Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
{{short description|Separatist insurgency in Iran}}
{{Cleanup|reason=infobox has a bunch of random leaders that are not worth mentioning|date=April 2024}}
{{Prose|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency
| width =
| partof = the larger Insurgency in Balochistan
| image = IranSistanBaluchistan-SVG.svg
| date = 2004 – present
| place = Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| territory =
| result = Ongoing
| status = Ongoing
| combatants_header = Belligerents
| combatant1 = {{flag|Iran}}
| combatant2 = {{Tree list}}
- Current:
- {{flagicon image|Flag of Jaish al-Adl.svg}} Jaish ul-Adl (2013–present)
- {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Ansar Al-Furqan (2013–present)
- {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} BLA
- {{flagicon image|Majeed brigade logo.svg}} Majeed Brigade
- {{flagicon image|Balochistan flag.svg}} BLF
{{Tree list/end}}
{{Tree list}}
- Former:
- Jundallah (2004–2011)
- Harakat Ansar (2012–2013)
{{Tree list/end}}
| commander1 = {{plain list|
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ali Khamenei
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ali Shamkhani (2004–2005)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar (2005–2013)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ahmad Vahidi (2013–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Hossein Dehghan (2013–2017)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Amir Hatami (2017–2021)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad-Reza Gharaei Ashtiani (2021–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Abdolvahed Mousavi Lari (2004–2005)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mostafa Pourmohammadi (2005–2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Seyyed Mehdi Hashemi (15 May 2008–5 August 2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ali Kordan (12 August 2008–4 November 2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Kamran Daneshjoo (4 November 2008–24 December 2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Sadegh Mahsouli (2008–2009)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Hassan Firouzabadi (2004–2016)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli (2013–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Hassan Firouzabadi (2004–2016)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Bagheri (2016–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Salimi (2004–2005)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ataollah Salehi (2005–2017)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Abdolrahim Mousavi (2017–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Nasser Mohammadifar (2004–2005)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad-Hossein Dadras (2005–2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ahmad Reza Pourdastan (2008–2016)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Kioumars Heydari (2016–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Yahya Rahim Safavi (2004–2007)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Ali Jafari (2004–2019)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Hossein Salami (2019–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ahmad Kazemi (2005–2006)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Reza Zahedi (2006–2008)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Jafar Asadi (2008–20)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Mohammad Pakpour (2009–present)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Nur-Ali Shushtari (2004–2009){{KIA}}
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Esmail Ahmadi Moghaddam (2004–2016)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Hossein Ashtari (2016–2023)
- {{flagicon|Iran}} Ahmad-Reza Radan (2023–present)
}}
| commander2 = {{plain list|
- Abdolmalek Rigi (2004–2009){{executed}}
- Abdolhamid Rigi (2009–2010){{executed}}
- Muhammad Dhahir Baluch (2010–present)
- Salahuddin Farooqui (2011–2024){{KIA}}
- Mohammad Shafi (2012–2013){{KIA}}
- Abu Hafs al Baloochi (2013–2015){{KIA}}
- Jalil Qanbarzehi (2015–2017){{KIA}}
- Mullah Akram Naroi{{KIA}}
}}
| units1 = * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army.svg}} Army (since 1979)
- {{flagicon image|Flag of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution.svg}} IRGC (since 1980)
- {{flagicon image|Marzbani.svg|size=23px|border=}} Border Guard (since 2000)
- {{flagicon image|Flag of the Ministry of Intelligence (Iran).svg}} Ministry of Intelligence
| units2 = Jaish al-Adl Forces
{{flagicon image|Majeed brigade logo.svg}} Majeed Brigade
Fateh Squad
| units3 =
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Jaish al-Adl.svg}} Jaish ul-Adl: 500-600{{cite web |title=Jaish al-Adl: Terror outfit behind Kulbhushan Jadhav kidnapping now targeted by Iran |date=17 January 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/iran-strikes-pakistan-terrorist-group-jaish-al-adl-balochistan-kulbhushan-jadhav-kidnapping-iranian-2489852-2024-01-17 |publisher=India Today |access-date=17 January 2024}}
Jundallah: 500-2,000 (until 2011)
