Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan

{{Infobox political party

| name = Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan

| native_name = {{nowrap|{{lang|ky|Кыргызстан социал-дeмoкратиялык партиясы}}}}

| abbr = SDPK

| colorcode = {{Party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}

| logo = SDPK.svg

| logo_size = 150px

| chairman = Disputed between Sagynbek Abdrahmanov and Anvar Artykov (last)

| founders = Almazbek Atambayev
Jumabek Ibraimov
Abdoujapar Tagaev
{{Ill|Abdygany Erkebayev|ru|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}}
{{Ill|Anatoly Maryshev|ru|Марышев, Анатолий Никитович}}
Ishenbai Kadyrbekov

| foundation = {{start date|1993|9|25|df=y}}

| ideology = Social democracy
Democratic socialism
Russophilia{{Cite web |title=Pro-Russian party tops Kyrgyz parliamentary polls |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/4/pro-russian-party-tops-kyrgyz-parliamentary-polls |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}

| position = {{ubl|class=nowrap|

|Centre-left{{cite web |title=Kyrgyzstan set for crucial vote |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2010/10/10/kyrgyzstan-set-for-crucial-vote |website=Al Jazeera |accessdate=6 October 2020 |date=10 October 2010}}

|Factions:

|Centre{{cite web |last1=Quinn-Judge |first1=Katharine |last2=Stronski |first2=Paul |title=Kyrgyzstan at Twenty-Five: Treading Water |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2016/08/kyrgyzstan-at-twenty-five-treading-water?lang=en |website=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |access-date=6 October 2020 |date=21 July 2016}}}}

| youth_wing = SDPK Youth Wing{{Cite web |date=2017-07-11 |title=Молодежное крыло СДПК предложило выбрать кандидата в президенты на праймеризе |url=https://rus.azattyk.org/a/28609945.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Радио Азаттык (Кыргызская служба Радио Свободная Европа/Радио Свобода) |language=ru}}

| continental = Forum of Socialists of the CIS Countries

| headquarters = Shabdan Baatyr st. 4b, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

| successor = Birimdik {{small|(Jeenbekov wing)}}
SDK {{small|(Atambayev wing)}}

| international = Socialist International

| website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20190201020634/https://sdpk.kg/ sdpk.kg] (archived)

| country = Kyrgyzstan

| registered = {{start date|1994|12|16|df=y}}

| colours = {{color box|{{Party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}|border=darkgray}} {{color box|#FFFFFF|border=darkgray}} Blue and white

| dissolved = 2019–2020

| membership_year = 2019

| membership = 40,000 (own claim)

| flag = Flag of the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan.png

| flag_title = Flag (until the end of 2000s)

| slogan = "Reliable support"
{{small|({{langx|ky|Ишенимдүү тирегиң|Ishenimdüü tireging}})}}}}

The Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK){{efn|{{Langx|ky|Кыргызстан социал-дeмoкратиялык партиясы (КСДП)|Kyrgyzstan social-demokratialyk partiasy (KSDP)}}; {{Langx|ru|Социал-демократическая партия Кыргызстана (СДПК)|Sotsial-demokraticheskaya partiya Kyrgyzstana (SDPK)}}}} was a centre-left political party in Kyrgyzstan. The SDPK was one of the oldest and largest political parties in the country. The party took an active part in the Tulip Revolution and the 2010 Revolution. The party's members included three presidents of Kyrgyzstan: Roza Otunbayeva, Almazbek Atambayev and Sooronbay Jeenbekov.

As a result of the 2019–2020 split, the party ceased to exist. The successors of the party were Birimdik (pro-Jeenbekov wing) and the Social Democrats of Kyrgyzstan (pro-Atambayev wing). The latter declare their commitment to the ideas and principles of the SDPK party.{{Cite web |last=Розиев |first=Ислам |date=2021-02-12 |title=Лидер партии «Социал-Демократов» Сеид Атамбаев сложил свои полномочия. На его место пришёл Темирлан Султанбеков |url=https://kloop.kg/blog/2021/02/12/lider-partii-sotsial-demokratov-seid-atambaev-slozhil-svoi-polnomochiya-na-ego-mesto-prishyol-temirlan-sultanbekov/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=KLOOP.KG - Новости Кыргызстана |language=ru-RU}}

