Simeulue language

{{Short description|Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia}}

{{Infobox language

|name = Simeulue

|altname = Simolol

|nativename = Long Bano

|ethnicity = Simeulue people

|states = Indonesia

|region = Simeulue, Aceh, Sumatra

|speakers = 30,000

|date = no date

|ref = e16

|familycolor = Austronesian

|fam2 = Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3 = Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands

|fam5 = Northern Barrier Islands

|iso3 = smr

|glotto = sime1241

|glottorefname = Simeulue

}}

The Simeulue language is spoken by the Simeulue people of Simeulue off the western coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.{{Cite web |title=Tsunami 1907: Early Interpretation and its Development |url=http://www.jtic.org/phocadownload/archived_old_files/pdf/SMGChapter3.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726211714/http://www.jtic.org/phocadownload/archived_old_files/pdf/SMGChapter3.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-26}}

Names

Simeulue is also called {{Lang|smr|Mae o}}, which literally means 'Where are you going?'. Ethnologue also lists Long Bano, Simalur, Simeuloë, Simolol, and Simulul as alternate names.

Varieties

Simeulue is spoken in five of eight subdistricts (kecamatan) of Simeulue Regency. It includes at least 4 dialects.{{Citation |title=Simeulue |url=http://asiaharvest.org/wp-content/themes/asia/docs/people-groups/Indonesia/Simeulue.pdf |work=asiaharvest.org}}

  • Devayan: spoken in the four eastern subdistricts of Teupah Selatan, Simeulue Timur, Teupah Barat, and Teluk Dalam
  • Simolol (prestige dialect): spoken around Kampung Aie and Simeulue Tengah
  • Lekon: spoken in two villages in Alafan, namely Langi and Lafakha.{{Cite journal |last=Candrasari |first=Ratri |title=Language Vitality of Leukon |url=https://repository.unimal.ac.id/4843/8/EURASIAN%20%20JURNAL%20SCOPUS.pdf |journal=Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry |volume=13 |issue=6 |pages=234–243}}
  • Haloban: spoken in two villages in Banyak Islands, namely Haloban and Asantola.

Sikule, related to Nias, is spoken in Salang, Alafan and Simeulue Barat in northern Simeulue, while Jamu (also called Kamano), related to Minangkabau, is spoken in the capital city of Sinabang and has become the lingua franca of the island.

Phonology

class="wikitable"

|+Consonants{{Cite book |last1=Faridan |first1=Abdullah |title=Struktur bahasa Simeulue |last2=Ajies |first2=A. Murad Em |last3=Usman |first3=Umar |last4=Nuriah |first4=T. A. |publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |year=1981 |location=Jakarta |language=id}}

!

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

Plosive

|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|c}} {{IPA link|ɟ}}

|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

Fricative

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|{{IPA link|ɲ}}

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

Approximant

|{{IPA link|w}}

|{{IPA link|r}}, {{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

  • The phonemes /d c ɟ g j ɲ/ do not appear word-finally.
  • /ɲ/ also does not appear word-initially.

class="wikitable"

|+Vowels

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

High

|{{IPA link|i}}

|

|{{IPA link|u}}

Mid-high

|{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|ə}}

|{{IPA link|o}}

Mid-low

|{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

Low

|

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

Additionally, the following diphthongs have been observed: /au/, /ai/, /ɔi/.

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite journal |last1=Aziz |first1=Zulfadli A. |last2=Amery |first2=Robert |date=2016 |title=A Survey on the Status of the Local Languages of Pulau Simeulue and Pulau Banyak and Their Use within the Community|url=https://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/EEIC/article/view/16324 |journal=Proceedings of EEIC |language=en |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=487–490}}
  • {{Cite web |last=Candrasari |first=Ratri |date=2017 |title=Bahasa Devayan di Pulau Simeulue: Kajian Vitalitas Bahasa |url=https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/42887 |website=Repositori Universitas Sumatera Utara}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Faridan |first=Abdullah |year=1981 |title=Struktur Bahasa Simeulue |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3616/ |publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa}}
  • {{Cite book |last=Faridan |first=Abdullah |year=1983 |title=Morfologi dan Sintaksis Bahasa Simeulue |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3200/ |publisher=Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa}}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Mahmud |first1=Saifuddin |last2=Sulaiman |first2=Budiman |year=2000 |title=Struktur Sastra Lisan Simeulue |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2587/ |publisher=Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Nasional |isbn=979-685-078-8 }}
  • {{Cite book |last1=Usman |first1=Umar |last2=Faridan |first2=Abdullah |year=1991 |title=Sistem Morfologi Verba Bahasa Simeulue |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2280/ |publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan |isbn=979459-1149}}

{{Western Malayo-Polynesian languages}}

{{Languages of Indonesia}}

Category:Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands languages

Category:Languages of Indonesia

Category:Languages of Aceh

{{austronesian-lang-stub}}