| strength3 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaignbox Iran–Jundallah conflict}}
| caption = Map of Iran with Sistan and Baluchestan province highlighted
| casualties1 = 164 killed (security forces and civilians){{cite news|title=Jundallah: Iran's Sunni rebels|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2010/06/201062074140996374.html|date=20 June 2010}}
| casualties2 = Unknown
}}
The Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency is an ongoing low-intensity{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M3kpYbCcGMEC&pg=PA158|title=Gender in Contemporary Iran: Pushing the Boundaries |author1=Roksana Bahramitash|author-link1=Roksana Bahramitash|author2=Eric Hooglund|author-link2=Eric Hooglund|date=March 2011|publisher=Taylor & Francis|page=158|isbn=9781136824265 }} asymmetric conflict{{citation|author=Poyraz Serdar|url=http://www.setadc.org/pdfs/SETA_Policy_Brief_No_37_Turkish_Iranian_Relations_Serdar_Poyraz.pdf|title=Turkish-Iranian Relations: A Wider Perspective|work=SETA FOUNDATION FOR POLITICAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH|date=November 2009|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518113832/http://www.setadc.org/pdfs/SETA_Policy_Brief_No_37_Turkish_Iranian_Relations_Serdar_Poyraz.pdf|archive-date=18 May 2015}} in Sistan and Baluchestan Province between Iran and several Baloch Sunni militant organizations{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125591291724293363|title=Volatile Sistan-Baluchistan Region Is Base for Insurgents|work=Wall Street Journal|date=19 October 2009|author=Chip Cummins|url-access=subscription |access-date=11 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427193215/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125591291724293363|archive-date=27 April 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} designated as terrorist organizations by the Iranian government.{{cite news|url=http://en.radiozamaneh.com/news/irgc-wipes-out-terrorist-cell-in-sistan-baluchistan/|title=IRGC wipes out terrorist cell in Sistan-Baluchistan|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=6 April 2015|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084922/http://en.radiozamaneh.com/news/irgc-wipes-out-terrorist-cell-in-sistan-baluchistan/|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} It began in 2004 and is part of the wider Balochistan conflict.{{citation |author=Zia Ur Rehman |title=The Baluch insurgency: linking Iran to Pakistan |date=May 2014 |url=http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/31c68a20991b5a98b0dece4fd929c9c8.pdf |work=The Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506160214/http://www.peacebuilding.no/var/ezflow_site/storage/original/application/31c68a20991b5a98b0dece4fd929c9c8.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 May 2016 |author-link=Zia Ur Rehman}}
Background
=Motivations of the insurgent groups=
Analysts believe that the aim of insurgents may differ from separatism to religious motivations, but they are not entirely clear. The leaders of the groups have maintained different positions: from Baloch nationalism to Salafi jihadism.
=Belligerents=
==Iran==
- Islamic Republic of Iran Army and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, responsible for both military and security actions{{cite news|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/KJ22Ak03.html|title=Iran trapped in a ring of unrest|work=Asia Times|date=22 October 2009|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160302180422/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/KJ22Ak03.html|archive-date=2 March 2016|url-status=unfit|df=dmy-all}}
- Ministry of Intelligence, doing intelligence operations{{cite news|url=http://archive.radiozamaneh.com/english/content/heavily-armed-%E2%80%9Cterrorist%E2%80%9D-team-arrested-sistan-baluchistan|title=Heavily armed "terrorist" team arrested in Sistan-Baluchistan|publisher=Radio Zamaneh|date=15 February 2015|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065257/http://archive.radiozamaneh.com/english/content/heavily-armed-%E2%80%9Cterrorist%E2%80%9D-team-arrested-sistan-baluchistan|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}
- Border Guard Command, engaging border conflicts with insurgent groups{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10729946/Iran-calls-for-return-of-abducted-border-guards-held-in-Pakistan.html|title=Iran calls for return of abducted border guards held in Pakistan|work=The Telegraph|date=28 March 2014|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307232820/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10729946/Iran-calls-for-return-of-abducted-border-guards-held-in-Pakistan.html|archive-date=7 March 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}
==Baloch rebels==
- Jundallah: founded in 2002, was active since 2005, carrying out armed assaults against Iranian armed forces as well as civilians. Since arrest and execution of its leader Abdolmalek Rigi in 2010, they were responsible for a few bombings in 2011 under command of Muhammad Dhahir Baluch.