History

= Party in the 1990s–2000s =

The Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan was formed at a congress on 25 September 1993, and was one of the first parties established in independent Kyrgyzstan.{{Cite web |date=2018-09-25 |title=Атамбаев: Те, кого СДПК выдвигала на высокие посты, дискредитируют партию |url=https://kaktus.media/doc/380188_atambaev:_te_kogo_sdpk_vydvigala_na_vysokie_posty_diskreditiryut_partiu.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=kaktus.media |language=ru}} The main initiators of the SDPK establishment were the head of the scientific and production company "Forum" Almazbek Atambayev, the mayor of Bishkek Jumabek Ibraimov, the head of the Jalal-Abad Region Abdoujapar Tagaev, the head of the Osh Region {{Ill|Abdygany Erkebayev|ru|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}}, the general director of the design and technology institute "Kormmash" {{Ill|Anatoly Maryshev|ru|Марышев, Анатолий Никитович}} and the head of the government apparatus' department for youth policy Akylbek Japarov.{{Cite web |date=2019-04-18 |title=Кто придумал СДПК. Вспоминаем историю партии |url=https://kaktus.media/doc/381956_kto_pridymal_sdpk._vspominaem_istoriu_partii.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=kaktus.media |language=ru}}

The SDPK emerged as one of the alternatives to the Communist Party, which was rapidly losing popularity in the early 1990s. The party gained popularity on the slogans of social justice against the backdrop of privatization, economic stagnation and corruption scandals.

It is unclear who became the first chairman of the party. According to one of the most viable versions accepted by experts, the party was initially led by 5-7 co-chairmen, initially their coordinator was Jumabek Ibraimov, then Almazbek Atambayev. According to Ishenbai Kadyrbekov's version, he was initially the chairman of the SDPK, but as a result of an internal split, there was a change of leadership and Atambayev became the chairman.{{Cite web |last=Today |date=2019-04-18 |title=История СДПК. Кто был первым председателем СДПК? |url=https://www.today.kg/news/47024/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Today.KG |language=ru-RU}} The Atambayev-led SDPK was officially registered on 16 December 1994.{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Депутаты - СДПК |url=https://parlament.its-tech.org/parlament/persons?p=1 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=parlament.its-tech.org}}

On 29 July 1999, at a meeting of the SDPK political council, Atambayev handed over the post of party leader to the speaker of the lower house of the Jogorku Kenesh, {{Ill|Abdygany Erkebayev|ru|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}}.{{Cite web |last=peoples.ru |title=Биография Алмаз Атамбаев |url=https://www.peoples.ru/state/politics/almaz_atambaev/ |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=www.peoples.ru |language=ru}}{{Cite web |last=oldadmin |date=2011-12-05 |title=У Алмазбека Атамбаева детей больше, чем у двух предыдущих президентов! - Вести.kg - Новости Кыргызстана |url=https://vesti.kg/politika/item/9067-u-almazbeka-atambaeva-detey-bolshe-chem-u-dvuh-predyiduschih-prezidentov.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=vesti.kg |language=ru-ru}}

On 20 May 2004, the Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan (SDPK) agreed to join the For Fair Elections electoral alliance. In October 2004, the El Party led by Melis Eshimkanov merged with the SDPK in preparation for the February 2005 parliamentary elections.

The SDPK actively participated in the Tulip Revolution of 2005 as part of the opposition to President Akayev.

In the 2007 parliamentary election, the leader on the SDPK list was Omurbek Babanov, but due to a scandal with his Kazakh citizenship, he was unable to receive a mandate and handed it over to Roza Otunbayeva. Following the election results, the SDPK became the largest opposition parliamentary party of the time. SDPK leaders Otunbayeva and Atambayev led the Second Kyrgyz Revolution in 2010. On 7 April 2010, Otunbayeva was proclaimed head of the transitional administration of Kyrgyzstan.{{Cite news |title=Opposition Forces In Kyrgyzstan Claim Power, Form Interim Government |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Opposition_Protesters_March_Across_Kyrgyzstan/2004868.html |access-date=2024-10-05 |work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}

= In government =

The SDPK received the votes of 8% of eligible voters in the 2010 parliamentary elections, giving it 26 of 120 seats in parliament. This result made the party the second of five parties to surpass the support threshold of 5% of eligible voters necessary to enter parliament. The party won a plurality 38 of 120 seats in the 2015 parliamentary elections. In 2017, its presidential candidate, Sooronbay Jeenbekov, won the presidential election with 54% of the vote.{{cite news |last1=Gizitdinov |first1=Nariman |date=15 October 2017 |title=Jeenbekov Wins Kyrgyzstan's Presidential Election |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-15/jeenbekov-on-course-to-win-kyrgyzstan-presidential-election |accessdate=13 January 2019 |work=Bloomberg}}

