Shusha uezd

The Shusha uezd was located in the southeastern portion of Elizavetpol Governorate, bordering the contiguous Jevanshir uezd on the north, the Jebrail uezd to the south, the Zangezur uezd to the west and the Baku Governorate in the east. The area covered 4,316 square verst, or {{convert|4911|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The county was normally divided into the mountainous, submountanous and lowland parts. The mountains covered the southwestern part of the county and were part of the Lesser Caucasus range, reaching as high as {{convert|8988|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The gorges and valleys towards the northeast made up the submountainous areas of the uezd. The lowland part of the county is rich with rivers. The Khachinchay river formed the natural boundary between the Shusha and the Javanshir uezds.{{cite web |url=http://gatchina3000.ru/big/117/117444_brockhaus-efron.htm |title=Брокгауз-Ефрон и Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Шуша |trans-title=Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia. Shusha |access-date=2011-08-02}}

The territories of Shusha uezd once formed part of the Karabakh Khanate until the latter's dissolution in 1813, when the area was ceded by Qajar Iran to the Russian Empire in accordance with the Treaty of Gulistan. Russian rule was officially established in the region by 1823.

On April 10, 1840 Shusha uezd was established as a separate administrative unit within Caspian Oblast of the empire with Shusha as its capital. From 1846 on, it was an administrative unit of Shemakha Governorate (later renamed to the Baku Governorate in 1859). In 1868, the county was incorporated into the Elizavetpol Governorate. In 1873, the territories of Javanshir and Jabrail of the Shusha uezd were detached and established as separate administrative uezds.{{cite book |title=Политический строй Азербайджана в XIX-начале XX веков: административный аппарат и суд, формы и методы колониального управления |last1=Milman |first1=Aron Shmulyevich |year=1966 |publisher= Azerbaijan State Publishing. Original from Pennsylvania State University |location= USA |page=114 }}

After the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the formation of the independent Transcaucasian republics, including the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918, the western mountainous districts of the Elizavetpol Governorate including the Shusha, Zangezur, Jebrail, Jevanshir, Kazakh and Elizavetpol uezds became subject to intense territorial disputes between Armenia and Azerbaijan throughout 1918-1920, both of whom included these areas in their territorial pretensions that they presented in memorandums to the Paris Peace Conference.

Since the collapse of Russian authority in the Transcaucasus, the mountainous portion of the county which was overwhelmingly Armenian and included the administrative center of Shusha was governed by the de facto Karabakh Council which vehemently rejected Ottoman and Azerbaijani attempts to subordinate the region. However, following the arrival of British forces in Transcaucasia, the Karabakh Council reluctantly submitted to provisional Azerbaijani rule through the Governor-Generalship of Karabakh, led by Dr. Khosrov bey Sultanov, due to the exerted British pressure on the council in August 1919.{{cite book |title=State Building and Conflict Resolution in the Caucasus |last1=Hille |first1=Charlotte |year=2010 |publisher= Koninklijke Brill NV |location= Leiden, the Netherlands |isbn= 978-90-04-17901-1 |pages= 165–166 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxFP6K8iZzQC&dq=Jevanshir&pg=PA166 |access-date= 2011-08-02}}{{cite web |url=http://www.elibrary.az/docs/azerbaijan/rus/gl2.pdf |title=Общие сведения об административно-территориальном делении |trans-title=Presidential library. General data about administrative-territorial divisions |access-date=2011-08-02}}

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Shusha uezd in 1912 were as follows:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1913 год|pp=152–159}}

The population was engaged primarily in agriculture and farming in the mountainous areas, gardening, sericulture and cattlebreeding in submountainous areas. The lowland area was used for growing cotton, which produced 20 thousand pounds of cotton per year. Vineyards covered as much as 4,494 desyatinas of land, producing 106,860 lbs of grape. Nearly 10,000 lbs of silk pods were being collected per annum. Cattlebreeding which played an important role in the regional economy accounted 38,888 of cattle, 10,918 buffalos, 133,648 sheep, 3,052 goats, 8,016 horses, 4,052 donkeys, 1,052 mules, 340 camels, 4,052 pigs.

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Shusha uezd had a population of 138,771 on {{OldStyleDate|28 January|1897|15 January}}, including 74,171 men and 64,600 women. The majority of the population indicated Armenian to be their mother tongue, with significant Tatar{{Caucasian Tatars}} and Russian speaking minorities.{{Cite web |title=Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей. |url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/emp_lan_97_uezd.php?reg=396 |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=www.demoscope.ru}}

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Shusha uezd had a population of 188,745 on {{OldStyleDate|14 January|1916|1 January}}, including 102,134 men and 86,611 women, 182,429 of whom were the permanent population, and 6,316 were temporary residents. The statistics indicated Armenians to be the majority of the population of both the city Shusha and in the rest of the uezd, with a significant Shia Muslim minority:{{sfn|Кавказский календарь на 1917 год|pp=190–197}}

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• {{Cite Armenia and Imperial Decline}}
• {{Cite The Republic of Armenia Volume 1}}
• {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1913}}
• {{Cite Kavkazskiy Kalendar 1917}}
• {{Cite Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus}}

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{{Coord|39|45.5|N|46|44.9|E|display=title}}

{{Administrative divisions of the Elizavetpol Governorate}}

Category:Historical geography of Azerbaijan

Category:States and territories established in 1840

Category:1921 disestablishments

Category:Uezds of Elizavetpol Governorate

Category:Uezds of the Soviet Union

Category:1840 establishments in the Russian Empire