- Jaish ul-Adl: founded in 2012 by former Jundallah members, there is very little known about the group. They are led by Salahuddin Farooqui who has opposed Iranian support for Syria in the Syrian Civil War. They have claimed responsibility for dozens of operations since 2013.{{cite web|url=http://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/jaish-al-adl-army-justice|title=Jaish al-Adl (Army of Justice)|publisher=Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium|access-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416040154/http://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/jaish-al-adl-army-justice|archive-date=2015-04-16|url-status=live}} Iran and Pakistan have begun joint-operations against it since 2024.{{cite web |title=Joint Statement Third Quadrilateral Meeting of Foreign Ministers of China, Iran, Pakistan, and Russia |url=https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/wjbzhd/202409/t20240930_11501285.html |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China |access-date=27 September 2024}}
- Ansar Al-Furqan: founded by December 2013 merger of Harakat Ansar and Pashton group Hizb Al-Furqan. They are linked to Al-Nusra Front and are led by Sheikh Abu-Hafs al-Baloochi.{{cite web|url=http://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/ansar-al-furqan|title=Ansar Al Furqan|publisher=Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium|access-date=2015-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419203159/http://www.trackingterrorism.org/group/ansar-al-furqan|archive-date=2015-04-19|url-status=live}}
- Baloch Liberation Army: founded in 2000, was active since 2005, carrying out armed assaults against Pakistani armed forces, Paramilitary Frontier Corpsmen, as well as civilians from Iranian and as well as Afghan soil. It was banned by the Iranian government in 2024 and since then has had both Iranian, and joint operations by Iran and Pakistan conducted against it.{{Cite news |last=Siddique |first=Abubakar |date=2024-12-03 |title=After Decades Of Mistrust, Iran And Pakistan Join Forces Against Militancy |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/pakistan-iran-baluch-bla-balochistan-sistan/33216802.html |access-date=2025-05-30 |work=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |language=en}}
- Baloch Liberation Front: founded originally in 1964 in Damascus by Jumma Khan Marri , it re-emerged in 2004 after Allah Nazar Baloch took command of the group in 2003.{{Cite web |title=Balochistan Liberation Front {{!}} Mapping Militant Organizations |url=https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/457 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=web.stanford.edu}}{{Cite web |title=Baluchistan Liberation Front (BLF) |url=https://www.dopel.org/BalochistanLiberationFront.htm |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240722233151/https://www.dopel.org/BalochistanLiberationFront.htm |archive-date=2024-07-22 |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.dopel.org}} It fought against both Iran and Pakistan in the 1963-1977 Insurgency. It has conducted attacks on Pakistani Security Forces such as the Army, the paramilitary Frontier Corps and on civilians, from its camps is Iran and Afghanistan.{{Cite book |last=Phadnis |first=Urmila |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLSICwAAQBAJ |title=Ethnicity and Nation-building in South Asia |last2=Ganguly |first2=Rajat |date=2001-01-22 |publisher=SAGE Publications |isbn=978-81-321-1994-4 |language=en}}{{Cite news |title=In Balochistan, Violence Continues to Target Journalists |url=https://pressroom.rferl.org/a/balochistan-journalists/26629476.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240301000428/https://pressroom.rferl.org/a/balochistan-journalists/26629476.html |archive-date=2024-03-01 |access-date=2025-05-30 |work=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty |language=en}} It was banned by the Iranian government in 2024 and a crackdown has occurred against it in both countries.
Timeline
=2005=
- December- A bomb exploded near a car carrying then president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad during an ambush in the province, resulting in the death of one of his bodyguards and another individual.