In June 2018, the party was admitted into the Socialist International as a full member.{{cite web |title=Socialist International - Progressive Politics For A Fairer World |url=http://socialistinternational.org/viewArticle.cfm?ArticleID=2555 |access-date=2018-07-17 |website=socialistinternational.org}}

= Split and collapse =

In March 2019, several party members aligned with former President Almazbek Atambayev and the government coalition over a widening rift with President Sooronbay Jeenbekov. Originally seen as Atambayev's hand-picked successor, Jeenbekov dismissed of most of the members associated with Atambayev's government when he was elected President and began investigations into possible corrupt practices by his predecessor.{{Cite web |last=Pannier |first=Bruce |date=2019-03-27 |title=The Split Of Kyrgyzstan's Ruling Party And Its Wider Implications |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-split-of-kyrgyzstan-s-ruling-party-and-its-wider-implications/29845525.html |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}} Several other members of the SDPK left following a 26 May session of the political council.{{Cite web |last=Pannier |first=Bruce |date=2020-05-29 |title=The Biggest Party In Kyrgyzstan Continues To Splinter Amid Infighting |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/the-biggest-party-in-kyrgyzstan-continues-to-splinter-amid-infighting/30641640.html |access-date=2020-08-22 |website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty |language=en}}

Ideology

In the party program of 1994, the main principles of activity were the principles of democratic socialism, the introduction of political, economic and social democracy in all spheres of society. The SDPK also named state regulation of market relations as the most important principle of its economic policy. In its program, the party proposed to continue lending to small businesses, ensure low interest rates on loans, continue the state's implementation of projects to develop entrepreneurship, ensure the creation of free economic zones, and increase responsibility for unjustified inspections of businesses by fiscal and law enforcement agencies. The SDPK program proposed to transform the country from an exporter to an importer of labor resources.{{Cite web |last=Ergashev |first=Bakhodyr |year=2009 |title=Социал-демократические партии стран Центральной Азии: декларации, специфика, перспективы |trans-title=Social Democratic Parties of Central Asian Countries: Declarations, Specifics, Prospects |url=https://ca-c.org.ru/journal/2009/journal_rus/cac-02/01.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005175920/https://ca-c.org.ru/journal/2009/journal_rus/cac-02/01.shtml |archive-date=2024-10-05 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website= |publisher=CA&C Press AB, Sweden |language=ru}}

Election results

= Presidential elections =

class=wikitable style=text-align:center
rowspan="2" \|Election ! rowspan="2" \|Candidate ! colspan="3" scope="col" \|First round ! colspan="2" \|Second round ! rowspan="2" \|Result
Votes !% !Rank !Votes !%
2000 \|{{no2\|Almazbek Atambayev}} \|117,658 \| {{Percentage bar\|6.15\|hex=186498}} \|3rd \| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"\| \| {{no\|Lost}}
2005 \|{{no2\|Almazbek Atambayev}} \| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="5"\| Withdrawn his candidacy \| {{no\|Lost}}
2009 \|{{no2\|Almazbek Atambayev}} \|195,291 \| {{Percentage bar\|8.50\|hex=186498}} \|2nd \| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"\| \| {{no\|Lost}}
2011 \|{{yes2\|Almazbek Atambayev}} \|1,161,929 \| {{Percentage bar\|63.83\|hex=186498}} \|1st \| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"\| \| {{yes2\|Won}}
2017 \|{{yes2\|Sooronbay Jeenbekov}} \|920,620 \| {{Percentage bar\|54.67\|hex=186498}} \|1st \| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"\| \| {{yes2\|Won}}

class=wikitable style=text-align:center

rowspan="2" |Election

! rowspan="2" |Candidate

! colspan="3" scope="col" |First round

! colspan="2" |Second round

! rowspan="2" |Result

Votes

!Rank

!Votes

2000

|{{no2|Almazbek Atambayev}}

|117,658

| {{Percentage bar|6.15|hex=186498}}

|3rd

| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"|

| {{no|Lost}}

2005

|{{no2|Almazbek Atambayev}}

| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="5"| Withdrawn his candidacy

