Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel

ACUM was incorporated in Mandatory Palestine in 1936, although it had been operating on an informal basis since 1934.{{sfn|Birnhack|2012|p=164}}{{sfn|Fleisher|Fleisher|1997|p=33}} The organization originally represented Jewish authors and musicians.{{sfn|Birnhack|2012|p=186}}

In ACUM's early years, the Palestine Broadcasting Service was its primary source of royalties. ACUM did not have a workable system in place to collect royalties from café owners, nor did it distribute royalties among its members in a systematic fashion.{{sfn|Birnhack|2012|p=185}}

As ACUM improved its enforcement of royalty payments for musical works performed in Israel, it began signing reciprocal agreements with foreign counterparts. A 1965 Billboard report on the signing of an agreement between ACUM and the GEMA performing rights organization of Germany noted:

According to Israeli copyright law, royalties must be paid to ACUM for reproduction of any kind of music in the rooms of officials, political parties, ministries and settlements (kibbutzim), or over the radio or on records and tape. Clubs, tourist buses and aircraft are encompassed by the copyright law. Even guitar music played in the evenings at the kibuzzims is subject to ACUM royalties.{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14|title=GEMA-ACUM Pact; Payment Due Soon|first=Omer|last=Anderson|magazine=Billboard|date=13 February 1965|access-date=20 September 2018|page=14}}

ACUM is a member of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC) and the International Bureau of Societies Administering Mechanical Rights, both of which are recognized by the UN's World Intellectual Property Organization. Through its CISAC membership, ACUM is affiliated with more than 100 similar rights organizations around the world, collecting royalties on their behalf for work performed in Israel, and receiving royalties for Israeli members' works performed abroad.{{cite web |url=https://apps.acum.org.il/acumsiteservicesNG/associations?lang=en|title=Worldwide Copyright Protection|publisher=ACUM|access-date=20 September 2018}}

In 2004, the Israel Antitrust Authority declared that the arrangement which ACUM had to license its members' work amounted to a restrictive agreement, and that ACUM was essentially "a monopoly in the markets for the management of broadcast rights, public performance rights, copying rights, recording rights and rights to synchronise musical pieces, including the provision of licenses for the use of these rights". ACUM appealed this decision to the Antitrust Tribunal in July 2004, which rejected the appeal in 2008. In May 2009 the Supreme Court of Israel dismissed ACUM's appeal.{{cite web |url= http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DAF/COMP(2010)17&docLanguage=En|title=Annual Report on Competition Policy Developments in Israel, 2009|date=31 May 2010|pages=10–11|publisher=OECD}} The case served as a precedent for other copyright management organizations in Israel to be subject to the approval of the Antitrust Tribunal.{{cite journal|url= https://www.bowmanslaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Perspectives-on-International-Law-May-2018.pdf|title=Israel|first1=Mattan|last1=Meridor|first2=Joey|last2=Lightstone|page=136|journal=Global Analysis of the Intersection of Antitrust and Intellectual Property|publisher=International Antitrust Committee|date=May 2018|access-date=20 September 2018}}

In 2008, in keeping with the demand for transparency, ACUM hired a public relations firm and held its first-ever press conference. It reported that in 2008 it had collected NIS 76 million in royalties which it passed on to its members, an increase of 28% over the previous year. Organizational revenue was reported as NIS 99.4 million.{{cite web |url= https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1000426898|title= היגיון אקו"ם|language=Hebrew|trans-title=ACUM Logic|first=Dafna|last=Yudowitz|date=18 February 2009|access-date=20 September 2018|work=Globes}}

In 2011, the Antitrust Tribunal approved ACUM's arrangements with artists for a period of five years, subject to a series of limitations. This approval was renewed in 2016, with additional requirements for ACUM to regularly report on its revenues and artist compensation, as well as to indicate which copyrights have expired in its public database.{{cite web |url= http://www.antitrust.gov.il/files/34285/ACUM_112016.pdf|title= The Antitrust Authority: ACUM will be Required to be Transparent about Use of Artists' Funds|date=2 November 2016|access-date=20 September 2018|publisher=Israel Antitrust Authority}}

File:Acum building.jpg, Israel]]

As of 2016, the organization has 10,125 members, of which 149 are publishers.{{cite web |url=https://acum.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%97-%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99-%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%90-%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%AA-%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D-29.1.18.pdf |title=דוח 2016|language=Hebrew|trans-title=2016 Report|publisher=Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel|access-date=20 September 2018}} There are no membership dues.{{cite web |url=http://www.culture.org.il/directory/viewItem.asp?cat=2&subcat=2.1&idNum=7743|title=Association of Composers, Authors and Publishers of Music in Israel (ACUM)|work=Israel Arts Directory|access-date=20 September 2018}} To qualify for membership, artists must be active in the fields of literature and music, and have their works "used on a public basis".