=2007=
- 14 February – A car bomb detonated in front of a bus transporting members of Iran's revolutionary guard corps in Zehedan reportedly resulting in the death of 11 and injury of 34 others.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/15/world/middleeast/15tehran.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&mtrref=en.wikipedia.org&gwh=A927F7CFB9EE59E870D07C6BD8C55326&gwt=pay&assetType=REGIWALL|title = Car Bomb in Iran Destroys a Bus Carrying Revolutionary Guards|newspaper = The New York Times|last1 = Fathi|first1 = Nazila}}
=2019=
- 29 January – A double-bombing lightly wounded three police officers in Zahedan, the capital of Sistan and Balochistan province. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility.{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-security-blast/sound-bombs-explode-in-southeast-iran-police-officers-wounded-idUSKCN1PN2HR|title=Two bombs explode in southeast Iran, police officers wounded|website=Reuters|date=29 January 2019|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903022733/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-security-blast/sound-bombs-explode-in-southeast-iran-police-officers-wounded-idUSKCN1PN2HR|url-status=live}}
- 2 February – An IRGC soldier was killed and five others wounded in an insurgent attack on a Basij base in Nik Shahr city. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for the attack.{{cite web|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/02/02/iran-irgc-killed-nikshahr-sistan-baluchistan/|title=IRGC member killed in attack on Basij base in southeast Iran|website=The Defense Post|date=2 February 2019|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=23 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323172258/https://thedefensepost.com/2019/02/02/iran-irgc-killed-nikshahr-sistan-baluchistan/|url-status=live}} According to Arab news, the attack was carried out by two people who climbed the walls of the Basij paramilitary base and started shooting.{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1445721/middle-east|title=One killed, five wounded in attack in southeast Iran: state TV|date=February 2, 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=December 13, 2019|archive-date=February 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204171659/http://www.arabnews.com/node/1445721/middle-east|url-status=live}}
- 13 February – A suicide car bomb attack targeting a bus carrying IRGC personnel on the Khash-Zahedan road killed at least 27 soldiers and wounded 13 more. Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for the attack.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47231959|title=Iran suicide bombing 'kills 27 Revolutionary Guards'|website=BBC|date=13 February 2019|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=14 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214061531/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-47231959|url-status=live}} According to Haaretz, the head of IRGC Maj. Mohammad Ali Jafari stated, without providing proof, that Israel gave the Emirates and Saudi Arabia the go ahead to conduct the attack.{{Cite news |url= https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/iran/iran-mourns-27-revolutionary-guard-soldiers-killed-in-suicide-bombing-1.6939038 |title= Iran Mourns 27 Revolutionary Guard Soldiers Killed in Suicide Bombing. |newspaper= Haaretz |access-date= 2019-12-13 |archive-date= 2019-12-13 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191213201601/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/iran/iran-mourns-27-revolutionary-guard-soldiers-killed-in-suicide-bombing-1.6939038 |url-status= live }}
- 21 March – Pakistan announced that it had rescued four Iranian soldiers kidnapped by the Jaysh al-Adl group last year. It did not announce any other details. Jaysh al-Adl had kidnapped 12 Iranian soldiers in October and later released five. Following the announcement, there were still three Iranian soldiers held by the group.{{cite web|url=https://thedefensepost.com/2019/03/21/pakistan-rescues-iran-soldiers-jaish-al-adl-balochistan/|title=Pakistan rescues 4 Iranian border guards from Jaish al-Adl in Balochistan|website=The Defense Post|date=21 March 2019|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=6 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106100616/https://thedefensepost.com/2019/03/21/pakistan-rescues-iran-soldiers-jaish-al-adl-balochistan/|url-status=live}}
- 20 July – Two members of the IRGC were killed and another two wounded late at night during a confrontation with gunmen near the border with Pakistan.{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/07/21/Gunmen-kill-2-Guard-members-in-southeastern-Iran.html|title=Gunmen kill two Revolutionary Guard members in southeastern Iran|website=Al Arabiya|date=21 July 2019|access-date=28 July 2019|archive-date=24 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724102227/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/07/21/Gunmen-kill-2-Guard-members-in-southeastern-Iran.html|url-status=live}} The confrontation occurred in Keshtegan area of Saravan County, province of Sistan and Baluchestan.{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/middleeast/middleeast-top-stories/terrorists-kill-2-irgc-members-near-pakistan-border/ar-AAEEbpc?li=BBJGzsi&srcref=rss&post_id=noID|title=Terrorists kill 2 IRGC members near Pakistan border.|website=MSN }}