| {{no|Lost}}

2009

|{{no2|Almazbek Atambayev}}

|195,291

| {{Percentage bar|8.50|hex=186498}}

|2nd

| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"|

| {{no|Lost}}

2011

|{{yes2|Almazbek Atambayev}}

|1,161,929

| {{Percentage bar|63.83|hex=186498}}

|1st

| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"|

| {{yes2|Won}}

2017

|{{yes2|Sooronbay Jeenbekov}}

|920,620

| {{Percentage bar|54.67|hex=186498}}

|1st

| style="background:lightgrey;" colspan="2"|

| {{yes2|Won}}

= Parliamentary elections =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" !Election !Leader !Votes ! % !Seats !+/– !Rank !Government
1995 \| align="left" \|Almazbek Atambayev \|n/a \|13.3 \|{{composition bar\|14\|105\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|– \|{{increase}} 1st \| {{maybe\|Support}}
2000 \| align="left" \|{{Ill\|Abdygany Erkebayev\|ru\|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}} \|306,239 \|19.76 {{small\|(UDF)}} \|{{composition bar\|12\|105\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|{{decrease}} 2 \|{{steady}} 1st \| {{maybe\|Support}}
2005 \| align="left" \|{{Ill\|Abdygany Erkebayev\|ru\|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}} \|n/a \|n/a \|{{composition bar\|1\|75\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|{{decrease}} 11 \|{{decrease}} 4th \| {{no2\|Opposition}}
2007 \| align="left" \|Omurbek Babanov \|188,585 \|9.35 \|{{composition bar\|11\|90\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|{{increase}} 10 \|{{increase}} 2nd \| {{no2\|Opposition}}
2010 \| align="left" \|Almazbek Atambayev \|237,634 \|14.69 \|{{composition bar\|26\|120\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|{{increase}} 15 \|{{steady}} 2nd \| {{yes2\|Government}}
2015 \| align="left" \|Chynybay Tursunbekov \|431,771 \|27.40 \|{{composition bar\|38\|120\|hex={{party color\|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}} \|{{increase}} 12 \|{{increase}} 1st \| {{yes2\|Government}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"

!Election

!Leader

!Votes

! %

!Seats

!+/–

!Rank

!Government

1995

| align="left" |Almazbek Atambayev

|n/a

|13.3

|{{composition bar|14|105|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|–

|{{increase}} 1st

| {{maybe|Support}}

2000

| align="left" |{{Ill|Abdygany Erkebayev|ru|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}}

|306,239

|19.76
{{small|(UDF)}}

|{{composition bar|12|105|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|{{decrease}} 2

|{{steady}} 1st

| {{maybe|Support}}

2005

| align="left" |{{Ill|Abdygany Erkebayev|ru|Эркебаев, Абдыганы Эркебаевич}}

|n/a

|{{composition bar|1|75|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|{{decrease}} 11

|{{decrease}} 4th

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2007

| align="left" |Omurbek Babanov

|188,585

|9.35

|{{composition bar|11|90|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|{{increase}} 10

|{{increase}} 2nd

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2010

| align="left" |Almazbek Atambayev

|237,634

|14.69

|{{composition bar|26|120|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|{{increase}} 15

|{{steady}} 2nd

| {{yes2|Government}}

2015

| align="left" |Chynybay Tursunbekov

|431,771

|27.40

|{{composition bar|38|120|hex={{party color|Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan}}}}

|{{increase}} 12

|{{increase}} 1st

| {{yes2|Government}}

Membership

As of April 2019, according to SDPK, its ranks include about 40,000 in Kyrgyzstan and abroad.

Notable members

Almazbek Atambayev (until March 2019)
Roza Otunbayeva (until 21 May 2010){{cite news|date=21 May 2010|title=Отунбаева покидает Социал-демократическую партию Киргизии|language=ru|work=Interfax.ru|url=http://www.interfax.ru/news.asp?id=137694|accessdate=13 January 2019}}
Sooronbay Jeenbekov
Bakyt Beshimov
{{ill|Isa Omurkulov|ru|Омуркулов, Иса Шейшенкулович}}
Mirbek Asanakunov ({{langx|ru|Мирбек Асанакунов}}) governor of Issyk-Kul Region from 2010 through 2011
Asel Koduranova ({{lang|ky|Асел Кодуранова}}) MP since 2015
Asilbek Jeenbekov
Kubanychbek Kadyrov
Irina Karamushkina ({{lang|ky|Ирина Карамушкина}}) MP from 2010 to 2015
{{ill|Damira Niyazalieva|ru|Ниязалиева, Дамира Абаскановна}}
{{ill|Ruslan Shabatoev|ru|Шабатоев, Руслан Алымкулович}}

Notes

References

External links

[http://sdpk.kg SDPK website]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20091002062525/http://www.kenesh.kg/structure/fraction/social_democratic Kyrgyz Parliament website, SDPK page]

Category:Political parties established in 1993

Category:Political parties disestablished in 2020

Category:Defunct political parties in Kyrgyzstan

Category:Social democratic parties

Category:1993 establishments in Kyrgyzstan

Category:2020 disestablishments in Asia

Category:Russophilic parties