Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916
{{Short description|Total eclipse}}
{{Infobox solar eclipse|1916Feb03
|image=File:Solar eclipse of February 3, 1916 (cropped).png
| previous = Solar eclipse of August 10, 1915
| next = Solar eclipse of July 30, 1916
}}
A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit on Thursday, February 3, 1916,{{cite web|title=February 3, 1916 Total Solar Eclipse|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/solar/1916-february-3|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=1 August 2024}}{{Cite news
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/janesville-daily-gazette-the-total-solar/136161544/
| date = 1916-02-03
| page = 3
| title = The Total Solar Eclipse of Feb. 3
| newspaper = Janesville Daily Gazette
| location = Janesville, Wisconsin
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/the-west-briton-to-days-sunset-eclipse/136161581/
| date = 1916-02-03
| page = 7
| title = To-day's sunset eclipse. The position of Cornwall; longest view in England.
| newspaper = The West Briton
| location = Truro, Cornwall, England
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/nashville-banner-does-path-of-suns-ecli/136161640/
| date = 1916-02-03
| page = 13
| title = DOES PATH OF SUN'S ECLIPSE PORTEND EARLY END OF WAR? SOME FOLKS THINK SO
| newspaper = Nashville Banner
| location = Nashville, Tennessee
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-post-dont-worry-if-you-d/136161684/
| date = 1916-02-03
| page = 1
| title = Don't Worry If You Didn't See Sun's Eclipse For There Are To Be Others
| newspaper = The Cincinnati Post
| location = Cincinnati, Ohio
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/the-york-dispatch-phenomenon-in-sky-on-h/136161743/
| date = 1916-02-03
| page = 2
| title = PHENOMENON IN SKY ON HEELS OF STORM
| newspaper = The York Dispatch
| location = York, Pennsylvania
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/the-washington-herald-many-see-partial-e/136161801/
| date = 1916-02-04
| page = 12
| title = Many See Partial Eclipse.
| newspaper = The Washington Herald
| location = Washington, District of Columbia
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
| url = https://newspapers.com/article/st-louis-post-dispatch-eclipse-of-sun-p/136162142/
| date = 1916-02-04
| page = 2
| title = Eclipse of Sun Photographed Through 6-Inch Telescope
| newspaper = St. Louis Post-Dispatch
| location = St. Louis, Missouri
| via = Newspapers.com
| access-date = 2023-12-02
}} with a magnitude of 1.028. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring 1.7 days after perigee (on February 2, 1916, at 0:00 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.{{cite web|title=Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/distance.html?year=1916&n=136|publisher=timeanddate|access-date=1 August 2024}}
Totality was visible in Colombia, Venezuela, and the whole Guadeloupe except Marie-Galante, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy. A partial eclipse was visible for parts of North America, Central America, northern South America, Northwest Africa, and Western Europe.
Observations
The Argentine National Observatory sent a team to Tucacas, Falcón, Venezuela. Due to the economic depression caused by World War I, the best equipment could not be transported to the observation site. The team left Córdoba Province, Argentina on December 2, 1915, and arrived in Tucacas on January 14, 1916. It rained heavily within the first week after their arrival. There was still heavy rain on the early morning of February 3. The weather got better after that. By the time of totality, there was only a layer of mist, which slightly affected the observation. The team successfully took images of the corona and made spectral observations.{{cite journal|author=C. D. Perrine|title=THE TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE OF FEBRUARY 3, 1916|journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40691968|volume=28|number=166|date=December 1916|pages=247–252|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828202322/https://www.jstor.org/stable/40691968}} The results were also compared with a later total solar eclipse of February 26, 1998 which was also visible in Falcón, Venezuela.{{cite journal|author=Marcos A. Peñaloza-Murillo|title=Optical Response of the Atmosphere during the Caribbean Total Solar Eclipses of 26 February 1998 and of 3 February 1916 at Falcón State, Venezuela|journal=Earth, Moon, and Planets|url=http://download.springer.com/static/pdf/285/art%253A10.1023%252FA%253A1022417600232.pdf?originUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1022417600232&token2=exp=1459602047~acl=%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2F285%2Fart%25253A10.1023%25252FA%25253A1022417600232.pdf%3ForiginUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Flink.springer.com%252Farticle%252F10.1023%252FA%253A1022417600232*~hmac=06858021afcbe3a482e976813d0d1c42f2f77d14ff926f41d8ec307df5469d10|volume=91|pages=125–159|year=2002}}
