Siple Dome#See also
{{Short description|Geographic feature in Antarctica}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Siple Dome Field Camp
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Camp
| image_skyline = Antarctica Siple Dome Field Camp 5.jpg
| imagesize = 270
| image_caption = Siple Dome Field Camp in 2012
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| coordinates = {{coord|81.654303|S|149.005134|W|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagcountry|USA}}
| subdivision_type1 = Location in Antarctica
| subdivision_name1 = Siple Dome
Marie Byrd Land
Antarctica
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 = Administered by
| subdivision_name3 = National Science Foundation
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{start date|1996|df=y}}
| extinct_title =
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| blank_name_sec1 = Type
| blank_info_sec1 = Seasonal
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| blank_name_sec2 = Status
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| elevation_m = 730
| population_as_of =
| population_total = Up to 60
}}
Siple Dome ({{coord|81.65430285|S|149.0051336|W|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline, title}}) is an ice dome approximately 100 km wide and 100 km long, located 130 km east of Siple Coast in Antarctica. Charles Bentley and Robert Thomas established a "strain rosette" on this feature to determine ice movement in 1973–74. They referred to the feature as Siple Dome because of its proximity to Siple Coast.
Siple Dome ice core
The Siple Dome ice core project (79.468° S 112.086° W) was conducted by the United States National Science Foundation. The deepest ice was recovered in 1999 from 974 m, with an age of 97,600 years.Brook, E. J., White, J. W., Schilla, A. S., Bender, M. L., Barnett, B., Severinghaus, J. P., ... & Steig, E. J. (2005). Timing of millennial-scale climate change at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, during the last glacial period. Quaternary Science Reviews, 24(12), 1333-1343.
It is best known for the poorly-explained steps in water isotopes during the deglacial, which are unique to this core and may indicate a rapid decrease in the surface elevation of the adjoining ice streams during the deglacialTaylor, K. C., White, J. W. C., Severinghaus, J. P., Brook, E. J., Mayewski, P. A., Alley, R. B., ... & Lamorey, G. W. (2004). Abrupt climate change around 22ka on the Siple Coast of Antarctica. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23(1), 7-15. and a record of atmospheric carbon dioxide.Ahn, J., Wahlen, M., Deck, B. L., Brook, E. J., Mayewski, P. A., Taylor, K. C., & White, J. W. (2004). A record of atmospheric CO2 during the last 40,000 years from the Siple Dome, Antarctica ice core. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 109(D13)
The Chief Scientist was Kendrick Taylor.
Radar surveys of internal ice structure
In the 1990s a team from the University of Washington and St Olaf College surveyed the ice, measuring thickness and determining internal structure, {{cite journal|last1=Nereson|first1=N.A.|last2=Raymond|first2=C.F.|last3=Jacobel|first3=R.W.|last4=Waddington|first4=E.D.
|display-authors=2|title=The accumulation pattern across Siple Dome, West Antarctica, inferred from radar-detected internal layers |journal=Journal of Glaciology
|year=2000|volume=46|issue=152|pages=75–87|doi=10.3189/172756500781833449
|bibcode=2000JGlac..46...75N|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/accumulation-pattern-across-siple-dome-west-antarctica-inferred-from-radardetected-internal-layers/A8CB43803443F9DA3D953F70EF3D76F1|citeseerx=10.1.1.367.2532|s2cid=18864009}}
finding evidence for the operation of the Raymond Effect. They also found that the ice had a maximum thickness of around 1000 m.
In popular culture
- A documentary on climate change research associated with the Siple Dome ice core was produced by Nova: Warnings from the Ice, 1998. The documentary explains how reductions in Antarctic ice mass can raise sea level.
- Siple Dome is referenced in the song "Fall of Sipledome" by thrash metal band Testament (on their 1999 album The Gathering).
