Siddharthanagar

{{About|the Nepali city|the district in Uttar Pradesh|Siddharthnagar District}}

{{Infobox settlement

| name = Siddhārthanagar / Bhairahawa

| native_name = सिद्धार्थनगर / भैरहवा

| nickname = Bhairahawa

| settlement_type = Municipality

| motto =

| image_skyline = Lumbini Gate bhw.jpg

| image_caption = Lumbini Gate, Bhairahawa

| image_flag =

| image_seal =

| image_map =

| mapsize = 300px

| map_caption = Map of the Village Development Committees in Rupandehi District

| pushpin_map = Nepal

| pushpin_label_position = bottom

| pushpin_mapsize = 300

| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nepal

| subdivision_type = Country

| subdivision_name = {{flag|Nepal}}

| subdivision_type1 = Province

| subdivision_name1 = Lumbini

| subdivision_type2 = District

| subdivision_name2 = Rupandehi

| government_footnotes =

| government_type = Mayor–council

| leader_title = Mayor

| leader_name = Ishtiyak Ahmad Khan (NC)

| leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor

| leader_name1 = Uma Adhikari (CPN (UML))

| leader_title2 = Chief Administrator Officer

| leader_name2 = Nabaraj Poudyal {{cite web |url=https://siddharthanagarmun.gov.np/ne/node/589|title=Chief Administrative Officer of Siddharthanagar}}

| established_title = Incorporated

| established_date = 1967

| unit_pref =

| area_footnotes =

| area_total_km2 = 36.03

| population_as_of = 2021

| population_footnotes =

| population_note =

| population_total = 74,436

| population_density_km2 = 2,066

| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities

| demographics_type1 = Language

| demographics1_title1 = Official

| demographics1_info1 = Nepali{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Minority Affairs|accessdate=16 May 2019|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}

| demographics1_title3 =

| timezone = NST

| utc_offset = +5:45

| timezone_DST =

| utc_offset_DST =

| coordinates = {{coord|27|30|N|83|27|E|region:NP_type:city|display=inline,title}}

| elevation_footnotes =

| elevation_m =

| postal_code_type = Postal code

| postal_code = 32900

| area_code = 071

| blank_name =

| blank_info =

| website = {{URL|www.siddharthanagarmun.gov.np/ne}}

| footnotes =

| official_name =

| anthem =

| image_map1 =

| module = {{Infobox mapframe |wikidata=yes |zoom=11 |height=250 |stroke-width=2 | {{WikidataCoord|display=i}}}}

}}

Siddharthanagar ({{langx|ne|सिद्धार्थनगर}}), formerly and colloquially still called Bhairahawa ({{langx|ne|भैरहवा}}), is a municipality and the administrative headquarter of Rupandehi District in Lumbini Province of Nepal, {{convert|265|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of Nepal's capital Kathmandu. It is the closest city to Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, which is located {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the west. The city borders the Indian city of Sonauli in Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh.

Although the current name was first used in 1977, many still refer to it as Bhairahawa.{{cite web |last1=Pant |first1=Shashwat |title=New names for old places reflect the changing times, but not everyone is happy |url=https://kathmandupost.com/valley/2020/01/23/new-names-for-old-places-reflect-the-changing-times-but-not-everyone-is-happy |publisher=The Kathmandu Post |access-date=18 June 2020 |date=23 January 2020}}

History and etymology

The city was founded as Bhairahawa in 1967. The city's current name Siddharthanagar derives from Buddha's given name Siddhartha, as the birthplace of Buddha is located only {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the west. The name was changed to Siddhartanagar in 1977 AD{{cite web |title=ब्रोसर २०१४ |url=http://www.siddharthanagar.org.np/main.php?Id=426533859859 |publisher=Siddharthanagar Municipality |access-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619044152/http://www.siddharthanagar.org.np/main.php?Id=426533859859 |archive-date=2020-06-19 |url-status=dead}} by poet Komal Dutta Tiwari.{{citation needed|date=May 2019}}

Climate

The highest temperature ever recorded in Siddharthanagar was {{convert|45.7|°C}} on 7 June 2023, while the lowest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-1.1|°C}} on 20 January 1971.{{cite web |url=http://www.dhm.gov.np/uploads/climatic/1749218667Ext%20temp%20of%20January.pdf |title=Extreme Temperatures of Month January |website=www.dhm.gov.np |access-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304221858/http://www.dhm.gov.np/uploads/climatic/1749218667Ext%20temp%20of%20January.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead}}

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|location = Siddharthanagar (Gautam Buddha Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1968–present)

