Siphula

The genus Siphula includes lichens with a shrubby, upright thallus (the lichen body) that is sparsely branched and has a whitish appearance. The outer surface, or {{lichengloss|cortex}}, is {{lichengloss|pseudoparenchymatous}}, meaning it consists of densely packed cells resembling plant parenchyma (common plant tissue). Siphula species partner with {{lichengloss|chlorococcoid}} algae, a type of green algae that supplies the lichen with energy through photosynthesis.

Inside the thallus, the medulla (inner tissue layer) is compact and has fungal filaments (hyphae) that are generally aligned in a longitudinal direction. No reproductive structures, such as apothecia (spore-producing bodies) or conidiomata (asexual spore-producing bodies), have been observed to occur in this genus.

Chemically, Siphula lichens contain various compounds including p- and m-depsides, dibenzofurans, and chromones, such as the compound siphulin.

Siphula species are found growing on peaty soils and on acid-leached bark in temperate rainforests as well as in wet alpine environments. This genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring across various regions worldwide.

{{Asof|2024|October}}, Species Fungorum accepts 22 species of Siphula:{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Search Page |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}

File:Siphula coriacea.jpg

• Siphula australiensis {{au|Kantvilas (2004)}}
• Siphula capensis {{au|Kantvilas (2023)}}
• Siphula ceratites {{au|(Wahlenb.) Fr. (1831)}}
• Siphula chimantensis {{au|V.Marcano (2021)}}
• Siphula coriacea {{au|Taylor ex Nyl. (1860)}}
• Siphula crittendenii {{au|Kantvilas (2023)}}
• Siphula decumbens {{au|Nyl. (1888)}}
• Siphula dissoluta {{au|Nyl. (1888)}}
• Siphula fastigiata {{au|(Nyl.) Nyl. (1863)}}
• Siphula flavovirens {{au|Kantvilas, Zedda & Elix (2003)}}
• Siphula gracilis {{au|Kantvilas (1998)}}
• Siphula paramensis {{au|V.Marcano & L. Castillo (2021)}}
• Siphula parhamii {{au|Kantvilas (2004)}}
• Siphula pteruloides {{au|Nyl. (1859)}}
• Siphula subpteruloides {{au|V.Marcano (2021)}}
• Siphula subsimplex {{au|V.Marcano (2021)}}
• Siphula verrucigera {{au|(J.F.Gmel.) R.Sant. (1966)}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite book |last=Fries |first=E.M. |title=Lichenographia Europaea Reformata |trans-title=Reformed European Lichenography |year=1831 |pages=7, 406 |language=Latin}}

{{cite journal |last=Hue |first=A. |title=Lichenes novos vel melius cognitos |journal=Annales Mycologici |year=1914 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=509–534 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.270806/page/n563/mode/2up |language=la}}

{{cite web |title=Siphula Fr. 1831 |url=http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=5035 |publisher=MycoBank. International Mycological Association |accessdate=2011-11-24}}

{{cite journal |last=Kantvilas |first=G. |year=1998 |title=Studies on the lichen genus Siphula in Tasmania II. The S. decumbens group |journal=Herzogia |volume=13 |pages=119–138 |doi=10.1127/herzogia/13/1998/119}}

{{cite journal |last=Kantvilas |first=G. |year=2004 |title=New Australian species in the lichen genus Siphula Fr. |journal=Austrobaileya |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=949–955 |doi=10.5962/p.299704|doi-access=free }}

{{cite journal |last1=Kantvilas |first1=G. |last2=Zedda |first2=L. |last3=Elix |first3=J.A. |year=2003 |title=A remarkable new species of Siphula (lichenized fungi) from South Africa |journal=Herzogia |volume=16 |pages=21–25 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215871449}}

{{cite journal |last=Kantvilas |first=G. |year=2023 |title=Three new species of siphuloid lichens, with a first key to the genus Parasiphula |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=17–25 |doi=10.1017/S0024282922000421}}

{{cite journal |last=Marcano |first=V. |year=2021 |title=The genus Siphula Fr. (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi) in Venezuela |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=489 |issue=1 |pages=10–26 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.489.1.2}}

{{cite journal |last1=Marcano |first1=V. |last2=Castillo |first2=L. |year=2021 |title=Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, lichenized fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=512 |issue=3 |pages=169–178 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.512.3.4}}

{{cite journal |last=Nylander |first=W.illiam |year=1859 |title=Lichenes in regionibus exoticis quibusdam vigentes exponit synopticis enumerationibus |trans-title=Synoptic enumeration of lichens growing in certain exotic regions |journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique |series=4 |volume=11 |pages=205–264 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41585882}}

{{cite book |last=Nylander |first=W. |year=1860 |title=Synopsis Methodica Lichenum Omnium hucusque Cognitorum, Praemissa Introductione Lingua Gallica |trans-title=Methodical Synopsis of All Known Lichens, With an Introduction in French |volume=1 |pages=141–430 |language=la}}

{{cite journal |last=Nylander |first=William |year=1863 |title=Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis ou enumeration des plantes de la Nouvelle-Grenade. Lichenes |trans-title=Prodrome of the Flora of New Granada or enumeration of plants from New Granada. Lichens |journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique |series=4 |volume=19 |pages=286–382 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41640182 |language=la}}

{{cite book |last=Nylander |first=W. |year=1888 |title=Lichenes Novae Zelandiae |trans-title=Lichens of New Zealand |pages=1–156 |location=Paris |publisher=Paul Schmidt |language=la}}

{{cite book |year=2009 |last1=Lambley |first1=P. |last2=Purvis |first2=O.W. |chapter=Siphula Fr. (1831) |editor-last1=Smith |editor-first1=C.W. |editor-last2=Aptroot |editor-first2=A. |editor-last3=Coppins |editor-first3=B.J. |editor-last4=Fletcher |editor-first4=A. |editor-last5=Gilbert |editor-first5=O.L. |editor-last6=James |editor-first6=P.W. |editor-last7=Wolseley |editor-first7=P.A. |title=The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland |publisher=British Lichen Society |location=London |page=841}}

{{cite journal |last1=Santesson |first1=R. |year=1966 |title=On the typification of some lichen names published by Gmelin |journal=Botaniska Notiser |page=84}}

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{{Taxonbar|from=Q4351819}}

Category:Pertusariales

Category:Pertusariales genera

Category:Lichen genera

Category:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries

Category:Taxa described in 1831