=2020=
- 30 June – Jaysh al-Adl claimed responsibility for a roadside IED blast that injured an IRGC commander on a road in Sistan and Balochistan Province.{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/roadside-bomb-targets-revolutionary-guards-in-southeast-iran-633300|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=30 June 2020|access-date=30 June 2020|title=Roadside bomb targets Revolutionary Guards in southeast Iran|archive-date=30 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630112642/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/roadside-bomb-targets-revolutionary-guards-in-southeast-iran-633300|url-status=live}}
- 5 August – Four police officers were injured when a sound bomb exploded next to their vehicle in Zahedan, capital of Sistan and Balochistan Province, Iran.{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/08/05/Explosion-in-southeast-Iran-injures-four-policemen.html|website=Al Arabiya|date=5 August 2020|access-date=5 August 2020|title=Explosion in southeast Iran injures four policemen|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808175001/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/08/05/Explosion-in-southeast-Iran-injures-four-policemen.html|url-status=live}}
- 29 September – Three Basij members were killed and another was wounded in a drive-by shooting in Nik Shahr county, Sistan-Baluchistan Province.{{cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/09/29/Three-members-of-Iran-s-Revolutionary-Guards-killed-in-drive-by-attack-in-southeast|website=Al Arabiya|date=29 September 2020|access-date=29 September 2020|title=Three members of Iran's Revolutionary Guards killed in drive-by attack in southeast|archive-date=1 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001231502/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/09/29/Three-members-of-Iran-s-Revolutionary-Guards-killed-in-drive-by-attack-in-southeast|url-status=live}}
=2022=
- 1 January – The IRGC said in a statement that during clashes with a group of "armed terrorists" in the Kurin region of Sistan and Baluchestan province, three Basij members were killed in addition to six "terrorists".{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=Clash in southeast of Iran kills three IRGC members, six 'armed criminals'|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/01/01/Clash-in-southeast-of-Iran-kills-three-IRGC-members-six-armed-criminals-|access-date=2022-01-01|website=Al Arabiya English|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101171218/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2022/01/01/Clash-in-southeast-of-Iran-kills-three-IRGC-members-six-armed-criminals-|url-status=live}}{{Cite web|date=2022-01-01|title=Six armed terrorists killed in southeastern Iran|url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84598686/Six-armed-terrorists-killed-in-southeastern-Iran|access-date=2022-01-01|website=IRNA English|language=en|archive-date=2022-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101212600/https://en.irna.ir/news/84598686/Six-armed-terrorists-killed-in-southeastern-Iran|url-status=live}}
- 23 April – The IRGC's Qods sector headquarters announced the killing of a bodyguard of the commander of the 110th Salman Farsi Special Operations Brigade following an ambush at a military checkpoint near Zahedan.{{Cite web |date=23 April 2022 |title=Bodyguard Martyred After Terrorists Attack IRGC General's Car in SE Iran |url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/04/23/2699911/bodyguard-martyred-after-terrorists-attack-irgc-general-s-car-in-se-iran |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Tasnim News Agency |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518145238/https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/04/23/2699911/bodyguard-martyred-after-terrorists-attack-irgc-general-s-car-in-se-iran |url-status=live }}
- November: Four killed, Three injured.{{refneeded|date=January 2024}}
- December: Two checkpoint soldiers killed{{refneeded|date=January 2024}}
=2023=
- January
- One IRGC killed one occasion, Two more on another attack on police office.{{clarificationneeded|date=January 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.farsnews.ir/news/14020211000284/موضع-عبدالحمید-و-پر-کردن-خشاب-تروریستها-برای-حمله-به-پلیس-آمار-بالای|title=خبرگزاری فارس – موضع عبدالحمید و پر کردن خشاب تروریستها برای حمله به پلیس/ آمار بالای شهادت نیروهای مدافع امنیت در سیستان و بلوچستان|date=May 3, 2023|website=خبرگزاری فارس}}
- March
- One ranking intelligence agent killed in hostage taking{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/iran-65590007|title=«خاتمه» گروگانگیری در شرق ایران؛ مقام ارشد اطلاعاتی پلیس در عملیات «آزادسازی» کشته شد|newspaper=BBC News فارسی }}
- Patrol attacked undisclosed kills{{clarificationneeded|date=January 2024}}