|Jan record high C = 29.6

|Feb record high C = 35.0

|Mar record high C = 40.2

|Apr record high C = 43.6

|May record high C = 45.2

|Jun record high C = 44.8

|Jul record high C = 39.2

|Aug record high C = 38.2

|Sep record high C = 38.7

|Oct record high C = 37.2

|Nov record high C = 35.4

|Dec record high C = 32.4

|Jan record low C = 2.0

|Feb record low C = 2.1

|Mar record low C = 6.0

|Apr record low C = 10.0

|May record low C = 14.6

|Jun record low C = 17.0

|Jul record low C = 19.0

|Aug record low C = 20.0

|Sep record low C = 19.5

|Oct record low C = 13.4

|Nov record low C = 8.3

|Dec record low C = 3.8

|Jan high C = 20.1

|Feb high C = 25.4

|Mar high C = 31.3

|Apr high C = 36.2

|May high C = 36.6

|Jun high C = 35.5

|Jul high C = 33.5

|Aug high C = 33.7

|Sep high C = 33.4

|Oct high C = 32.6

|Nov high C = 29.1

|Dec high C = 23.5

| year high C = 30.9

|Jan mean C = 14.4

|Feb mean C = 18.2

|Mar mean C = 23.0

|Apr mean C = 28.2

|May mean C = 30.3

|Jun mean C = 30.7

|Jul mean C = 29.9

|Aug mean C = 29.9

|Sep mean C = 29.2

|Oct mean C = 26.6

|Nov mean C = 21.9

|Dec mean C = 16.9

| year mean C = 24.9

|Jan low C = 8.7

|Feb low C = 10.9

|Mar low C = 14.7

|Apr low C = 20.2

|May low C = 23.9

|Jun low C = 25.9

|Jul low C = 26.3

|Aug low C = 26.0

|Sep low C = 24.9

|Oct low C = 20.6

|Nov low C = 14.6

|Dec low C = 10.2

| year low C = 18.9

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 20.8

|Feb precipitation mm = 27.8

|Mar precipitation mm = 18.7

|Apr precipitation mm = 30.4

|May precipitation mm = 87.6

|Jun precipitation mm = 254.7

|Jul precipitation mm = 497.4

|Aug precipitation mm = 399.7

|Sep precipitation mm = 216.8

|Oct precipitation mm = 65.5

|Nov precipitation mm = 4.9

|Dec precipitation mm = 8.2

| year precipitation mm = 1632.5

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 2.5

|Feb precipitation days = 2.2

|Mar precipitation days = 1.7

|Apr precipitation days = 2.5

|May precipitation days = 6.5

|Jun precipitation days = 11.9

|Jul precipitation days = 18.3

|Aug precipitation days = 16.1

|Sep precipitation days = 10.9

|Oct precipitation days = 3.2

|Nov precipitation days = 0.4

|Dec precipitation days = 0.5

|year precipitation days = 76.7

|source 1 = Department of Hydrology and Meteorology{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231014124305/https://nepalindata.com/media/resources/items/0/bPRECIPITATION_NORMAL_MM_1991-2020.pdf

| archive-date = 14 October 2023

| url = https://nepalindata.com/media/resources/items/0/bPRECIPITATION_NORMAL_MM_1991-2020.pdf

| title = PRECIPITATION NORMAL (MM) (1991-2020)

| publisher= Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

| access-date = 14 October 2023}}{{cite web

| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231014213207/https://nepalindata.com/media/resources/items/13/bANNUAL_EXTREME_TEMPERATURES.pdf

| archive-date = 14 October 2023

| url = https://nepalindata.com/media/resources/items/13/bANNUAL_EXTREME_TEMPERATURES.pdf

| title = Annual Extreme Temperatures

| publisher=Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

| access-date = 15 October 2023}}

|source 2 = World Meteorological Organization,{{cite web

| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Nepal/CSV/Bhairahawa_44438.csv

| title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020

| publisher = World Meteorological Organization

| access-date = 14 October 2023}} Meteomanz (extremes){{Cite web |title=Bhairahawa - Weather data by months |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=2200&ind=44438&m1=05&y1=2000&m2=05&y2=2025 |access-date=12 May 2025 |website=meteomanz}}

|date = May 2025

}}

Demographics

The population of Siddharthanagar in 2001 was 52,569. In 2011 it was 64,566 and in 2021 it was 74,436.{{Cite web |title=Siddharthanagar (Municipality, Nepal) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/nepal/mun/admin/rupandehi/4913__siddharthanagar/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}{{Cite web |title=population {{!}} national_population and housing_census_year results |url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/population?province=5&district=54&municipality=11 |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=censusnepal.cbs.gov.np}}

Bhojpuri is spoken by 42.2%, Nepali by 40.7%, Awadhi by 5.9%, Magar by 1.9% and Hindi by 1.9% of the Siddharthnagar municipality population as their first language.

{{Pie chart|value1=42.2|value2=40.7|value3=5.9|value4=1.9|value5=1.9|color1=gold|color2=blue|color3=orange|color4=red|color5=green|color6=grey|label1=Bhojpuri|label2=Nepali|label3=Awadhi|label4=Magar|label5=Hindi|label6=Others|value6=7.4|caption=Languages in Siddharthanagar}}

Education

File:Bhairahwa Multiple Campus.jpeg

Rupandehi Lilaram Ma Vi, Bhairahawa Ma Vi, Paklihawa Ma Vi are old higher secondary schools.

There are several higher education facilities in Siddharthanagar including Rupandehi Campus,{{Cite web|url=http://www.rupandehicampus.edu.np/|title=Home {{!}} Rupandehi Campus|website=www.rupandehicampus.edu.np|access-date=2019-01-23}}{{Cite web|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/44413/|title=Rupandehi Campus granted QAA certificate|website=My Republica|language=en|access-date=2019-01-23}} IAAS Paklihawa Campus, Universal College of Medical Sciences and Bhairahawa Namuna Campus. File:Rupandehi Campus.jpg

{{Geographic location

|Centre = Bhairahawa

|North = Butwal

|Northeast =

|East = Parasi

|Southeast =

|South = Gorakhpur, India

|Southwest =

|West = Taulihawa

|Northwest =

}}