Climate
The climate is ice cap (Köppen: ET), as is most of the continent. Without marine moderation and a few hundred meters above sea level, it has one of the harshest winters on the continent outside the Antarctic plateaus. Unlike Alert, NU at slightly higher latitude and positive high averages during summer, in Siple Dome temperatures remain below freezing during the afternoon of the warmer months on average.{{Cite web|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/present.htm|title=World Maps of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|website=koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at|language=en|access-date=2019-07-24}}{{Weather box
| width = 77%
| collapsed =
| open =
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| location = Siple dome, elevation: {{convert|620|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1997-2011 normals and extremes
| Jan mean C =-9.8
| Feb mean C =-15.7
| Mar mean C =-22.5
| Apr mean C =-26.6
| May mean C =-29.0
| Jun mean C =-27.6
| Jul mean C =-30.3
| Aug mean C =-32.9
| Sep mean C =-29.8
| Oct mean C =-23.6
| Nov mean C =-15.1
| Dec mean C =-9.8
| Jan high C =-5.5
| Feb high C =-11.3
| Mar high C =-18.0
| Apr high C =-22.5
| May high C =-24.7
| Jun high C =-23.5
| Jul high C =-26.1
| Aug high C =-28.9
| Sep high C =-25.0
| Oct high C =-18.1
| Nov high C =-10.2
| Dec high C =-5.3
| Jan record high C =11.4
| Feb record high C =7.1
| Mar record high C =-4.6
| Apr record high C =-4.6
| May record high C =-4.9
| Jun record high C =-5.9
| Jul record high C =-8.6
| Aug record high C =-8.8
| Sep record high C =-5.6
| Oct record high C =0.0
| Nov record high C =3.1
| Dec record high C =7.4
| Jan low C =-13.3
| Feb low C =-19.3
| Mar low C =-26.4
| Apr low C =-30.6
| May low C =-33.3
| Jun low C =-31.7
| Jul low C =-34.4
| Aug low C =-37.1
| Sep low C =-33.9
| Oct low C =-27.9
| Nov low C =-18.7
| Dec low C =-13.3
| Jan record low C =-22.9
| Feb record low C =-33.9
| Mar record low C =-41.8
| Apr record low C =-49.9
| May record low C =-49.6
| Jun record low C =-56.6
| Jul record low C =-54.6
| Aug record low C =-59.4
| Sep record low C =-53.9
| Oct record low C =-44.8
| Nov record low C =-37.9
| Dec record low C =-21.9
| source = Climatebase.ru{{cite web
| url = http://climatebase.ru/station/89345?lang=en
| title = Siple dome, Antarctica #89345
| accessdate = July 24, 2019
| publisher = Climatebase.ru}}
}}
See also
{{Infobox airport
| name = Siple Dome Skiway
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| image = Antarctica Siple Dome Field Camp 2.jpg
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| caption = Siple Dome Field Camp
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| type = government
| owner-oper = US Antarctic Program
| owner =
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| city-served =
| location = Marie Byrd Land
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| elevation-f = 1,994
| elevation-m = 607
| metric-elev =
| coordinates = {{coord|81.658053|S|148.997391|W|format=dms|region:AQ|display=inline}}
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| pushpin_map = Antarctica
| pushpin_mapsize = 270
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airfield in Antarctica
| pushpin_relief =
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| r1-number =
| r1-length-f = 10,940
| r1-length-m = 3,330
| r1-surface = Ice
| r2-number =
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Further reading
- Jinho Ahn, Edward J. Brook, [https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms4723 Siple Dome ice reveals two modes of millennial CO2 change during the last ice age]
- Pavel G. Talalay, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HhTNCwAAQBAJ&q=Siple+Dome3&pg=PA201 Mechanical Ice Drilling Technology], PP 201– 202
References
{{Reflist}}
{{usgs-gazetteer|id=17479}}
File:Antarctica Siple Dome Field Camp 6.jpg.]]
{{Portal bar|Geography}}
{{Antarctica}}
{{Antarctic fields camp}}
{{Airports in Antarctica}}