- One Saravan border soldier killed. Government was warned of trouble if water is not supplied{{clarificationneeded|date=January 2024}}.{{cite web | url=https://www.irna.ir/news/85123569/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%88-%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%AD%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C | title=عضو کمیسیون امنیت ملی مجلس:حقابه ایران از هیرمند با دیپلماسی قابل حل است | date=27 May 2023 }}{{Cite web|url=https://farsi.alarabiya.net/afghanistan/2023/05/27/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B4-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D8%AD%D9%82-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%87%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF|title=ادامه تنش میان ایران و طالبان درباره حقآبه هیرمند|date=May 27, 2023|website=العربیه فارسی}}
- Commander in investigation command law enforcement command killed{{clarificationneeded|date=January 2024}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.kurdistan24.net/fa/story/209207-%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3-%D8%A2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87-%D8%B4%D8%AF|title=رئیس پلیس آگاهی سراوان در یک حملهی مسلحانه کشته شد}}
- June
- Five soldiers killed in border {{Cite web|url=https://www.iranintl.com/202305211028|title=کشته شدن پنج مرزبان ایرانی در حمله افراد مسلح در مرز با پاکستان|date=July 24, 2023|website=ایران اینترنشنال}}
- July
- Four police killed on ambush.{{Cite web|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/amp/News/middle-east/2023/07/23/At-least-four-people-have-died-in-a-terrorist-attack-in-Iran|title=At least four people have died in a terrorist attack in Iran|date=23 July 2023|website=Al Arabiya}}
- Four attackers and two police officers killed while attacking police station.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202307082943|title=Gunmen Attack And Enter Police Station In Iran's Sunni City|website=Iran International|date=8 July 2023 }}
=2024=
- January
- Iran's security forces attacked the militants' hideout, killing 9 suspected fighters, including Mullah Akram Naroi who had reportedly been involved in an earlier attack on Rask police station.{{Cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/493467/Iranian-security-forces-eliminate-terrorist-element-in-southeast |title=Iranian security forces eliminate terrorist element in southeast Iran |website=tehrantimes.com |date=2024-01-08 |access-date=2024-01-12}}
- Iran carries out a missile and drone strike against militant groups in Pakistan.{{cite web | last1=Adams | first1=Paul | last2=Davies | first2=Caroline | title=Iran admits carrying out deadly strike on Pakistan territory | website=BBC Home | date=2024-01-16 | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67999465 | access-date=2024-01-18}} Pakistan retaliates with strikes against militants in Iranian territory.{{cite web | last=Masood | first=Salman | title=Pakistan Retaliates With Strikes Inside Iran as Tensions Spill Over | website=The New York Times | date=2024-01-18 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/world/asia/pakistan-iran-strike.html | access-date=2024-01-18}}
- April
- On 3 April, Militants allegedly belonging to Jaish ul-Adl attacked the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps headquarters in Rask and Chabahar counties, part of southern Sistan province. The militants killed 11 security personnel.{{Cite web |last1=Tollast |first1=Robert |last2=Helm |first2=Thomas |date=2024-04-04 |title=Iran hit with attacks ahead of funerals for commanders killed by Israeli strike in Syria |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2024/04/04/attacks-hit-police-and-army-bases-in-southeast-iran-killing-at-least-three/ |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=The National |language=en}}
- November
- On November 6, twelve Jaish ul-Adl militants were killed, including the group's leader Salahuddin Farooqui, in a joint operation by Iran and Pakistan.{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Terror group says 12 members killed in joint Iran-Pakistan operation |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/505983/Terror-group-says-12-members-killed-in-joint-Iran-Pakistan-operation |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Tehran Times |language=en}} By November 24, the Iranian military reported 76 suspected militants killed. https://tehrantimes.com/news/506649/76-terrorists-neutralized-since-start-of-ongoing-IRGC-drill-in
Foreign involvement
=Role of Pakistan=
Pakistan is Iran's neighbour, sharing the borders of its Balochistan with Sistan and Baluchestan. Pakistan's Balochistan province is also suffering from low-level insurgency waged by terrorist and separatist militants against the government of Pakistan. These Pakistani Baloch terrorist and separatist militant groups are allied with Iranian Baloch groups. Iran and Pakistan historically have a strategic alliance fighting these groups. In February 2014 the two states signed a pact sharing responsibility for combating militants operating across the border. According to a former U.S. intelligence officer, Jundallah leader Abdolmalek Rigi was captured by Pakistani officials and delivered to Iran with U.S. support: "It doesn't matter what they say. They know the truth."
