Simian hemorrhagic fever virus

{{Virusbox

| name = Simian hemorrhagic fever virus

| image =

| image_alt =

| image_caption =

| parent = Hedartevirus

| species = Deltaarterivirus hemfev

| subdivision_ranks = Species

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| subdivision =

| synonyms = * Simian haemorrhagic fever virus

| synonyms_ref = {{cite web |last1=Brinton |first1=M.A. |display-authors=etal |title=Expansion of the rank structure of the family Arteriviridae and renaming its taxa |url=https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/2017.012_015S.A.v1.Nidovirales.zip |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=19 December 2019 |language=en |format=docx |date=8 August 2018 |quote=Deltaarterivirus hemfev (SHFV) simian hemorrhagic fever virus}}

}}

Simian hemorrhagic fever virus or simian haemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), is a highly pathogenic virus in monkeys. It is a positive-stranded RNA virus classified in the family Arteriviridae. It is the only member of the subgenus Hedartevirus.{{cite web |title=Virus Taxonomy: 2018b Release |url=https://ictv.global/taxonomy |website=International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) |accessdate=19 December 2019 |language=en |format=html |date=March 2019}}

Hosts

Patas are believed to be the natural host for the virus since about 50% of wild patas monkeys have antibodies for the virus, while antibodies are much less prevalent in other simian species such as vervets and baboons. In macaques, however, infection with this virus can result in acute severe disease with high mortality. Recently, red colobus monkeys and red-tailed guenons have been identified as natural hosts for SHFV.{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0019056|pmid=21544192|pmc=3081318|title=Novel, Divergent Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses in a Wild Ugandan Red Colobus Monkey Discovered Using Direct Pyrosequencing|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=6|issue=4|pages=e19056|year=2011|last1=Lauck|first1=Michael|last2=Hyeroba|first2=David|last3=Tumukunde|first3=Alex|last4=Weny|first4=Geoffrey|last5=Lank|first5=Simon M.|last6=Chapman|first6=Colin A.|last7=O'Connor|first7=David H.|last8=Friedrich|first8=Thomas C.|last9=Goldberg|first9=Tony L.|bibcode=2011PLoSO...619056L|doi-access=free}}{{cite journal |doi=10.1128/JVI.02433-12|pmid=23077302|pmc=3536393|title=Exceptional Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Diversity in a Wild African Primate Community|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=87|issue=1|pages=688–91|year=2012|last1=Lauck|first1=M.|last2=Sibley|first2=S. D.|last3=Hyeroba|first3=D.|last4=Tumukunde|first4=A.|last5=Weny|first5=G.|last6=Chapman|first6=C. A.|last7=Ting|first7=N.|last8=Switzer|first8=W. M.|last9=Kuhn|first9=J. H.|last10=Friedrich|first10=T. C.|last11=O'Connor|first11=D. H.|last12=Goldberg|first12=T. L.}}

In 2022, scientists cautioned about potential future spillover of SHFV.{{cite journal |last1=Warren |first1=Cody J. |last2=Yu |first2=Shuiqing |last3=Peters |first3=Douglas K. |last4=Barbachano-Guerrero |first4=Arturo |last5=Yang |first5=Qing |last6=Burris |first6=Bridget L. |last7=Worwa |first7=Gabriella |last8=Huang |first8=I.-Chueh |last9=Wilkerson |first9=Gregory K. |last10=Goldberg |first10=Tony L. |last11=Kuhn |first11=Jens H. |last12=Sawyer |first12=Sara L. |title=Primate hemorrhagic fever-causing arteriviruses are poised for spillover to humans |journal=Cell |date=13 October 2022 |volume=185 |issue=21 |pages=3980–3991.e18 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.022 |pmid=36182704 |pmc=9588614 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/364049834 |language=English |issn=0092-8674}}

University press release: {{cite news |title=Another monkey virus could be poised for spillover to humans |url=https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-09-monkey-virus-poised-spillover-humans.html |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=University of Colorado at Boulder via medicalxpress.com |language=en}}

Symptoms

Asymptomatic infection of the virus can occur in patas monkeys, vervet monkeys, and baboons, although it is observed primarily in patas monkeys. Infection has a rapid onset with animals developing a high fever, facial edema, cyanosis, anorexia, melena, and may begin to hemorrhage at the cutaneous, subcutaneous, and retrobulbar levels. Thrombocytopenia will develop soon after. Death usually occurs within 10–15 days after symptoms appear.{{cite book|title=Veterinary Microbiology|last1=Hirsh|first1=Dwight C.|last2=MacLachlan|first2=N. James|last3=Walker|first3=Richard L.|publisher=Blackwell|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8138-0379-1|edition=2nd}}

References

Category:Arteriviridae

Category:Hemorrhagic fevers