ACUM provides its members with "copyright protection and collective arrangements authorising the use of works, collection of royalties for such use, and legal advice". Its services include the granting of licenses to internet sites whose servers are based in Israel, allowing them to broadcast, download, and display copyrighted works online.{{sfn|White|2009|p=2190}} In 2004 ACUM won an Israel Supreme Court decision allowing it to license musical works for commercial use online.{{cite web |url= https://law.co.il/news/2014/07/31/ACUM-may-license-music-for-advertisements-in-israel/|title=ACUM is entitled to license music for online, commercial use|date=31 July 2014|access-date=20 September 2018|first=Dotan|last=Hemer|publisher=law.co.il}}

In 2012, ACUM opened a creative studio in which young musicians can perform royalty-free and also receive part of the profits from ticket sales. Located in a hangar in the Tel Aviv Port, the studio provides amplifiers, lighting, musical instruments, and a rehearsal stage. The 150-seat facility is also used by the organization for workshops and master classes.{{cite web |url=https://e.walla.co.il/item/2567456|title= האם בית היוצר של אקו"ם יקל על האמנים?|language=Hebrew|trans-title=Will ACUM's creative studio make it easier for artists?|first=Roni|last=Efrat|date=12 September 2012|access-date=20 September 2018|work=Walla!}}

The ACUM prize ceremony started in 1958 as a small competition for works that were submitted anonymously. The competition has developed over the years, today offering a wide range of prizes for literature and classical music, and for popular music.{{cite web|url=https://acum.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/ACUMREPORT.pdf|title=ACUM Report 2010|publisher=Society of Authors, Composers and Music Publishers in Israel |access-date=20 September 2018|page=5}} As of 2018, ACUM's lifetime achievement award includes a cash prize of $10,000.{{cite web |url= https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-bennett-pan-decision-to-change-music-award/|title= Right-wing ministers pan reduced award to right-wing singer|first=Marissa|last=Newman|date=3 February 2014|access-date=20 September 2018|work=The Times of Israel}}

In 2014 the board of directors decided to downgrade a lifetime achievement award to a general prize for "contribution to music" for singer Ariel Zilber, whose political views are right-wing and pro-settler. The board was pressured to downgrade the prize by left-wing protestors, among them Dalia Rabin, daughter of the slain Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin. Singer Achinoam Nini refused to accept her award from ACUM in response to the decision to honor Zilber.{{cite web |url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/176900|title=Leftist Singer Rejects Prize as Right-Wing Artist Awarded, Too|first= Maayana|last=Miskin|date=30 January 2014|access-date=20 September 2018|work=Israel National News}} The board's decision drew condemnation from right-wing politicians Avigdor Lieberman, Foreign Minister, Naftali Bennett, Minister of the Economy, and Limor Livnat, Minister of Culture, as well as from supporters of art, music, and freedom of speech.{{cite web |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4484191,00.html|title=Pro-settler singer gets Israeli prize downgrade|first=Ran|last=Boker|date=2 March 2014|access-date=20 September 2018|work=Ynetnews}}{{cite web |url=https://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/161871/israeli-musician-ariel-zilber-denied-lifetime-achievement-award|title=Israeli Musician Ariel Zilber Denied Lifetime Achievement Award|first=Dana|last=Kessler|date=4 February 2014|access-date=20 September 2018|work=Tablet}}

Directors of ACUM have included:

• Ovad Efrat (current)
• Yorek Ben-David
• Yedidyah Admon{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2587500474.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921034717/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2587500474.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 September 2018|title=Admon (Gorochov), Yedidyah|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica| date=1 January 2007|access-date=20 September 2018}}
• Menachem Avidom, 1955–1980{{cite encyclopedia |url= https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2587501659.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180920234625/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2587501659.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 20 September 2018|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica|title=Avidom (Mahler-Kalkstein), Menahem|date=1 January 2007|access-date=20 September 2018}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rLAdYH0K6CYC&pg=PA185|title=Colonial Copyright: Intellectual Property in Mandate Palestine|first=Michael D.|last=Birnhack|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780191637193}}
• {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyCdd7dRKZgC&pg=PA33|title=Twenty Israeli Composers: Voices of a Culture|first1=Robert |last1=Fleisher|first2=Robert Jay |last2=Fleisher|year=1997|publisher= Wayne State University Press|isbn= 9780814326480}}
• {{citation|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7d98AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA2190 |chapter=Israel|last=White|first=Gil|title=The Internet [2009] – I: Laws and Regulatory Regimes|editor-first=Dennis|editor-last=Campbell|year=2009|publisher=Lulu.com |isbn= 9780557090143}}

• {{Official website|https://acum.org.il/en/}} (English)

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Category:Music licensing organizations

Category:Music organizations based in Israel

Category:Arts organizations established in 1936

Category:1936 establishments in Mandatory Palestine