=Allegations of foreign involvement=
{{see also|Jundallah (Iran)#International sponsorship}}
Iran has long accused foreign states supporting insurgency in Sistan and Baluchestan. Several sources such as the ABC News, The New York Times, Daily Telegraph and Seymour Hersh have reported that Jundallah has received support from the United States.{{cite news|author1=William Lowther|author2=Colin Freeman|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1543798/US-funds-terror-groups-to-sow-chaos-in-Iran.html|title=US funds terror groups to sow chaos in Iran|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=25 February 2007|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401144402/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1543798/US-funds-terror-groups-to-sow-chaos-in-Iran.html|archive-date=1 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}{{cite news|author=Tim Shipman|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1552784/Bush-sanctions-black-ops-against-Iran.html|title=Bush sanctions 'black ops' against Iran|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=27 May 2007|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427044617/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1552784/Bush-sanctions-black-ops-against-Iran.html|archive-date=27 April 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|author1=Brian Ross|author-link1=Brian Ross (journalist)|author2=Christopher Isham|url=http://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/04/abc_news_exclus.html|title=ABC News Exclusive: The Secret War Against Iran – The Blotter|publisher=ABC News|date=9 April 2007|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016115420/https://blogs.abcnews.com/theblotter/2007/04/abc_news_exclus.html|archive-date=16 October 2017}}{{cite web|author=Seymour M. Hersh|author-link=Seymour Hersh|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/07/07/preparing-the-battlefield|title=Preparing the Battlefield|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=7 July 2008|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204100937/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/07/07/preparing-the-battlefield|archive-date=4 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}{{cite web|author1=James Risen|author-link1=James Risen|author2=Matt Apuzzo|author-link2=Matt Apuzzo|title=Port Authority Officer Kept Sources With Ties to Iran Attacks|newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 Nov 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/world/despite-cia-fears-thomas-mchale-port-authority-officer-kept-sources-with-ties-to-iran-attacks.html|access-date=3 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013438/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/world/despite-cia-fears-thomas-mchale-port-authority-officer-kept-sources-with-ties-to-iran-attacks.html|archive-date=14 September 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Israel, Saudi Arabia,{{cite magazine|author=Richard Zoglin|author-link1=Richard Zoglin|url=https://content.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965712,00.html|title=Did A Dead Man Tell No Tales?|magazine=TIME|date=12 October 1987|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216073623/http://content.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,965712,00.html|archive-date=16 February 2016|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} United Kingdom{{cite news|author=Jane Corbin|author-link=Jane Corbin|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_8083000/8083759.stm|title=Obama and the Ayatollah|publisher=BBC|date=5 June 2009|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526042327/http://news.bbc.co.uk/panorama/hi/front_page/newsid_8083000/8083759.stm|archive-date=26 May 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} and Sweden{{cite web|url=http://www.hd.net/transcript.html?air_master_id=A5649|title=HDNet Original Programming – Transcripts|publisher=Hd.net}}{{dead link|date=May 2018|fix-attempted=yes}} are other states allegedly sponsoring the group.
Claims of Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) support were debunked by a subsequent investigation showing that the CIA "had barred even the most incidental contact with Jundallah." The rumors originated in an Israeli Mossad "false flag" operation; Mossad agents posing as CIA officers met with and recruited members of Jundullah in cities such as London to carry out attacks against Iran. President George W. Bush "went absolutely ballistic" when he learned of Israel's actions, but the situation was not resolved until President Barack Obama's administration "drastically scaled back joint U.S.-Israel intelligence programs targeting Iran" and ultimately designated Jundallah a terrorist organization in November 2010.{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/13/false_flag|title=False Flag|author-link=Mark Perry (author)|author=Mark Perry|work=Foreign Policy|date=13 January 2012|access-date=11 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023122109/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/13/false_flag|archive-date=23 October 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Although the CIA cut all ties with Jundallah after the 2007 Zahedan bombings, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and United States Department of Defense continued to gather intelligence on Jundallah through assets cultivated by "FBI counterterrorism task force officer" Thomas McHale; the CIA co-authorized a 2008 trip McHale made to meet his informants in Afghanistan. According to The New York Times: "Current and former officials say the American government never directed or approved any Jundallah operations. And they say there was never a case when the United States was told the timing and target of a terrorist attack yet took no action to prevent it." Mashregh News, which has close ties to the IRGC, has accused Qatar of supporting both Jaish ul-Adl and Harakat Ansar Iran, alongside Saudi Arabia.{{cite web|url=http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/187335/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DA%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA|title=نگرانی سلفی ها از مدل اهل سنت ایران؛ قطر در جنوب شرق ایران به دنبال چیست/ گروهک انصار ایران چگونه شکل گرفت؟|work=Mashregh News|language=fa|date=1 January 2012|access-date=19 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150415001820/http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/187335/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%DA%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA|archive-date=15 April 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}} Harakat Ansar Iran has made an appeal on Saudi Arabian websites for funding.{{cite news|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/pakistani-jihadis-abduct-iranian-soldiers|title=Pakistani Jihadis Abduct Iranian Soldiers|website=The Daily Beast|date=13 February 2014|access-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012040139/https://www.thedailybeast.com/pakistani-jihadis-abduct-iranian-soldiers|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all|last1=Dettmer|first1=Jamie}}
References
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{Portal bar|Iran}}
{{Ongoing military conflicts}}
{{Baloch nationalism}}