Sodium citrate
Sodium citrate may refer to any of the sodium salts of citric acid (though most commonly the third):
The three forms of salt are collectively known by the E number E331.
Applications
= Food =
Sodium citrates are used as acidity regulators in food and drinks, and also as emulsifiers for oils. They enable cheeses to melt without becoming greasy and also reduce the acidity of food. They are generally considered safe and are designated GRAS by the FDA. {{cite web|title=FDA: GRAS|url=https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-184}}
= Blood clotting inhibitor =
Sodium citrate is used to prevent donated blood from clotting in storage, and can also be used as an additive for apheresis to prevent clots forming in the tubes of the machine. By binding with calcium ions in the blood it prevents the process of coagulation. It is also used as an anticoagulant for laboratory testing, in that blood samples are collected into sodium citrate-containing tubes for tests such as the PT (INR), APTT, and fibrinogen levels. Sodium citrate is used in medical contexts as an alkalinizing agent in place of sodium bicarbonate,{{Cite web|date=2019-06-07|title=dRTA: How is it Treated?|url=https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/drta-how-it-treated|access-date=2021-08-02|website=National Kidney Foundation|language=en-US}} to neutralize excess acid in the blood and urine.{{Cite web|last=PubChem|title=Sodium citrate|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6224|access-date=2021-08-02|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en}}
= Metabolic acidosis =
It has applications for the treatment of metabolic acidosis{{Cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Wei|last2=Abramowitz|first2=Matthew K.|date=February 2014|title=Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Patients With CKD|journal=American Journal of Kidney Diseases |volume=63|issue=2|pages=311–317|doi=10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.06.017|issn=0272-6386|pmc=3946919|pmid=23932089}} and chronic kidney disease.{{Cite journal|last1=Goraya|first1=Nimrit|last2=Wesson|first2=Donald E.|date=May 2019|title=Clinical evidence that treatment of metabolic acidosis slows the progression of chronic kidney disease|journal=Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension|volume=28|issue=3|pages=267–277|doi=10.1097/MNH.0000000000000491|issn=1062-4821|pmc=6467553|pmid=30681417}}
= Ferrous nanoparticles =
Along with oleic acid, sodium citrate may be used in the synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle coatings.{{Cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Yan |last2=Han |first2=Bing |last3=Hu |first3=Xiaoyang |last4=Lin |first4=Yuanhua |last5=Wang |first5=Xinzhi |last6=Deng |first6=Xuliang |date=2012 |title=Synthesis of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and their Magnetic Properties |journal=Procedia Engineering |language=en |volume=27 |pages=632–637 |doi=10.1016/j.proeng.2011.12.498|doi-access=free |arxiv=2001.06583 }}
References
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