Eclipse details
Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.{{cite web|title=Total Solar Eclipse of 1916 Feb 03|url=https://eclipsewise.com/solar/SEprime/1901-2000/SE1916Feb03Tprime.html|publisher=EclipseWise.com|access-date=1 August 2024}}
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|left}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|left|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+February 3, 1916 Solar Eclipse Times ! Event ! Time (UTC) |
| First Penumbral External Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 13:27:05.9 UTC |
| First Umbral External Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 14:28:56.2 UTC |
| First Central Line
| 1916 February 3 at 14:29:21.6 UTC |
| First Umbral Internal Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 14:29:47.1 UTC |
| Greatest Duration
| 1916 February 3 at 15:55:04.9 UTC |
| Greatest Eclipse
| 1916 February 3 at 16:00:21.4 UTC |
| Ecliptic Conjunction
| 1916 February 3 at 16:05:33.2 UTC |
| Equatorial Conjunction
| 1916 February 3 at 16:21:50.2 UTC |
| Last Umbral Internal Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 17:30:44.2 UTC |
| Last Central Line
| 1916 February 3 at 17:31:07.9 UTC |
| Last Umbral External Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 17:31:31.6 UTC |
| Last Penumbral External Contact
| 1916 February 3 at 18:33:31.9 UTC |
| class="wikitable" align="{{{align|right}}}" style="margin:{{#ifeq:{{{align}}}|right|0 0 0.5em 1em|0 1em 0.5em 0}}"
|+February 3, 1916 Solar Eclipse Parameters ! Parameter ! Value |
| Eclipse Magnitude
| 1.02800 |
| Eclipse Obscuration
| 1.05678 |
| Gamma
| 0.49875 |
| Sun Right Ascension
| 21h03m55.2s |
| Sun Declination
| -16°46'33.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter
| 16'13.5" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension
| 21h03m07.7s |
| Moon Declination
| -16°18'47.0" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter
| 16'26.3" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax
| 1°00'19.8" |
| ΔT
| 18.3 s |
{{clear}}
Eclipse season
{{See also|Eclipse cycle}}
This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
| class="wikitable"
|+ Eclipse season of January–February 1916 ! January 20 | |
| 200px | 200px |
| align=center
| Partial lunar eclipse | Total solar eclipse Solar Saros 139 |
Related eclipses
= Eclipses in 1916 =
- A partial lunar eclipse on January 20.
- A total solar eclipse on February 3.
- A partial lunar eclipse on July 15.
- An annular solar eclipse on July 30.
- A partial solar eclipse on December 24.
= Metonic =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 17, 1912
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of November 22, 1919
= Tzolkinex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of December 23, 1908
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of March 17, 1923
= Half-Saros =
- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of January 29, 1907
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of February 8, 1925
= Tritos =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of March 6, 1905
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 3, 1927
= Solar Saros 139 =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of January 22, 1898
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of February 14, 1934
= Inex =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of February 22, 1887
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of January 14, 1945
= Triad =
- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of April 3, 1829
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of December 4, 2002
= Solar eclipse of 1913–1917 =
{{Solar eclipse set 1913–1917}}
= Saros 139 =
{{Solar_Saros_series_139}}
= Metonic series =
{{Solar Metonic series 1859–1946}}
= Tritos series =
{{Solar Tritos series 2003 May 31}}
= Inex series =
{{Solar Inex series 2002 December 4}}
Notes
{{reflist}}
References
- [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEplot/SEplot1901/SE1916Feb03T.GIF Eclipse data, NASA]
- [https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1022417600232 Optical Response of the Atmosphere During the Caribbean Total Solar Eclipses of 26 February 1998 and of 3 February 1916 at Falcón state, Venezuela, Journal Earth, Moon, and Planets, Volume 91, Number 3 / November, 2002]
{{Solar eclipses}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Solar Eclipse Of February 3, 1916}}