653-6}}
  • Wu, Yunji. (2005). A Synchronic and diachronic study of the grammar of the Chinese Xiang dialects. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. {{ISBN|3-11-018366-8}}
  • Yuán, jiāhuá (1989). Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎn shè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.)

External links

  • [http://www.chiculture.net/0604/html/c08/0604c08.html Cantonese and other dialects] (in Chinese)
  • [http://www.glossika.com/en/dict/classification/xiang/index.php Classification of Xiang Dialects from Glossika]

{{Sino-Tibetan languages}}

{{Chinese language}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shuangfeng Dialect}}

Category:Xiang Chinese

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